The Relationship Between Price Indices and Pricing Methods

2021 ◽  
pp. 378-395
Author(s):  
Mikail Kar
Keyword(s):  
Price Indices ◽  
Regulatory Authorities ◽  
Consumer Prices ◽  
Producer Prices ◽  
Causality Relationship ◽  
New Entrants ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Relationship

Incumbent firms, potential new entrants, policymakers, and regulatory authorities want to know the commonly used pricing method in the market to which they are associated to use in their decisions and strategies. The most widely used approach to determining the pricing method commonly used in a market in the literature is to analyze the causality relationship between producer and consumer prices. It is accepted that the demand-based pricing method is commonly used in the markets where the change in consumer prices leads the producer prices, and the cost-based pricing method is commonly used in the markets where the change in the producer prices leads the consumer prices. This study examines pricing methods and price indices and discusses the determination of the pricing method commonly used in a market based on the causality relationship between the producer and consumer price indices.

The Awareness Level of the Safety and Health of the Operational Level

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Roshanira Che Mohd Noor ◽  
Nur Atiqah Rochin Demong
Keyword(s):  
Health And Safety ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Operational Level ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
Health Factors ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Awareness Level

Providing a safe and healthy workplace is one of the most effective strategies in for holding down the cost of doing construction business. It was a part of the overall management system to facilitate themanagement of the occupational health and safety risk that are associated with the business of the organization. Factors affected the awareness level inclusive of safety and health conditions, dangerous working area, long wait care and services and lack of emergency communication werethe contributed factors to the awareness level for the operational level. Total of 122 incidents happened at Telekom Malaysia Berhad as compared to year 2015 only 86 cases. Thus, the main objective of this study was to determine the relationship between safety and health factors and the awareness level among operational workers.The determination of this research was to increase the awareness level among the operational level workerswho committing to safety and health environment.

scholarly journals Study on the relationship between total dissolved solids (TDS) and electrical conductivity (EC) of the aquifers in Ca Mau province

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-311
Author(s):  
Trinh Hoai Thu ◽  
Tran Thi Thuy Huong ◽  
Dang Tran Trung
Keyword(s):  
Standard Error ◽  
Small Deviation ◽  
Middle Pleistocene ◽  
Pleistocene Aquifer ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Lower Pleistocene ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Regression Correlation

This article has established a set of empirical equations to describe the relationship between bulk resistivity and TDS of the Upper-Middle Pleistocene aquifer (qp2-3) and Lower Pleistocene aquifer (qp1) of the for field survey in 2017 in Ca Mau province. This article has determined the content of TDS based on EC (TDSEC) and established correlation regression equation between TDSLAB and TDS is based on the EC of the qp2-3 aquifer: Y = 0.549X – 0.081  with R2 = 0.975 and Standard Error (SE) = 0.1591. The qp1 aquifer: Y = 0.4669X + 0.0483 with R2 = 0.9869, Standard Error (SE) = 0.0949. Based on these regression correlation equations, we found a high correlation coefficient and small deviation between TDSLAB and TDSEC. Therefore, the determination of TDS content through the EC has reduced the cost of groundwater samples of the aquifers of laboratory analysis in Ca Mau province.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the effect of maritime traffic regulations on the accident rate in the strait of Istanbul

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-207
Author(s):  
Gizem Kodak ◽  
Tayfun Acarer
Keyword(s):  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Marmara Sea ◽  
Accident Rate ◽  
Environmental Disasters ◽  
Maritime Traffic ◽  
Regulatory Measures ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Marine Accidents ◽  
The Relationship

