Performance of Chitosan and Polyglutamic Acid in Palm Oil Mill Effluent Treatment

2021 ◽  
pp. 147-173
Author(s):  
Man Djun Lee ◽  
Pui San Lee
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽  
Polyglutamic Acid ◽  
Palm Oil Mill ◽  
Pollutants Removal

This chapter presents the study on pollutant removal efficiency in palm oil mill effluent using chitosan and polyglutamic acid (PGA). Up until today, palm oil mill effluent (POME) has been considered one of the significant sources of environmental pollution. The characteristics of POME include contaminating the source of drinking water, which is also harmful to the aquatic ecosystem by creating a highly acidic environment or causing eutrophication. With increasing public awareness of environmental pollution, it creates the need to address this issue. Both chitosan and PGA are non-polluting food-based anionic and biodegradable biopolymers that are environmentally friendly in wastewater treatment. The critical parameter to determine the effectiveness of pollutants removal is chemical oxygen demand, colour, and total suspended solids. In this aspect, this chapter also discussed some of the significant findings done in previous studies to provide proper understandings and implications on this topic.

Performance of Chitosan as Natural Coagulant in Oil Palm Mill Effluent Treatment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Man Djun Lee ◽  
Pui San Lee
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽  
Natural Coagulant ◽  
Palm Oil Mill ◽  
Pollutants Removal

This chapter presents the study on pollutant removal in palm oil mill effluent using chitosan as natural coagulant. Up until today, palm oil mill effluent (POME) considered one of the significant sources of environmental pollution. The characteristics of POME include contaminating the source of drinking water, which also harmful to the aquatic ecosystem by creating a highly acidic environment or causing eutrophication. With increasing public awareness of environmental pollution, it creates the need to address this issue. Chitosan is non-polluting food-based anionic and biodegradable biopolymer that are environmentally friendly useful in wastewater treatment. The critical parameter to determine the effectiveness of pollutants removal is chemical oxygen demand, color, and total suspended solids. This chapter also presents and discusses some of the significant findings to provide proper understandings and implications in this topic.

Effect of Different Mediators on Bio-Energy Generation and Palm Oil Mill Effluent Treatment in an Air-Cathode Microbial Fuel Cell-Adsorption System

2021 ◽  
Vol 411 ◽  
pp. 67-78
Author(s):  
Ivy Ai Wei Tan ◽  
J.R. Selvanathan ◽  
M.O. Abdullah ◽  
N. Abdul Wahab ◽  
D. Kanakaraju
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cell ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Energy Generation ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽  
Adsorption System ◽  
Air Cathode ◽  
Palm Oil Mill

Palm oil mill effluent (POME) discharged without treatment into watercourses can pollute the water source. Microbial fuel cell (MFC) has gained high attention as a green technology of converting organic wastewater into bio-energy. As an approach to overcome the limitations of the existing POME treatment methods, air-cathode MFC-Adsorption system is introduced as an innovative technology to treat POME and generate bio-electricity simultaneously. However, the use of conventional MFC with proton exchange membrane in large scale applications is restricted by the high cost and low power generation. Addition of mediator in MFC is essential in order to increase the electron transfer efficiency, hence enhancing the system performance. This study therefore aims to investigate the effect of different type of mediators i.e. congo red (CR), crystal violet (CV) and methylene blue (MB) on the performance of an affordable air-cathode MFC-Adsorption system made from earthen pot with POME as the substrate. The addition of different mediators altered the pH of the MFC-Adsorption system, in which more alkaline system showed better performance. The voltage generated in the system with CR, CV and MB mediator was 120.58 mV, 168.63 mV and 189.25 mV whereas the current generated was 2.41 mA, 3.37 mA and 3.79 mA, respectively. The power density of 290.79 mW/m3, 568.72 mW/m3 and 716.31 mW/m3 was produced in the MFC-Adsorption system with CR, CV and MB mediator, respectively. The highest POME treatment efficiency was achieved in MFC-Adsorption system with MB mediator, which resulted in biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, total suspended solids, turbidity and ammoniacal nitrogen removal of 75.3%, 84.8%, 91.5%, 86.1% and 23.31%, respectively. Overall, the air-cathode MFC-Adsorption system with addition of MB mediator was feasible for POME treatment and simultaneous bio-energy generation.

