In modern conditions of each region of Russia solves the problem of increasing con competitiveness and self-sufficiency. However, the solution to this problem without the Centre the instrumentation the primary function of the region - the creation of environments and human reproduction - socially and economically unjustified. Environment, this should be comfortable, high quality, and for all regions historically given conditions should be developed on the basis of relatively competitive interaction and cooperation, which is not performed. This explains the relevance of the research, in which the authors were based on the scientific work of Russian and foreign scientists: Ayvazyan S.A., Bezyazichny V.F., Gerasimov B.I., Gundarova I.A., Drobysheva V. V., Egorshina A.P., Kozlova M.I., Malikova K.S., Navrotskiy B.A., Neretina E.A., Salimova T.A., Albrecht G.L., Boyce C.J., Catalano T., Devlieger P., Hajiran H., Kendall E., Ortega F., Peri G., Wood A.M. Research subject - the factors that determine stay of comfort population in the region in various aspects, and object - the region (and the city as a structural unit of the region). Methodologically the research is based on the complex and systematic approach using comparative methods, retrospective, statistical, mathematical, logical analysis, modeling and forecasting. The purpose of copyright is to find theoretical and methodical substantiation of competitiveness of the region with the comfort of assessment items residing in it with scientists-including historical, socio-cultural, economic and environmental aspects. To achieve this goal the authors solved the problem: 1) revealed a problem of competitiveness of regions from the point of evaluating stay of comfort population in the region grounded and the trend in the functional role of temporal cities to ensure the region´s competitiveness; 2) defines competitiveness of the region from the standpoint of evaluating stay of comfort population in the region in it and a comparative analysis of the theoretical and methodological approaches to the identification and assessment of the level and quality of life, and stay of comfort population in the region; 3) developed and tested an original theoretical approach to the definition comfort of living in the region as an indicator of competitiveness, and the expediency of its use in the development of socio-economic development programs.