Nutrition and Cancer

2021 ◽  
pp. 570-586
Author(s):  
Shazia Ali ◽  
Asiya Batool ◽  
Asma Tariq ◽  
Aashiq Hussain Bhat ◽  
Abid Qureshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Food Contaminants ◽  
Cancer Risks ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Vitamin B 12

Cancer is the second biggest killer worldwide. It has been estimated that specific lifestyle and dietary measures can prevent 30–40% of all cancers. Consumption of nutrient sparse foods, such as refined flour products and concentrated sugars, consumption of red meat, low fibre intake, and disproportion of omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids, contributes to cancer risks. Microbiological and chemical food contaminants as well as conventional and industrial food processing methods may further increase the carcinogenicity of diets while protective agents in a cancer prevention diet include folic acid, selenium, vitamin D, vitamin B-12, chlorophyll, and antioxidants such as the carotenoids, kryptoxanthin, lycopene, and lutein. Diet can also influence the gut microbes that may have positive or adverse effects on cancer risk. The authors summarize cancer prevention by functional foods and discuss the role of different dietary factors such as promoter or inhibitor in pathogenesis of different subtypes of cancer worldwide.

scholarly journals Role of omega‐6 and omega‐3 fatty acids in fetal programming

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 907-915 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nirajan Shrestha ◽  
Simone L. Sleep ◽  
James S.M. Cuffe ◽  
Olivia J. Holland ◽  
Anthony V. Perkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fetal Programming ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Omega 6

The Role of Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Breast Cancer Prevention

2016 ◽  
pp. 51-81
Author(s):  
Andrea Manni ◽  
Karam El-Bayoumy ◽  
Christine G. Skibinski ◽  
Henry J. Thompson ◽  
Julia Santucci-Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Breast Cancer Prevention ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3

scholarly journals ELOVL2 is required for robust visual function in zebrafish

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manish Dasyani ◽  
Fangyuan Gao ◽  
Qianlan Xu ◽  
Donald Van Fossan ◽  
Ellis Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Retina Development ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Motor Reflex ◽  
Visual Motor ◽  
And Function

ABSTRACTOmega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) play critical roles in membrane stability and cell signaling within the retina. Elovl2, an elongase involved in synthesis of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs), has recently been implicated in regulating aging in the mammalian retina. In this work, we characterize the expression and function of elovl2 in retina development in embryonic zebrafish. Whole mount in situ hybridization shows elovl2 is expressed in the Müller glia in embryonic and adult zebrafish. Lipidomics analysis of elovl2 crispants whole embryos at day 2 and eyes at day 7 demonstrated significant changes in lipids composition, especially on the level of lipids containing docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Histological analysis of zebrafish lacking elovl2 revealed increased retinal thickness compared to controls at day 7 without gross disruptions of retinal architecture. Finally, elovl2 crispants showed differences in the visual motor reflex light off (VMR-OFF) at day 7 compared to controls. In sum, inactivation of elovl2 in zebrafish embryos caused changes in lipid composition and in visual behavior further confirming the important role of LC-PUFAs in healthy vision.

scholarly journals Essential Fatty Acids and the Brain

2003 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne Haag
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Membrane Phospholipids ◽  
Membrane Function ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Omega 6

Objective: To review the role of essential fatty acids in brain membrane function and in the genesis of psychiatric disease. Method: Medline databases were searched for published articles with links among the following key words: essential fatty acids, omega-3 fatty acids, docosahexanoic acid, eicosapentanoic acid, arachidonic acid, neurotransmission, phospholipase A2, depression, schizophrenia, mental performance, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, and Alzheimer's disease. Biochemistry textbooks were consulted on the role of fatty acids in membrane function, neurotransmission, and eicosanoid formation. The 3-dimensional structures of fatty acids were obtained from the Web site of the Biochemistry Department, University of Arizona (2001). Results: The fatty acid composition of neuronal cell membrane phospholipids reflects their intake in the diet. The degree of a fatty acid's desaturation determines its 3-dimensional structure and, thus, membrane fluidity and function. The ratio between omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), in particular, influences various aspects of serotoninergic and catecholaminergic neurotransmission, as shown by studies in animal models. Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) hydrolyzes fatty acids from membrane phospholipids: liberated omega-6 PUFAs are metabolized to prostaglandins with a higher inflammatory potential, compared with those generated from the omega-3 family. Thus the activity of PLA2 coupled with membrane fatty acid composition may play a central role in the development of neuronal dysfunction. Intervention trials in human subjects show that omega-3 fatty acids have possible positive effects in the treatment of various psychiatric disorders, but more data are needed to make conclusive directives in this regard. Conclusion: The ratio of membrane omega-3 to omega-6 PUFAs can be modulated by dietary intake. This ratio influences neurotransmission and prostaglandin formation, processes that are vital in the maintenance of normal brain function.

scholarly journals Micronutrients in Preventing Cancer: A Critical Review of Research

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 119-125
Author(s):  
Ashok Chakraborty ◽  
Smita Guha ◽  
Debjit Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Breast Cancers ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Excess Cancer Risk ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Vitamin B 12 ◽  
Prostate Cancers ◽  
Percent Decrease