In the Strait of Istanbul, which is one of the most perilous natural waterways of the World, many marine accidents have occurred throughout the history. Some of these accidents resulted in deaths, financial losses, and environmental disasters. The fact that a significant proportion of the ships passing the Strait are tanker carrying hazardous cargo further increases this danger. Especially the increasing size of the ships, the increase in the cost of the for transported and the transportation of dangerous cargoes, especially oil and derivatives, to a great extent by sea, made the possible consequences of the accidents even more catastrophic. For this reason, many regulatory measures have been taken regarding the Sea Traffic in Istanbul, Çanakkale Straits and Marmara Sea, which have been named as the “Turkish Straits System” in recent years, and these measures have been collected under the Turkish Straits Vessel Traffic Service, which is briefly defined as TBGTH. Within the scope of this study, maritime accidents in the Strait of Istanbul have been examined chronologically in terms of the number of ships passing and maritime traffic regulations. The effects of the applications implemented after 2003, when Istanbul VTS started its operations, on the safety of navigation have been investigated. In this way, it is aimed to demonstrate the effect of the Vessel Traffic Services and related regulations on the improvement in the rate of marine accidents. The numerical determination of the relationship between the number of passing ships and the number of accidents in the Strait can be used as a statistically significant criterion for the realization of new regulations depending on the maritime traffic volume in the coming years.

Does Advertising Lower Consumer Prices?

1973 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 19-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Steiner
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Prices ◽  
Toy Industry ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Oligopolistic Pricing

Critics of advertising maintain that advertising raises consumer prices by increasing manufacturers’ selling prices in several ways. Not only must the cost of the promotion be added to the product's cost, but by limiting entry, advertising leads to concentration and oligopolistic pricing. This article contends that even if these assertions are valid, advertising lowers consumer prices. A theory of the relationship between advertising and prices is presented and is illustrated by data from the marketing experience of the toy industry.

Internal Cathodic Protection Of Large Steel Pipes Carrying Sea Water

CORROSION ◽  
1959 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 35-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN H. MORGAN
Keyword(s):  
Cathodic Protection ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Measuring Device ◽  
Steel Pipes ◽  
Large Steel ◽  
Diameter Pipe ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The internal cathodic protection of large steel pipe carrying sea water is discussed both from the practical and the theoretical viewpoint. Systems considered involved use of such devices as concentric cylindrical anodes, off-center cylindrical anodes, wall mounted anodes, and central point lead alloy anodes fed with impressed current from a dc source. The cathodic protection was applied to both bare and coated pipe. Testing was done both in the laboratory and on a full scale level. The designing of a potential measuring device and the determination of protection criteria are considered briefly. Other topics discussed include coating the pipe interior, computing the costs of cathodic protection, and determining the relationship between anode separation and anode diameter in pipes with the same coating and electrolyte. It was found that coatings will effect the largest economies on the smaller diameter pipe where the cost of the cable is lowest and where smaller anode supports can be used with small anodes. At the moment the most economical method of protection seems to involve the use of a cheap readily applied coating of reasonable resistance and cathodic protection from point anodes mounted at or close to the center line of the pipe. 5.2.3

scholarly journals Determination of influencing metricsin water fall model

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.26) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
K David ◽  
R Anand
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Project Manager ◽  
Senior Management ◽  
Project Teams ◽  
Cycle Model ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Relationship

You cannot control what you can’t measure - Tom DeMarco -Metrics plays a critical role in any industry. The metrics can tell the senior management the health of the activity in that organization. In the paper, we have studied the relationship between the metrics and the quality of deliverables. Once the right metrics are identified for a particular phasein the life cycle model it will help the project manager to proactive-ly detect the issues earlier and arrest the defects. This can help the project teams to deliver the product on time without defects. There by the cost of the projects can be reduced which in turn will have high customer satisfaction.  

scholarly journals Does the Cost of Capital Affect Environmental Performance?

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Haninun Haninun ◽  
Lindrianasari Lindrianasari ◽  
Susi Sarumpaet ◽  
Agrianti Komalasari
Keyword(s):  
Stock Prices ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Cost Of Capital ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Financial Reports ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This study aims to test the influence of environmental performance in Indonesia associated with the cost of capital. This research is motivated by previous findings which stated that the environmental performance received a good response from investors as reflected in increased stock prices (Ba et al., 2013; Middleton, 2015). The development hypothesis of the research is based on the theory of stakeholder, legitimacy and the theory of signal and some previous research such as the studies that have been done (Guenster et al., 2011; Sarumpaet et al., 2017). This type of research is research explanatory, the determination of the sample using the method of purposive sampling with number of samples to qualify as many as 215 observation data derived from the annual financial reports of companies listed on the stock exchange in 2015 until 2017. The results of the statistical analysis show that there are significant negative not significant on the relationship of environmental performance with cost of capital, it can be explained that only a small fraction of investors understand the performance information of the environment, and make it as a basis for making the decision to invest.

