Ethical Considerations in Prosthetics and Orthotics

2022 ◽  
pp. 131-153
Author(s):  
Jesmond Attard
Keyword(s):  
Medical Devices ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Health Science ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Engineering Science ◽  
Medical Conditions ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Healthcare Profession ◽  
Physical Dysfunction

This chapter introduces the field of advanced technology within the orthotics and prosthetics profession, a healthcare profession that combines technology and engineering science with medical and health science to produce medical devices (orthoses and prostheses) to treat medical conditions that cause physical dysfunction. The chapter sets the background to the ethical dilemmas that are encountered within the field, which technologically advanced devices cause such dilemmas and why, and then discusses the ethical dilemmas as encountered by the three stakeholders within the profession, namely the manufacturers/innovators, the prosthetic and orthotic practitioners, and the users of the devices themselves, the patients. In conclusion, the chapter looks at some solutions and recommendations to overcome or at least reduce these dilemmas.

Child and adolescent psychiatry

2021 ◽  
pp. 469-498
Author(s):  
Adrian Sondheimer ◽  
Niranjan Karnik ◽  
Peter Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Psychiatry ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Child And Adolescent ◽  
Child And Adolescent Psychiatry ◽  
Developmental Differences ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Child Patients ◽  
Transitional Age ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Marijuana Decriminalization

Ethical dilemmas unique to child and adolescent psychiatry are consequences of the child psychiatrist’s duty to serve as advocate for child patients while simultaneously having professional responsibilities to the parents and guardians of the children, as well as to child-related institutions inclusive of schools, juvenile justice systems, and childcare agencies. In addition, awareness of developmental differences is paramount, as continuous maturation occurs from ages zero through eighteen years and beyond. With this in mind, the chapter first reviews ethical principles and reasoning and the influence of context on such ever-present matters as assent/consent/dissent, agency, assessment, treatments, and confidentiality, and then hones in on current and future dilemmas posed by the needs of transitional age youth and the impacts of social media, marijuana decriminalization, alternative sexual and gender expressions, minority vulnerabilities, and casualties of global conflicts. A separate section focuses on ethical considerations relevant to research performed with child subjects.

scholarly journals The placebo effect

2006 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 185-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sundararajan Rajagopal
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Placebo Effect ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Medical Conditions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Common

The placebo effect is a fascinating phenomenon in clinical practice. Studies have shown that there is a significant placebo effect in a wide range of medical conditions including psychiatric disorders. This article looks at the background of the placebo effect, defines the common terms used, describes the various hypotheses that have been put forward to explain this seemingly inexplicable phenomenon and also covers the issue of using placebos in research trials, highlighting the important ethical dilemmas involved. Throughout, specific emphasis is given to psychiatry.

Ethical Considerations in the Genetic Testing Laboratory

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Groepper ◽  
Matt Bower
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Testing ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Prenatal Testing ◽  
Laboratory Setting ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Testing Laboratory ◽  
Testing Laboratories

Ethical dilemmas are commonly encountered by genetic counselors, whether in the clinical or laboratory setting. This chapter describes common ethical dilemmas, conflicts, and challenges encountered in genetic testing laboratories. These situations include genetic testing of minors for adult-onset conditions, prenatal testing, the ethical impacts of incidental findings and unexpected test results, and conflicts of interest. This chapter also explores the genetic counselor’s role in addressing ethical issues. Resources are provided for managing these ethical dilemmas within the laboratory.

Midwifery students’ reactions to ethical dilemmas encountered in outpatient clinics

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 1542-1555
Author(s):  
Serap Ejder Apay ◽  
Ayşe Gürol ◽  
Elif Yağmur Gür ◽  
Sarah Church
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Professional Ethics ◽  
Ethics Education ◽  
Moral Distress ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Intrauterine Device ◽  
Health Science ◽  
Written Information

Background: Midwives are required to make ethical decisions with the support of respective codes of professional ethics which provide a framework for decision making in clinical practice. While each midwife should be ethically aware and sensitive to the ever-changing issues within reproduction, few empirical studies have examined the views of student midwives in relation to reproductive ethical dilemmas. Objective: The aim of this study was to explore midwifery students’ reactions to a number of ethical dilemmas relating to women’s experiences of reproductive decision making. Design: A series of focus groups were conducted with midwifery students who were asked to discuss five culturally significant scenarios including issues of knowledge acquisition regarding methods of family planning, removal or insertion of an intrauterine device, and abortion. Setting: A University in Turkey was the setting for this study. Participants: Purposeful sampling was adopted which resulted in five focus groups with a total of 57 midwifery students. Ethical considerations: The study was reviewed and granted formal ethical approval by an ethical committee at the Faculty of Health Science in Atatürk University. The head of the Faculty of Health Science approved the investigation. The participants received both oral and written information about the study and they gave their consent. Results: Five themes were identified from the analysis of the focus group data related to all five scenarios. These themes were ‘the right to information’, ‘choice and protection’, ‘parental rights and welfare of the women’, ‘make a decision’ and ‘women rights and sexual abuse’. Conclusion: This study has shown that while students respected women’s choice, they also expressed great ambivalence in some situations when personal values conflict with dominant societal beliefs and professional ethics. A focus on ethics education to include human rights is suggested as a means to enable students to explore their own social-value judgements, and as a means to limit the possible development of ethical confusion and moral distress.

