Attention Versus Learning of Online Content

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 49-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald A. Yaros ◽  
Anne E. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Text Structure ◽  
Viewing Time ◽  
Health News ◽  
News Stories ◽  
Inverted Pyramid ◽  
Eye Fixations ◽  
Pyramid Structure ◽  
Subject Experiment ◽  
Linear Text ◽  
Enhanced Learning

Previous eye tracking studies have consistently associated increased eye fixations with comprehension difficulty. However, little research has probed this relationship in more complex news stories online. This exploratory within-subject experiment exposed participants (N = 20) to different text and graphic structures in health news stories. Results suggest enhanced learning, shorter viewing time, and fewer eye fixations for a linear text structure as compared to an “inverted pyramid” text commonly used in news. Graphics interacted with text, facilitating performance in the linear conditions but inhibiting them in the inverted pyramid structure. Graphics tended to also increase viewing time and eye fixations on text only and text combined with graphics for both structure conditions. Results discuss the importance of text structure in complex news and how the data are not entirely consistent with the assumption that explanatory graphics increase understanding.

Attention Versus Learning of Online Content

2013 ◽  
pp. 132-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald A. Yaros ◽  
Anne E. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Text Structure ◽  
Viewing Time ◽  
Health News ◽  
News Stories ◽  
Inverted Pyramid ◽  
Eye Fixations ◽  
Pyramid Structure ◽  
Subject Experiment ◽  
Linear Text ◽  
Enhanced Learning

Previous eye tracking studies have consistently associated increased eye fixations with comprehension difficulty. However, little research has probed this relationship in more complex news stories online. This exploratory within-subject experiment exposed participants (N = 20) to different text and graphic structures in health news stories. Results suggest enhanced learning, shorter viewing time, and fewer eye fixations for a linear text structure as compared to an “inverted pyramid” text commonly used in news. Graphics interacted with text, facilitating performance in the linear conditions but inhibiting them in the inverted pyramid structure. Graphics tended to also increase viewing time and eye fixations on text only and text combined with graphics for both structure conditions. Results discuss the importance of text structure in complex news and how the data are not entirely consistent with the assumption that explanatory graphics increase understanding.

Men and Women Read News Differently

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miglena M. Sternadori ◽  
Kevin Wise
Keyword(s):  
Text Comprehension ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Cued Recall ◽  
Cognitive Resources ◽  
Mixed Design ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
News Stories ◽  
Inverted Pyramid ◽  
Pyramid Structure ◽  
The Common

This study explored how the structure of written news affects men and women differently in terms of cognition. In a 2 (Structure) × 2 (Story) × 2 (Sex) mixed design, participants read two inverted pyramid and two chronological news stories, each on a different topic. Dependent measures included secondary task reaction times (STRTs), cued recall, recognition accuracy, and text comprehension. Women had slower reaction times than men across stories, but a significant interaction showed their use of cognitive resources was less affected by variations in story structure. These results are discussed in the context of a comprehensibility interpretation of the STRT measure. The findings suggest that the common use of the inverted pyramid structure, which has been criticized as difficult to comprehend, may not explain the decrease in female news readers.

What Are Americans Seeing? Examining the Message Frames of Local Television Health News Stories

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 846-852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyunmin Lee ◽  
YoungAh Lee ◽  
Sun-A Park ◽  
Erin Willis ◽  
Glen T. Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Health News ◽  
News Stories ◽  
Local Television ◽  
Message Frames

scholarly journals News media stories about cancer on Facebook: How does story framing influence response framing, tone and attributions of responsibility?

2020 ◽  
pp. 136345932091281
Author(s):  
Tegan S Starr ◽  
Melissa Oxlad
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
News Media ◽  
Health News ◽  
Attributions Of Responsibility ◽  
News Stories ◽  
Personal Experiences ◽  
Societal Level ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Attributions Of Blame ◽  
Insight Into

This content analysis explored associations between the framing of cancer-related health news stories on Facebook and their corresponding comments. It was found that regardless of story framing the majority of responses involved users engaging in debate and discussion rather than sharing personal experiences. Furthermore, stories framed episodically had a greater proportion of both supportive and unsupportive comments than stories framed thematically. As predicted, episodic stories were associated with more attributions of responsibility directed towards the individual whereas thematic stories lead to more societal-level attributions of blame. Contrary to predictions, responses did not contribute towards the stigmatisation of lung cancer, instead more responses were aimed at reducing stigma for this illness. Within the findings strong beliefs about cancer treatment and management were also identified, which raises concern over the spread of misinformation. Overall, this research provided insight into the framing of cancer news and highlighted potential implications of Facebook comments.