Palm Oil Mill Effluent Treatment Using Electrocoagulation-Adsorption Hybrid Process

2020 ◽  
Vol 997 ◽  
pp. 139-149
Author(s):  
Yong Yin Sia ◽  
Ivy Ai Wei Tan ◽  
Mohammad Omar Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Alternative Treatment ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solid ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽  
Hybrid Process ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Palm Oil Mill

Palm oil processing is a multi-stage operation which generates large amount of palm oil mill effluent (POME). Due to its potential to cause environmental pollution, POME must be treated prior to discharge. Electrocoagulation (EC), adsorption (AD), combined EC and AD, and EC integrated with AD have demonstrated great potential to remove various organic and inorganic pollutants from wastewater. Up to date, no study has been found on POME treatment using EC-AD hybrid process. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the feasibility of applying EC-AD hybrid process as an alternative treatment for POME. The EC-AD hybrid process achieved higher removal of total suspended solid (TSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and colour as compared to EC and AD stand-alone processes. The EC-AD hybrid process reduced 79% of TSS, 44% of COD and 89% of colour from POME. The adsorption kinetics of TSS, COD and colour were best interpreted using pseudo-second-order model, which indicated that the adsorption rate was mainly controlled by chemisorption. Overall, the EC-AD hybrid process could be recommended as an alternative treatment for POME.

scholarly journals The Application of Nanofiltration Membrane for Palm Oil Mill Effluent Treatment by Adding Polyaluminium Chloride (PAC) as Coagulant

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Jhon Armedi Pinem ◽  
Imanuel Tumanggor ◽  
Edy Saputra
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Nanofiltration Membrane ◽  
Palm Oil Mill ◽  
Flocculation Process ◽  
Polyaluminium Chloride

The rapid development of Crude Palm Oil (CPO) production has led to an increase in the production of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) as well. POME will cause problems in the environment because contains high contaminants. This study aims to investigate the effect of the coagulant Polyaluminium Chloride (PAC) variations and the membrane’s operating pressure on the POME treatment process using the nanofiltration membrane (NF) with the coagulation-flocculation process as pre-treatment. The PAC was used in the coagulation-flocculation process with variations in concentration (5.0; 5.5; 6.0; 6.5; 7.0 g/L). The process was completed by a rapid stirring of 200 rpm for 5 minutes, followed with slow stirring at 60 rpm for 15 minutes and settling time for 30 minutes. The process of membrane nanofiltration was carried out for 60 minutes with variations in operating pressure (8.0; 9.0; and 10 bars). In each treatment process, effluent quality testing was carried out with Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Suspended Solid (TSS) and oil/fat as parameters. In addition, an analysis of permeate fluxes and rejection of NF membrane was also carried out. The results of the analysis suggested that the best coagulant doses are 6.0 g/L with the reduction percentage of BOD, COD, TSS and oil/fat at 78.85%; 68.57%; 92.77% and 92.31% respectively. The highest percentage of NF membrane rejection was found at a pressure of 10 bar, which is equal to 94.71%; 94.86%; 97.92% and 95% respectively for BOD, COD, TSS and oil/fat with a flux value of 7.16 L/m2.hours.

Performance of cellulose acetate – polyethersulphone blend membrane prepared using microwave heating for palm oil mill effluent treatment

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (8) ◽  
pp. 169-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Idris ◽  
I. Ahmed ◽  
H.W. Jye
Keyword(s):  
Cellulose Acetate ◽  
Microwave Heating ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽  
Conventional Heating ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Blend Membranes ◽  
Palm Oil Mill

The objective of this research is to investigate the performance of blend cellulose acetate (CA)–polyethersulphone (PES) membranes prepared using microwave heating (MWH) techniques and then compare it with blend CA-PES membranes prepared using conventional heating (CH) methods using bovine serum albumin solution. The superior membranes were then used in the treatment of palm oil mill effluent (POME). Various blends of CA-PES have been blended with PES in the range of 1–5 wt%. This distinctive series of dope formulations of blend CA/PES and pure CA was prepared using N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) as solvent. The dope solution was prepared by MW heating for 5 min at a high pulse and the membranes were prepared by phase inversion method. The performances of these membranes were evaluated in terms of pure water and permeate flux, percentage removal of total suspended solids (TSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). The results indicate that blend membranes prepared using the microwave technique is far more superior compared to that prepared using CH. Blend membranes with 19% CA, 1–3% PES and 80% of DMF solvent were found to be the best membrane formulation.

Treatment of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) Supernatants Using Aerobic Attached–Growth System: Trickling Filter as a Case Study

