scholarly journals Collateral and Yield Spread of Syndicated Loans

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 180
Author(s):  
Khaled Amira ◽  
Mark L. Muzere
Keyword(s):  
Moral Hazard ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
The United States ◽  
Yield Spread ◽  
Syndicated Loans ◽  
Debt Contract ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Relationship

We examine factors that influence the use of collateral in syndicated loans and explore debt contract theories under adverse selection and moral hazard. Using a probit model (Agresti, 2007) to analyse syndicated loan data (1987-2007) for firms in the United States, we find that loan and borrower specific factors and general economic conditions as well are significant in explaining the presence of collateral in these loans. Further testing exploring the relationship between collateral and yield spread of syndicated loans while using an econometric procedure (Heckman, 1976; Lee, 1978) to control for the simultaneity between the decision to use collateral and the determination of the yield spread confirms the empirical predictions of the moral hazard debt theory. The use of collateral reduces risk and the cost of borrowing for syndicated loans, providing further clarification to the mixed empirical evidence in the literature.

The Awareness Level of the Safety and Health of the Operational Level

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Roshanira Che Mohd Noor ◽  
Nur Atiqah Rochin Demong
Keyword(s):  
Health And Safety ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Operational Level ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
Health Factors ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Awareness Level

Providing a safe and healthy workplace is one of the most effective strategies in for holding down the cost of doing construction business. It was a part of the overall management system to facilitate themanagement of the occupational health and safety risk that are associated with the business of the organization. Factors affected the awareness level inclusive of safety and health conditions, dangerous working area, long wait care and services and lack of emergency communication werethe contributed factors to the awareness level for the operational level. Total of 122 incidents happened at Telekom Malaysia Berhad as compared to year 2015 only 86 cases. Thus, the main objective of this study was to determine the relationship between safety and health factors and the awareness level among operational workers.The determination of this research was to increase the awareness level among the operational level workerswho committing to safety and health environment.

The cost of linguistic loyalty

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devin L. Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Language Maintenance ◽  
Census Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Spanish Language ◽  
Median Income ◽  
Social Variables ◽  
Model Set ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Relationship

In a census-related study on language maintenance among the Hispanic/Latino population in the southwest United States, Hudson, Hernández-Chávez and Bills (1995) stated that, given negative correlations between language maintenance and years of education and per capita income, “educational and economic success in the Spanish origin population are purchased at the expense of Spanish language maintenance in the home” (1995: 179). While census figures from 1980 make this statement undeniable for the Southwest, the recent growth of the Spanish-language population in the United States, which has grown by a factor of ~2.5 over the last twenty years, begs a reexamination of these correlations. A recent study on the state of Colorado (McCullough & Jenkins 2005) found a correlational weakening, especially with regard to the relationship between language maintenance and median income.
 The current study follows the model set forth by Hudson et al. (1995) in examining the interrelationship between the measures of count, density, language loyalty and retention based on 2000 census data, as well as the relationship between these metrics and socioeconomic and demographic variables, including income and education. While some relationships existed in 2000 much in the same way that they did in the 1980 data, especially with regard to count and density, the measures of loyalty and retention saw marked reductions in their correlations with social variables.

scholarly journals Study on the relationship between total dissolved solids (TDS) and electrical conductivity (EC) of the aquifers in Ca Mau province

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-311
Author(s):  
Trinh Hoai Thu ◽  
Tran Thi Thuy Huong ◽  
Dang Tran Trung
Keyword(s):  
Standard Error ◽  
Small Deviation ◽  
Middle Pleistocene ◽  
Pleistocene Aquifer ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Lower Pleistocene ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Regression Correlation

This article has established a set of empirical equations to describe the relationship between bulk resistivity and TDS of the Upper-Middle Pleistocene aquifer (qp2-3) and Lower Pleistocene aquifer (qp1) of the for field survey in 2017 in Ca Mau province. This article has determined the content of TDS based on EC (TDSEC) and established correlation regression equation between TDSLAB and TDS is based on the EC of the qp2-3 aquifer: Y = 0.549X – 0.081  with R2 = 0.975 and Standard Error (SE) = 0.1591. The qp1 aquifer: Y = 0.4669X + 0.0483 with R2 = 0.9869, Standard Error (SE) = 0.0949. Based on these regression correlation equations, we found a high correlation coefficient and small deviation between TDSLAB and TDSEC. Therefore, the determination of TDS content through the EC has reduced the cost of groundwater samples of the aquifers of laboratory analysis in Ca Mau province.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the effect of maritime traffic regulations on the accident rate in the strait of Istanbul

