Biomedicalization and Media in Comparative Perspective: Audiences, Frames, and Actors in Norwegian, Spanish, U.K. and U.S. Health News

2020 ◽  
pp. 194016122096041
Author(s):  
Daniel C. Hallin ◽  
Tine Ustad Figenschou ◽  
Kjersti Thorbjørnsrud

This study examines health news in Norwegian, Spanish, British, and U.S. newspapers. It seeks to fill a gap in journalism studies in the examination of health news as a genre, particularly in a comparative context, and with a focus on broader social and political roles and meanings of health news, rather than effects on individual behavior. It is rooted in literatures that seek to understand health journalism in sociological terms, considering the role of health journalism in relation to institutional relationships between biomedicine, the market, and the state. It departs, in particular, from the theory of biomedicalization, which holds that the field of biomedicine, increasingly transformed into a complex, commercialized “techno-service complex,” has deep cultural impact, including the spreading of a conception of an individualized patient-consumer who will actively seek information to control risk and pursue wellness. In this article, we ask whether research on health news centered around this model, mostly carried out in the United States, is generalizable to European countries where the health system is organized primarily according to a public service model. The study considers three aspects of health news content: the implied audience of news stories, distinguishing in particular between those that address readers as patient-consumers and those that address them as citizens; the distinction among biomedical, lifestyle, and social frames for understanding health issues; and the range of actors reflected in health news as sources and as story originators.

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 205630512110088
Author(s):  
Colin Agur ◽  
Lanhuizi Gan

Scholars have recognized emotion as an increasingly important element in the reception and retransmission of online information. In the United States, because of existing differences in ideology, among both audiences and producers of news stories, political issues are prone to spark considerable emotional responses online. While much research has explored emotional responses during election campaigns, this study focuses on the role of online emotion in social media posts related to day-to-day governance in between election periods. Specifically, this study takes the 2018–2019 government shutdown as its subject of investigation. The data set shows the prominence of journalistic and political figures in leading the discussion of news stories, the nuance of emotions employed in the news frames, and the choice of pro-attitudinal news sharing.


2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory Gondwe ◽  
Evan Rowe ◽  
Evariste Some

This exploratory study contributes to the literature on numeracy in digital journalism studies by theoretically incorporating the audience/news consumers. While most studies have focused on journalists’ perception and role in the use of numeracy, this study examines how audience perceive stories with numerical values. Through an experimental design, and by comparing the United States, Zambia, and Tanzania, the study was able to demonstrate that news stories with numerical values diminished audience/readers’ affective consumption. In other words, news stories with numerical values were negatively associated with audience appeal. However, individuals with a lower understanding of probabilistic and numerical concepts seemed to trust news stories with numbers more than those with a higher level of numeracy. This was especially true in Zambia and Tanzania where most participants recorded lower numeracy levels. The overall sample in all the three countries seemed to favor news stories with less or no numeracy.


1999 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Varon ◽  
Lynn Mack-Shipman

Abstract Diabetes mellitus, specifically type 2 diabetes, is one of the major public health issues facing the world in the 21st Century. This article summarizes the rapid changes in the management of diabetes and its impact on dental practice. The reader will find many “hyperlinks” to other diabetes information on the Internet throughout this article as these links provide greater detail. The incidence of type 1 diabetes has increased slowly, while that of type 2 diabetes has increased explosively. The worldwide incidence of type 2 is likely to double by the year 2010 due in large part to changing lifestyles, longer life expectancy, and rapid growth of ethnic and racial populations that have high prevalence rates. There are 15.7 million people or 5.9% of the population in the United States who have diabetes. While an estimated 10.3 million have been diagnosed, it is unfortunate that 5.4 million people are not aware they have the disease. Diabetic dental patient management strategies are presented. Dental professionals are urged to remain current in their knowledge of this disease in order to provide proper care for their patients.


2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishma Carreira ◽  
Sebastião Squirra