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Zuhairi Abdullah ◽  
Mohamad Hakimi Ibrahim ◽  
Mohd. Omar Ab. Kadir
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Colloidal Particles ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽  
Trickling Filter ◽  
Biomass Hydrolysis ◽  
Removal Efficiencies ◽  
Palm Oil Mill ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Kertas kerja ini membincangkan tentang kecekapan penuras cucur dalam merawat supernatan kumbahan kilang kelapa sawit (POME). Supernatan POME diperoleh menerusi dua jenis perawatan. Dalam perawatan 1, pengendapan graviti digunakan untuk menyingkir pepejal boleh mendak. Perawatan 2 digunakan untuk menyingkir pepejal boleh mendak dan gumpalan partikal dengan menggunakan 350 ppm alum. Influen dialurkan secara titisan pada biojisim yang terlekat pada penyokong pepejal rawak PVC setinggi 1 m. Penuras cucur berupaya menyingkir lebih daripada 90.0% dari keperluan oksigen biologi (BOD) dan keperluan oksigen kimia (COD) di bawah 1 m3/m2–hari. Pada 2.53 m3/m2–hari, influen dengan Perawatan 1 menghasilkan kecekapan penyingkiran COD sebanyak 40.3%, berbanding 83.1% bila Perawatan 2 digunakan. Perkara ini berlaku berikutan penyingkiran bahan organik tak boleh resap semasa Perawatan 2. Kecekapan penyingkiran menurun dengan meningkatnya bebanan hidraulik kerana wujudnya kelemahan dalam hidrolisis bahan tak boleh resap kepada substratum larut. Dengan edaran semula (α=1), penyingkiran BOD dan COD yang lebih tinggi dicapai di bawah 7 m3/m2–hari. Pencapaian ini disebabkan oleh bebanan organik yang lebih rendah serta pergedaran semula enzim dan biojisim yang aktif kepada sistem. Perawatan 2 menghasilkan enap cemar yang lebih tinggi kerana penukaran substratum boleh larut kepada biojisim tak boleh larut. Hidrolisis bahan organik tak boleh resap didapati berlaku secara aktif pada bahagian atas penuras cucur sementara bahagian bawahnya cenderung mengoksidakan substratum organik. Kata kunci: POME, turas cucur, bahan organik bolehresap, penggumpalan, alir semula This paper discusses the efficiency of a trickling filter to treat Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) supernatants. POME supernatants were obtained via two treatments. In Treatment 1, gravity sedimentation was used to remove settleable solids. In Treatment 2, both settleable solids and colloidal particles were removed using 350 ppm of alum. The influents were allowed to trickle over biomass attached to 1 m high random PVC solid support. Below 1 m3/m2–day, the filter demonstrated Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) removal efficiencies of more than 90.0%. At 2.53 m3/m2–day, the influent with Treatment 1 gave a COD removal efficiency of 40.3%, but increased to 83.1% when the influent with Treatment 2 was used. This was ascribed to the removal of non–diffusible organics during Treatment 2. The removal efficiencies decreased with an increase in hydraulic loading due to limitations in the hydrolysis of non–diffusibles into soluble substrates. With recirculation (α=1), higher BOD and COD removals were achieved below 7.0 m3/m2–day, attributed to lower organic loading and the recycling of active enzyme and biomass to the system. The influent with Treatment 2 demonstrated higher sludge production due to higher conversion of soluble substrates into insoluble biomass. Hydrolysis of non–diffusible organics mainly took place at upper reaches of the filter column while lower reaches were involved in oxidizing the organic subtrates. Key words: POME, trickling filter, diffusible organic, coagulation, recirculation

scholarly journals Phytoremediation Potential of Vetiver System Technology for Improving the Quality of Palm Oil Mill Effluent

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Negisa Darajeh ◽  
Azni Idris ◽  
Paul Truong ◽  
Astimar Abdul Aziz ◽  
Rosenani Abu Bakar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽  
System Technology ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Control Sets ◽  
Palm Oil Mill

Palm oil mill effluent (POME), a pollutant produced by the palm oil industry, was treated by the Vetiver system technology (VST). This technology was applied for the first time to treat POME in order to decrease biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). In this study, two different concentrations of POME (low and high) were treated with Vetiver plants for 2 weeks. The results showed that Vetiver was able to reduce the BOD up to 90% in low concentration POME and 60% in high concentration POME, while control sets (without plant) only was able to reduce 15% of BOD. The COD reduction was 94% in low concentration POME and 39% in high concentration POME, while control just shows reduction of 12%. Morphologically, maximum root and shoot lengths were 70 cm, the number of tillers and leaves was 344 and 86, and biomass production was 4.1 kg m−2. These results showed that VST was effective in reducing BOD and COD in POME. The treatment in low concentration was superior to the high concentration. Furthermore, biomass of plant can be considered as a promising raw material for biofuel production while high amount of biomass was generated in low concentration of POME.

Cultivation and application of Scenedesmus sp. strain UKM9 in palm oil mill effluent treatment for enhanced nutrient removal

2021 ◽  
Vol 294 ◽  
pp. 126295
Author(s):  
Ainil Farhan Mohd Udaiyappan ◽  
Hassimi Abu Hasan ◽  
Mohd Sobri Takriff ◽  
Siti Rozaimah Sheikh Abdullah ◽  
Nazlina Haiza Mohd Yasin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽  
Palm Oil Mill
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document