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-207
Author(s):  
Gizem Kodak ◽  
Tayfun Acarer
Keyword(s):  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Marmara Sea ◽  
Accident Rate ◽  
Environmental Disasters ◽  
Maritime Traffic ◽  
Regulatory Measures ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Marine Accidents ◽  
The Relationship

In the Strait of Istanbul, which is one of the most perilous natural waterways of the World, many marine accidents have occurred throughout the history. Some of these accidents resulted in deaths, financial losses, and environmental disasters. The fact that a significant proportion of the ships passing the Strait are tanker carrying hazardous cargo further increases this danger. Especially the increasing size of the ships, the increase in the cost of the for transported and the transportation of dangerous cargoes, especially oil and derivatives, to a great extent by sea, made the possible consequences of the accidents even more catastrophic. For this reason, many regulatory measures have been taken regarding the Sea Traffic in Istanbul, Çanakkale Straits and Marmara Sea, which have been named as the “Turkish Straits System” in recent years, and these measures have been collected under the Turkish Straits Vessel Traffic Service, which is briefly defined as TBGTH. Within the scope of this study, maritime accidents in the Strait of Istanbul have been examined chronologically in terms of the number of ships passing and maritime traffic regulations. The effects of the applications implemented after 2003, when Istanbul VTS started its operations, on the safety of navigation have been investigated. In this way, it is aimed to demonstrate the effect of the Vessel Traffic Services and related regulations on the improvement in the rate of marine accidents. The numerical determination of the relationship between the number of passing ships and the number of accidents in the Strait can be used as a statistically significant criterion for the realization of new regulations depending on the maritime traffic volume in the coming years.

With a Little Help from my Friends

2005 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 971-999 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Victoria Murillo ◽  
Andrew Schrank
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
The United States ◽  
Labor Rights ◽  
Labor Laws ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The U.S

Why did Latin American governments adopt potentially costly, union-friendly labor reforms in the cost-sensitive 1980s and 1990s? The authors answer the question by exploring the relationship between trade unions and two of their most important allies: labor-backed parties at home and labor rights activists overseas. While labor-backed parties in Latin America have locked in the support of their core constituencies by adopting relatively union-friendly labor laws in an otherwise uncertain political and economic environment, labor rights activists in the United States have demonstrated their support for their Latin American allies by asking the U.S. government to treat the protection of labor rights as the price of access to the U.S. market. The former trajectory is the norm in traditionally labor-mobilizing polities, where industrialization encouraged the growth of labor-backed parties in the postwar era; the latter is more common in more labor-repressive environments, where vulnerable unions tend to look for allies overseas.

LAWYER AND CLIENT RELATIONS: UKRAINIAN AND FOREIGN PRACTICES

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleksii Marochkin ◽  
◽  
Oksana Leshko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Work ◽  
The United States ◽  
Scientific Article ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Legal Nature ◽  
Normative Dimension ◽  
Client Relations ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Approximate Amount

The scientific article is devoted to the analysis of issues related to the peculiarities of the relationship between a lawyer and a client in Ukraine and foreign countries. In the article, the author analyzes the provisions of the Law of Ukraine "On the Bar and Advocate Activity" and the Rules of Lawyer Ethics concerning such aspects of the relationship between an attorney and a client as confidentiality, preservation of attorney secrecy, payment of an attorney's fee and determination of the legal nature of an attorney's "success fee". The works of domestic and foreign scientists, the subject of which the author identified the questions, have been investigated. The author defines trust as the basis of the relationship between the client and the lawyer, defines its value and normative dimension; the issues of possible abuse of confidence on the part of a lawyer were considered. It has been established that the principle of confidentiality is not absolute and when it is applied, there are exceptions provided for by the Rules of Lawyer Ethics. The author draws attention to the fact that neither the legislator, nor the all-Ukrainian bodies of advocate self-government determine the criteria for the reasonableness of the amount of the fee. The available decisions of the councils of lawyers of individual regions on the approximate amount of the fee are of a recommendatory nature. The obligation of a lawyer was established to provide in the agreement on the provision of legal assistance provisionsregarding the procedure for payment conditions, return of fees; the possibility of agreeing on the payment of the “success fee” with the client was determined. The author has analyzed the practice of consideration of disciplinary complaints by the Higher Qualification and Disciplinary Commission of the Bar on certain issues of preserving attorney secrets and attorney fees. The experience of the United States of America, Great Britain and France in the aspect of normative regulation and law enforcement of the issues identified in scientific work is investigated. The author identified both the general characteristics of the relationship between a lawyer and a client in Ukraine and foreign countries, as well as excellent ones. The general characteristics of the relationship between a lawyer and a client can be traced in matters of the concept of lawyer secrecy and the guarantee of its nondisclosure. Distinctive characteristics - in matters of the type of responsibility for the disclosure of attorney secrets and the availability of mandatory criteria for the reasonableness of the amount of the attorney's fee.