scholarly journals Automatic Identification of Information Quality Metrics in Health News Stories

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Majed Al-Jefri ◽  
Roger Evans ◽  
Joon Lee ◽  
Pietro Ghezzi
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Natural Language Processing ◽  
Natural Language ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Information Quality ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Health News ◽  
News Stories

Objective: Many online and printed media publish health news of questionable trustworthiness and it may be difficult for laypersons to determine the information quality of such articles. The purpose of this work was to propose a methodology for the automatic assessment of the quality of health-related news stories using natural language processing and machine learning.Materials and Methods: We used a database from the website HealthNewsReview.org that aims to improve the public dialogue about health care. HealthNewsReview.org developed a set of criteria to critically analyze health care interventions' claims. In this work, we attempt to automate the evaluation process by identifying the indicators of those criteria using natural language processing-based machine learning on a corpus of more than 1,300 news stories. We explored features ranging from simple n-grams to more advanced linguistic features and optimized the feature selection for each task. Additionally, we experimented with the use of pre-trained natural language model BERT.Results: For some criteria, such as mention of costs, benefits, harms, and “disease-mongering,” the evaluation results were promising with an F1 measure reaching 81.94%, while for others the results were less satisfactory due to the dataset size, the need of external knowledge, or the subjectivity in the evaluation process.Conclusion: These used criteria are more challenging than those addressed by previous work, and our aim was to investigate how much more difficult the machine learning task was, and how and why it varied between criteria. For some criteria, the obtained results were promising; however, automated evaluation of the other criteria may not yet replace the manual evaluation process where human experts interpret text senses and make use of external knowledge in their assessment.

Craft Releases That Tell Your Research Story

2021 ◽  
pp. 125-142
Author(s):  
Dennis Meredith
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Of Interest ◽  
News Release ◽  
Inverted Pyramid ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Pyramid Structure ◽  
Interest Statement ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Technical Terms

Many editorial elements are necessary for an effective news release. They include a clear, compelling headline, a “nut graf” that tells the significance of the news, a news peg that is the reason for the release, and an inverted pyramid structure. The news release should feature concise explanations, caveats about the findings, and credit to participants and funding sources. Quotes should reflect how people really talk, and hype and subjective statements should be avoided. Technical terms should be explained, and comparative measurements to well-known quantities should be included. Also valuable are vivid metaphors, analogies, and descriptions. The release should include a clear conflict-of-interest statement. Quality images, animations, and videos can make the difference between a news release being used or not.

scholarly journals Different silicon crystal face index of inverted pyramid structure

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (22) ◽  
pp. 226801
Author(s):  
Chen Quan-Sheng ◽  
Liu Yao-Ping ◽  
Chen Wei ◽  
Zhao Yan ◽  
Wu Jun-Tao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Crystal ◽  
Crystal Face ◽  
Inverted Pyramid ◽  
Pyramid Structure

Biomedicalization and Media in Comparative Perspective: Audiences, Frames, and Actors in Norwegian, Spanish, U.K. and U.S. Health News

2020 ◽  
pp. 194016122096041
Author(s):  
Daniel C. Hallin ◽  
Tine Ustad Figenschou ◽  
Kjersti Thorbjørnsrud
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Cultural Impact ◽  
Health News ◽  
News Stories ◽  
Journalism Studies ◽  
Political Roles ◽  
Health Journalism ◽  
Institutional Relationships

This study examines health news in Norwegian, Spanish, British, and U.S. newspapers. It seeks to fill a gap in journalism studies in the examination of health news as a genre, particularly in a comparative context, and with a focus on broader social and political roles and meanings of health news, rather than effects on individual behavior. It is rooted in literatures that seek to understand health journalism in sociological terms, considering the role of health journalism in relation to institutional relationships between biomedicine, the market, and the state. It departs, in particular, from the theory of biomedicalization, which holds that the field of biomedicine, increasingly transformed into a complex, commercialized “techno-service complex,” has deep cultural impact, including the spreading of a conception of an individualized patient-consumer who will actively seek information to control risk and pursue wellness. In this article, we ask whether research on health news centered around this model, mostly carried out in the United States, is generalizable to European countries where the health system is organized primarily according to a public service model. The study considers three aspects of health news content: the implied audience of news stories, distinguishing in particular between those that address readers as patient-consumers and those that address them as citizens; the distinction among biomedical, lifestyle, and social frames for understanding health issues; and the range of actors reflected in health news as sources and as story originators.

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