A explosão de dados digitais e o avanço do campo da Inteligência Artificial permitiram o surgimento de algoritmos capazes de redigir e distribuir automaticamente notícias jornalísticas com rapidez e de forma customizada. A automatizacão da produção de narrativas entrega textos básicos, objetivos e sem sofisticação, formatando a função de jornalistas e contribui para a ampliação da chamada "bolha de filtros" definida por Eli Pariser. Neste texto, procuramos demonstrar que ao adotar a automação, redações nos Estados Unidos, Europa e China passaram a usar a lógica do bom suficiente, demonstrada por Robert Capps. Ou seja, a automatização da elaboração de notícias pode estar sendo adotada unicamente por seu caráter "industrial" e pelo custo radicalmente reduzido, não priorizando a diversificação, a cultura e a qualidade humana dos relatos. As reflexões centram-se em pesquisa bibliográfica de caráter exploratório e interdisciplinar, a partir da abordagem da Teoria Ator-Rede. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Jornalismo automatizado; robôs e jornalismo; algoritmo jornalista; futuro do jornalismo. ABSTRACT The explosion of digital data and the advance of the field of Artificial Intelligence allowed the emergence of algorithms capable of automatically writing and distributing news stories quickly and in a customized way. The automation of narrative production delivers basic, objective and unsophisticated texts, shaping the role of journalists and contributes to the expansion of the so-called "filter bubble" defined by Eli Pariser. In this text, we try to demonstrate that in adopting automation, essays in the United States, Europe and China have come to use the logic of good enough, demonstrated by Robert Capps. That is to say, the automation of the elaboration of news can be adopted solely by its "industrial" character and by the radically reduced cost, not prioritizing the diversification, the culture and the human quality of the stories. The reflections center on bibliographic research of an exploratory and interdisciplinary character, based on the approach of the Theory-Actor Network. KEYWORDS: Automated journalism; robots and journalism; journalism algorithm; future of journalism RESUMEN La explosión de datos digitales y el avance del campo de la inteligencia artificial han permitido el surgimiento de algoritmos capaces de escribir y distribuir automaticamente las noticias periodísticas con velocidad y de una manera personalizada. La automatización de la producción de narrativas entrega escritos básicos, objetivos y poco sofisticados, formateando la función de los periodistas y colabora con la ampliación de la llamada “burbuja de filtros”, definida por Eli Pariser. En este texto, buscamos demostrar que, mediante la adopción de la automatizaciones, las redacciones de los periódicos en Estados Unidos, Europa y China comenzaron a utilizar la lógica de que es “bueno lo suficiente”, demostrada por Robert Capps. Es decir, la automatización de la preparación de las noticias puede estar siendo adoptada unicamente por su carácter “industrial” y por el costo radicalmente reducido, no priorizando, de esta manera, la diversificación, la cultura y la calidad humana de los relatos. Las reflexiones se encuentran centradas en la búsqueda bibliográfica de carácter exploratorio e interdisciplinario con base en el abordaje de la Teoría Actor-Red. PALABRAS CLAVE: Periodismo automatizado; robots y periodismo; algoritmo de periodista; futuro del periodismo.


2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Dara M. Bier

Although often overshadowed by breast cancer and other women’s health issues, stroke is a primary cause of mortality and morbidity among women in the United States today. This article explores three major populations of women: postmenopausal women who are taking hormone-replacement therapy, women ingesting estrogen-containing oralcontraceptive pills, and women who are currently pregnant. It compiles recent research and physiologic information that can aid in assessing these women’s risk for stroke. This review can help healthcare providers evaluate and manage these populations, and assess the health risks and benefits of certain estrogen-containing therapies.


Author(s):  
NIng Li ◽  
Don E. Kash

This chapter investigates the role of information and knowledge management in innovation of complex technologies. A conceptual framework for three patterns of technological innovation (normal, transitional, and transformational) is presented, and the process of information and knowledge management in accessing and using knowledge is analyzed. Particularly, emphasis is put on the cultural impact on the information and knowledge management processes. Five case studies of evolving technologies carried out in the United States, Japan, Germany, India, and China are used to elaborate the conceptual framework and key points presented in this chapter. Lessons for managers and public policymakers concerned with facilitating the innovation of technologies are discussed.