Data Mining and Analysis of Lung Cancer

2010 ◽  
pp. 118-144
Author(s):  
Guoxin Tang
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
The United States ◽  
Claim Data ◽  
National Database ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
The World ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Relationship

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in the United States and the world, with more than 1.3 million deaths worldwide per year. However, because of a lack of effective tools to diagnose lung cancer, more than half of all cases are diagnosed at an advanced stage, when surgical resection is unlikely to be feasible. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between patient outcomes and conditions of the patients undergoing different treatments for lung cancer and to develop models to estimate the population burden, the cost of cancer, and to help physicians and patients determine appropriate treatment in clinical decision-making. We use a national database, and also claim data to investigate treatments for lung cancer.

scholarly journals Bridging the Financial Gap Among Young People

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Torres ◽  
Russell Rudman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Low Income ◽  
College Graduates ◽  
The United States ◽  
Student Loan ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Financial Decisions ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Relationship

Experts have determined that the cost of attending college is rising (Williams, 2006) and as a result, it has altered college graduates’ cumulative debt levels. In addition, research shows that those who attend college are more likely to earn higher salaries (Ma et al., 2016). Consequently, the existence of a low-income college graduate population would be considered a paradox. Simultaneous to such changes mentioned, homeownership among young individuals is declining in the United States (Dettling & Hsu, 2014). As of today, research has focused on the relationship between student loan debt and homeownership but has neglected the relationship between cumulative debt and homeownership. This study will answer the following question: What is the relationship between cumulative debt acquired by low-income college graduates between the ages of 23-40 in the United States in the 21st century and the corresponding likelihood of homeownership? Through interviews with five low-income college graduates, I collected narratives describing their outlooks on cumulative debt and its influences on homeownership. Through thematic analysis, I drew connections between common themes that indicated how cumulative debt affected one’s actions or thoughts regarding purchasing a home.  The results showed that cumulative debt has negative effects on homeownership. Subjects disclosed that their struggle to pay their cumulative debt and inability to accumulate wealth were the two most common hindrances of purchasing a home. This is significant because cumulative debt predetermines how the subject manages their finances to pursue purchasing a home and such data may influence the financial decisions of future generations.

The Demand for Pharmaceuticals

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart O. Schweitzer ◽  
Z. John Lu
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
The United States ◽  
Changing Environment ◽  
Health Counseling ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
The Cost

Demand for pharmaceuticals is unique because it is determined by four parties: the patient, who is the direct consumer of drugs; the physician, often serving as the consumer’s agent, who considers drugs as an input in the production of health for the patient; insurers, who usually pay most of the cost of the drug that is purchased; and the pharmacist, who often decides which version of a drug to dispense, fills the prescription, and frequently provides the patient with health counseling and additional information on the drug’s action, administration, and side effects. This chapter looks at each party and their interaction in the determination of pharmaceutical demand in a rapidly changing environment in the United States.

Internal Cathodic Protection Of Large Steel Pipes Carrying Sea Water

CORROSION ◽  
1959 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 35-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN H. MORGAN
Keyword(s):  
Cathodic Protection ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Measuring Device ◽  
Steel Pipes ◽  
Large Steel ◽  
Diameter Pipe ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The internal cathodic protection of large steel pipe carrying sea water is discussed both from the practical and the theoretical viewpoint. Systems considered involved use of such devices as concentric cylindrical anodes, off-center cylindrical anodes, wall mounted anodes, and central point lead alloy anodes fed with impressed current from a dc source. The cathodic protection was applied to both bare and coated pipe. Testing was done both in the laboratory and on a full scale level. The designing of a potential measuring device and the determination of protection criteria are considered briefly. Other topics discussed include coating the pipe interior, computing the costs of cathodic protection, and determining the relationship between anode separation and anode diameter in pipes with the same coating and electrolyte. It was found that coatings will effect the largest economies on the smaller diameter pipe where the cost of the cable is lowest and where smaller anode supports can be used with small anodes. At the moment the most economical method of protection seems to involve the use of a cheap readily applied coating of reasonable resistance and cathodic protection from point anodes mounted at or close to the center line of the pipe. 5.2.3

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document