About 30–40 percent of all cancers can be prevented by adopting a proper lifestyle and dietary measures. Obesity, sugars and refined flour products that contribute to impaired glucose metabolism (which leads to diabetes), low fiber intake, consumption of red meat, and imbalance of omega 3 and omega 6 fats all contribute to excess cancer risk. However, intake of flaxseed, especially its lignan fraction, and abundant portions of fruits and vegetables will lower cancer risk. Garlic, which contains Allium, cruciferous vegetables, and broccoli sprouts being the richest source of sulforophane, are especially beneficial, for cancer prevention. Protective elements in a cancer prevention diet include all the micronutrients, such as, selenium, folic acid, vitamin B-12, vitamin D, chlorophyll, and antioxidants such as the carotenoids (α-carotene, β-carotene, lycopene, lutein, cryptoxanthin). Further, Ascorbic acid has limited benefits orally, but could be very beneficial intravenously. Supplementary use of oral digesti e enzymes and probiotics also has merit as anticancer dietary products. When a diet is compiled according to the proper guidelines, there would be at least a 60–70 percent decrease in breast cancers, colorectal cancers, and prostate cancers, and even a 40–50 percent decrease in lung cancer, along with similar reductions in cancers at other sites. Such a diet would be conducive in preventing cancer and would favor recovery from cancer as well.

scholarly journals The potential role of omega-3 fatty acids supplements in increasing athletic performance

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (16) ◽  
pp. 25-34
Author(s):  
Șerban Gligor ◽  
Răzvan Gligor
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

Abstract Polyunsaturated omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids are essential fatty acids that cannot be produced by the body itself and therefore must be provided through nutrition. Omega-6 and particularly omega-3 fatty acids have important roles in the organism, contributing to the maintenance and promotion of health. The optimal proportion of omega-6/omega-3 fatty acids is 2:1, or even better 1:1. They are involved in normal growth and development, play a role in the prevention of coronary and cardiovascular diseases, of diabetes mellitus, of arterial hypertension, arthritis and cancer. Omega-3 fatty acids mainly have an anti-inflammatory effect, but also act as hypolipidemic and antithrombotic agents. A potential role of omega-3 fatty acids is that of increasing physical performance. Their role in the physical activity refers on one side to the global health of athletes and on the other side to their anti-inflammatory effect, as high intensity physical exercise induces increased free-radical production and microtraumas, with the induction of an inflammatory status. The anti-inflammatory effect of these fatty acids manifests through an increased production of endogenous antioxidant enzymes, through decreasing the production of prostaglandins metabolites, decreasing the production of leukotriene B4, etc. They are also effective on reducing muscle pain post eccentric exercise and on decreasing the severity of bronchoconstriction induced by exercise, as well as improving pulmonary function variables. In conclusion it seems that supplementing diets with omega-3 fatty acids, apart from having benefic effects on health and on the prevention and management of certain affections, proves to be a beneficial for physical activity and athletic performance.

scholarly journals The Effect of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Thromboxane, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, Homocysteine, and Vitamin D in Depressive Children and Adolescents: Randomized Controlled Trial

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1095
Author(s):  
Zuzana Paduchová ◽  
Barbora Katrenčíková ◽  
Magdaléna Vaváková ◽  
Lucia Laubertová ◽  
Zuzana Nagyová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Oil Emulsion ◽  
Omega 6

In the DEPOXIN project, we have found that a high ratio of omega-6/omega-3 fatty acids (FA) is associated with worsening of depressive symptoms in children and adolescents with depressive disorder (DD) and that the 12-week omega-3 FA supplementation modulates DD symptoms. Here we present our results of the secondary outcomes: the levels of thromboxane (TXB), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), homocysteine (HCy) and vitamin D. Fifty-eight patients were randomized into two arms. One group received a fish oil emulsion enriched with omega-3 FA, and the other received a sunflower oil emulsion containing omega-6 FA, for 12 weeks. Depressive symptoms were evaluated, using the Child’s Depressive Inventory (CDI). The patients with DD had elevated TXB levels and decreased vitamin D levels, as compared to healthy controls. Both CDI and omega-6/omega-3 ratio correlated positively with TXB and negatively with BDNF at baseline. Compared to the omega-6 FA group, the supplementation with omega-3 FA for 12 weeks significantly reduced plasma TXB (p = 0.024) and increased BDNF (p = 0.011) levels. No changes in HCy and vitamin D were observed. Our results demonstrate the possible role of TXB and BDNF in the pathophysiology of DD and the benefits of omega-3 FA supplementation. The study was registered with the ISRCTN registry (ISRCTN81655012).

scholarly journals Elovl2 Is Required for Robust Visual Function in Zebrafish

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2583
Author(s):  
Manish Dasyani ◽  
Fangyuan Gao ◽  
Qianlan Xu ◽  
Donald Van Fossan ◽  
Ellis Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Retina Development ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Motor Reflex ◽  
And Function ◽  
Long Chain

Omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) play critical roles in membrane stability and cell signaling within the retina. ELOVL2 (Elongation of Very Long Chain Fatty Acids-Like 2), an elongase involved in the synthesis of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs), has recently been implicated in regulating aging in the mammalian retina. In this work, we characterize the expression and function of elovl2 in the retina development in embryonic zebrafish. Whole mount in situ hybridization shows elovl2 is expressed in the Muller glia in embryonic and adult zebrafish. Lipidomics analysis of elovl2 crispants whole embryos at day 2 and eyes at day 7 demonstrated significant changes in lipids composition, especially on the level of lipids containing docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Histological analysis of zebrafish lacking elovl2 revealed increased retinal thickness compared to controls at day 7 without gross disruptions of the retinal architecture. Finally, elovl2 crispants showed differences in the visual motor reflex light off (VMR-OFF) at day 7 compared to controls. In sum, inactivation of elovl2 in zebrafish embryos caused changes in lipid composition and in visual behavior, further confirming the important role of LC-PUFAs in healthy vision.

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