Speech and Language Therapy Students’ Perspectives on Ethical Dilemmas

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-103
Author(s):  
Martin Power ◽  
Rachel Leonard
Keyword(s):  
Help Seeking ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Care Practice ◽  
Speech And Language ◽  
Language Therapy ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Speech And Language Therapy ◽  
Health And Social Care ◽  
Ethics Teaching ◽  
Practice Method

Objective: Ethical dilemmas continue to be an extremely complex area of health and social care practice and concerns have been expressed that ethics teaching is often not sufficiently adequate in preparing students. A particular criticism has been that didactic teaching methods privilege the assessment of knowledge over assessment of the ability to apply that knowledge. In response, a range of approaches to teaching ethics have been proposed. This study investigated the use of an innovative online platform – the Values-Exchange™(VX™) – to explore the manner in which speech and language therapy students approached cases focused on an ethical dilemma, which they are likely to encounter in practice. Method: Participants (n=37) were Year Two and Year Four students enrolled on a four-year BSc Speech and Language Therapy programme, who completed two case studies through the VX™. Main results: The results indicate that Year Two students tended toward an absolutist approach, while Year Four students appreciated the nuances of the ethical considerations that practitioners must grapple with. Conclusion: The encouraging of peer-learning across programme years and the incorporating of opportunities for help-seeking may contribute to reducing absolutist approaches, and online platforms such as the VX™ may prove useful for collaboration and structured reflection.

Legal, Professional and Ethical Considerations of Advanced Perioperative Practice

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 177-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Quick
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Surgical Care ◽  
Initial Training ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
Legal Implications ◽  
Legal Professional

Advances within the NHS have recognised nurses in roles that go beyond the historical parameters of their initial training and role characteristics (DH 1999, DH 2000). Working within such a role creates added responsibilities of advancing practice and the continuing development of knowledge and skills. Nurses working at a higher level of practice will require an understanding of not only the professional and legal implications that new roles create, but also an awareness of the ethical dilemmas that will undoubtedly become increasingly complex (Bartter 2002). This article examines the professional, legal and ethical implications of advanced perioperative practice through the author's role as a surgical care practitioner (SCP).

The Ethical Arguments Concerning the Artificial Ventilation of Patients With Motor Neurone Disease

1996 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 317-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Anne Kent
Keyword(s):  
Caregiver Burden ◽  
Artificial Ventilation ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Informed Choice ◽  
Motor Neurone ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Motor Neurone Disease ◽  
Accurate Data ◽  
First Order ◽  
The Uk

This paper focuses on the ethical dilemmas created by advanced technology that would allow patients with motor neurone disease to be sustained by artificial ventilation. The author attempts to support the patient's right to informed choice, arguing from the perspective of autonomy as a first order principle. The counter arguments of caregiver burden and financial restraints are analysed. In the UK, where active euthanasia is not legalized, the dilemma of commencing ventilation is seen to be outweighed by the problems of withdrawing this treatment. The lack of accurate data and protocols that would clarify the current situation is emphasized and the conclusion takes the form of a recommendation for further research.

Ethical Considerations of Court-Ordered Outpatient Therapy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josh E. Becker ◽  
Audrey Cecil ◽  
Michael C. Gottlieb
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Outpatient Psychotherapy ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Outpatient Therapy ◽  
Adolescents And Adults

Court-ordered outpatient psychotherapy (COT) has been used in the criminal justice system for treatment of adolescents and adults for a number of problems such as mental illness, substance use, and sex offenses, and the number and frequency of such orders has grown at a dramatic rate. Practitioners are being asked to treat someone even though they are not free to exercise the normal duties they would have toward their voluntary patients. This circumstance creates a number of potential ethical dilemmas regarding informed consent, potential loyalty conflicts, violations of confidentiality, and the risk of therapeutic ruptures that clinicians typically do not encounter on daily basis. This chapter will explore these ethical issues and provide examples of questions practitioners should take into account when working with this population.

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