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-103
Author(s):  
Paul Aron

FR. L’envoyé spécial n’est jamais étudié en tant que catégorie spécifique par les études sur le journalisme. Il est tantôt considéré pour sa spécialité (par exemple politique internationale), son statut dans le journal (grand reporter ou pigiste), tantôt pour son genre d’écriture (grand reportage, chronique). L’appellation semble ainsi transparente, voire insignifiante. Mon article tente d’en cerner l’usage dans le cadre de la presse sportive. Dans un premier temps, il fait la distinction entre l’expression au singulier et au pluriel et il montre la fréquence de son usage grâce à une analyse numérique. Dans un second temps, il étudie la variété de ses emplois à propos d’un événement particulier : le reportage du Tour de France. L’analyse met en évidence des interventions que l’on peut qualifier de kaléidoscopiques, figurées dans l’espace même du journal par la typographie et l’éclatement entre plusieurs pages plus ou moins clairement consacrées au sport ou à l’événement particulier du Tour. Ce phénomène est par ailleurs multiplié par les liens que le journal quotidien entretient avec d’autres médias (photos, radios, magazines). En conclusion, il apparaît que l’envoyé spécial est une catégorie proprement journalistique, qui n’a pas d’utilité à l’extérieur de la publication périodique. Alors que nombre d’acteurs de la presse ou de rubriques existent à côté ou en dehors de celle-ci — on peut publier des reportages, des chroniques, des feuilletons sous forme d’ouvrages —l’envoyé spécial est par nature lié à un événement qui justifie et absorbe sa raison d’être. Il redevient journaliste, écrivain ou simple témoin dès que cette actualité est achevée ou dès que son rôle immédiat s’achève. *** EN. The figure of the special correspondent has never been considered by journalism studies as a specific category. Instead, special correspondents are generally categorized by field of expertise (foreign affairs for instance), the position held in the newsroom (senior reporter or freelancer), or the type of articles written (reportage, column, interviews, etc.). This categorization might seem unnoticeable, even anecdotal. This article attempts to identify its use in the context of the sports press. First, we make a distinction between the singular and the plural forms of this expression. We also highlight the frequency of their use through numerical analysis. Second, the diversity of its uses is studied in the context of a particular event: the Tour de France. The analysis highlights how contributions by correspondents constitute a kaleidoscope that takes shape through the typography and the presence of the topic in multiple pages in a newspaper, might the content be centered on the cycling performances or on the Tour as a social event. This phenomenon is amplified through links connecting daily newspapers and other media (photos, radio, magazines). Finally, the figure of the correspondent appears to be a category strictly limited to journalism and has no relevance outside the sphere of periodical publishing. While a number of press actors and sections also exists outside the world of journalism - reportages, column or news stories can also be published as books - the correspondent is by nature anchored to an event that justifies and absorbs his or her raison d'être. He or she becomes again a journalist, a writer or a simple witness, as soon as the event is over or as soon as the role of correspondent comes to an end. *** PT. O enviado especial nunca é analisado enquanto categoria específica pelos estudos de jornalismo. O termo, ora considerado por sua especialidade (por exemplo, na política internacional), ora por seu status no jornal (grande repórter ou freelancer), ora por seu gênero de escrita (grande reportagem, crônica), se torna transparente ou até insignificante. O presente artigo busca apreender seu uso no contexto da imprensa esportiva. Num primeiro momento, busca-se distinguir as formas singular e plural do termo e levantar sua frequência de uso por meio da análise de corpus. Depois, investiga-se a variação de seus usos em relação a um evento particular: a cobertura do Tour de France. A análise identifica ocorrências que podem ser descritas como caleidoscópicas, editadas no próprio espaço do jornal pela tipografia e pela divisão em múltiplas páginas, mais ou menos claramente dedicadas ao esporte ou ao evento particular do Tour. Esse fenômeno é também multiplicado pelos vínculos que o jornal diário estabelece com outros meios de comunicação (fotos, rádio, revistas). Em conclusão, ressalta-se que o enviado especial é uma categoria propriamente jornalística, desprovida de utilidade para além da publicação periódica. Enquanto muitos atores ou seções da imprensa coexistem ao lado ou fora dela - relatórios, crônicas e séries podem ser publicados em forma de livros -, o enviado especial vincula-se por natureza a um evento que justifica e absorve sua razão de ser. Ele volta a ser jornalista, escritor ou simples testemunha ao final do evento ou assim que seu papel imediato foi concluído. ***


2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 97-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Smita C. Banerjee ◽  
Kathryn Greene ◽  
Marina Krcmar ◽  
Zhanna Bagdasarov ◽  
Dovile Ruginyte

This study demonstrates the significance of individual difference factors, particularly gender and sensation seeking, in predicting media choice (examined through hypothetical descriptions of films that participants anticipated they would view). This study used a 2 (Positive mood/negative mood) × 2 (High arousal/low arousal) within-subject design with 544 undergraduate students recruited from a large northeastern university in the United States. Results showed that happy films and high arousal films were preferred over sad films and low-arousal films, respectively. In terms of gender differences, female viewers reported a greater preference than male viewers for happy-mood films. Also, male viewers reported a greater preference for high-arousal films compared to female viewers, and female viewers reported a greater preference for low-arousal films compared to male viewers. Finally, high sensation seekers reported a preference for high-arousal films. Implications for research design and importance of exploring media characteristics are discussed.


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