The Awareness Level of the Safety and Health of the Operational LevelThe Awareness Level of the Safety and Health of the Operational Level

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Roshanira Che Mohd Nor ◽  
Nur Atiqah Rochin Demong
Keyword(s):  
Health And Safety ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Operational Level ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
Health Factors ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Awareness Level

Providing a safe and healthy workplace is one of the most effective strategies in for holding down the cost of doing construction business. It was a part of the overall management system to facilitate the management of the occupational health and safety risk that are associated with the business of the organization. Factors affected the awareness level inclusive of safety and health conditions, dangerous working area, long wait care and services and lack of emergency communication were the contributed factors to the awareness level for the operational level. According to TM Report (2016) 122 total cases of incident happened at Telekom Malaysia Berhad as compared to year 2015 only 86 cases. Thus, the main objective of this study was to determine the relationship between safety and health factors and the awareness level among operational workers. The determination of this research was to increase the awareness level among the operational level workers who committing to safety and health environment.

scholarly journals Collateral and Yield Spread of Syndicated Loans

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 180
Author(s):  
Khaled Amira ◽  
Mark L. Muzere
Keyword(s):  
Moral Hazard ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
The United States ◽  
Yield Spread ◽  
Syndicated Loans ◽  
Debt Contract ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Relationship

We examine factors that influence the use of collateral in syndicated loans and explore debt contract theories under adverse selection and moral hazard. Using a probit model (Agresti, 2007) to analyse syndicated loan data (1987-2007) for firms in the United States, we find that loan and borrower specific factors and general economic conditions as well are significant in explaining the presence of collateral in these loans. Further testing exploring the relationship between collateral and yield spread of syndicated loans while using an econometric procedure (Heckman, 1976; Lee, 1978) to control for the simultaneity between the decision to use collateral and the determination of the yield spread confirms the empirical predictions of the moral hazard debt theory. The use of collateral reduces risk and the cost of borrowing for syndicated loans, providing further clarification to the mixed empirical evidence in the literature.

Thromboplastin Related Differences in the Determination of International Normalised Ratio: A Cause for Concern?

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (03) ◽  
pp. 426-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Kitchen ◽  
I D Walker ◽  
T A L Woods ◽  
F E Preston
Keyword(s):  
Patient Management ◽  
External Quality Assessment ◽  
Oral Anticoagulant Therapy ◽  
Warfarin Dosage ◽  
External Quality ◽  
External Quality Assessment Scheme ◽  
International Normalised Ratio ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryWhen the International Normalised Ratio (INR) is used for control of oral anticoagulant therapy the same result should be obtained irrespective of the laboratory reagent used. However, in the UK National External Quality Assessment Scheme (NEQAS) for Blood Coagulation INRs determined using different reagents have been significantly different.For 18 NEQAS samples Manchester Reagent (MR) was associated with significantly lower INRs than those obtained using Diagen Activated (DA, p = 0.0004) or Instrumentation Laboratory PT-Fib HS (IL, p = 0.0001). Mean INRs for this group were 3.15, 3.61, and 3.65 for MR, DA, and IL respectively. For 61 fresh samples from warfarin-ised patients with INRs of greater than 3.0 the relationship between thromboplastins in respect of INR was similar to that observed for NEQAS data. Thus INRs obtained with MR were significantly lower than with DA or IL (p <0.0001). Mean INRs for this group were 4.01, 4.40, and 4.59 for MR, DA, and IL respectively.We conclude that the differences between INRs measured with the thromboplastins studied here are sufficiently great to influence patient management through warfarin dosage schedules, particularly in the upper therapeutic range of INR. There is clearly a need to address the issues responsible for the observed discrepancies.

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