Aerial and Remote Sensing Archaeology

New techniques and methodological procedures, which would allow at a short time and at low cost for the identification of a new archaeological site, were always in the interest of archaeologists. In this paper, aerial and remote sensing archaeology issues will be analyzed, both as measuring tools for the documentation of existing archaeological structures as well as tools of archaeology prospection, which are based on the appearance of the reflection of covered structures in images, i.e. the so-called marks.

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Aerial and Remote Sensing Archaeology

Applying Innovative Technologies in Heritage Science - Advances in Religious and Cultural Studies ◽

10.4018/978-1-7998-2871-6.ch002 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 16-40

Author(s):

Dimitris Kaimaris ◽

Charalampos Georgiadis ◽

Petros Patias ◽

Vasilis Tsioukas

Keyword(s):

Remote Sensing ◽

Low Cost ◽

3D Modelling ◽

Research Topic ◽

Archaeological Sites ◽

Timely Manner ◽

New Techniques ◽

Methodological Procedures ◽

Short Time ◽

Remote Sensing Archaeology

New techniques and methodological procedures, which would allow at a short time and at low cost for the identification of a new archaeological sites, were always in the interest of archaeologists. In addition, fast and accurate 3D modelling and documentation techniques were also always a hot research topic because they can help archeologists to document active excavation sites fast, thus helping them to advance the excavation in a timely manner. In this chapter, aerial and remote sensing archaeology issues will be analyzed, both as measuring tools for the documentation of existing archaeological structures as well as tools of archaeology prospection, which are based on the appearance of the reflection of covered structures in images (i.e., the so-called marks).

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Can we Monitor Height of Native Grasslands in Uruguay with Earth Observation?

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs11151801 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (15) ◽

pp. 1801

Author(s):

Guadalupe Tiscornia ◽

Walter Baethgen ◽

Andrea Ruggia ◽

Martín Do Carmo ◽

Pietro Ceccato

Keyword(s):

Remote Sensing ◽

Structural Characteristics ◽

Low Cost ◽

Field Measurements ◽

Earth Observation ◽

Grazing Management ◽

Large Variability ◽

Native Grasslands ◽

Short Time ◽

Activity Information

In countries where livestock production based on native grasslands is an important economic activity, information on structural characteristics of forage is essential to support national policies and decisions at the farm level. Remote sensing is a good option for quantifying large areas in a relative short time, with low cost and with the possibility of analyzing annual evolution. This work aims at contributing to improve grazing management, by evaluating the ability of remote sensing information to estimate forage height, as an estimator of available biomass. Field data (forage height) of 20 commercial paddocks under grazing conditions (322 samples), and their relation to MODIS data (FPAR, LAI, MIR, NIR, Red, NDVI and EVI) were analyzed. Correlations between remote sensing information and field measurements were low, probably due to the extremely large variability found within each paddock for field observations (CV: Around 75%) and much lower when considering satellite information (MODIS: CV: 4%–6% and Landsat:CV: 12%). Despite this, the red band showed some potential (with significant correlation coefficient values in 41% of the paddocks) and justifies further exploration. Additional work is needed to find a remote sensing method that can be used to monitor grasslands height.

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A Low Cost Rokkaku Kite Setup for Aerial Photogrammetric System

ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences ◽

10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-3-w2-103-2015 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol XL-3/W2 ◽

pp. 103-108 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A. F. Khan ◽

K. Khurshid ◽

N. Saleh ◽

A. A. Yousuf

Keyword(s):

Remote Sensing ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Large Scale ◽

Imaging System ◽

Low Cost ◽

Control Point ◽

Archaeological Site ◽

Small Scale ◽

Target Area ◽

Small Areas

Orthogonally Projected Area (OPA) of a geographical feature has primarily been studied utilizing rather time consuming field based sampling techniques. Remote sensing on the contrary provides the ability to acquire large scale data at a snapshot of time and lets the OPA to be calculated conveniently and with reasonable accuracy. Unfortunately satellite based remote sensing provides data at high cost and limited spatial resolution for scientific studies focused at small areas such as micro lakes micro ecosystems, etc. More importantly, recent satellite data may not be readily available for a particular location. This paper describes a low cost photogrammetric system to measure the OPA of a small scale geographic feature such as a plot of land, micro lake or an archaeological site, etc. Fitted with a consumer grade digital imaging system, a Rokkaku kite aerial platform with stable flight characteristics is designed and fabricated for image acquisition. The data processing procedure involves automatic Ground Control Point (GCP) detection, intelligent target area shape determination with minimal human input. A Graphical User Interface (GUI) is built from scratch in MATLAB to allow the user to conveniently process the acquired data, archive and retrieve the results. Extensive on-field experimentation consists of multiple geographic features including flat land surfaces, buildings, undulating rural areas, and an irregular shaped micro lake, etc. Our results show that the proposed system is not only low cost, but provides a framework that is easy and fast to setup while maintaining the required constraints on the accuracy.

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Revealing Archaeological Sites under Mediterranean Forest Canopy Using LiDAR: El Viandar Castle (husum) in El Hoyo (Belmez-Córdoba, Spain)

Drones ◽

10.3390/drones5030072 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 72

Author(s):

Antonio Monterroso-Checa ◽

Juan Carlos Moreno-Escribano ◽

Massimo Gasparini ◽

José Alejandro Conejo-Moreno ◽

José Luis Domínguez-Jiménez

Keyword(s):

Remote Sensing ◽

Middle Ages ◽

Forest Canopy ◽

Low Cost ◽

Archaeological Site ◽

Airborne Lidar ◽

Mediterranean Forest ◽

Free Access ◽

Private Land ◽

Archaeological Prospection

Light detection and Ranging (LiDAR) technology is a valuable tool for archaeological prospection in areas covered by dense vegetation. Its capacity to penetrate dense forest environments enables it to detect archaeological remains scattered over orographically complex areas. LiDAR-derived digital terrain models (DTMs) have made an exceptional contribution towards identifying topographic landscapes of archaeological interest. In this study, we focus on an area of intense historic settlement from the Chalcolithic to the Middle Ages, which today is completely covered by Mediterranean forest. Due to the dense canopy, and the fact that it is a protected area on private land, it has never been analyzed. To reveal the settlement, we primarily used a series of LiDAR mapping surveys to gather data and analyzed other open access remote sensing resources from the National Geographic Institute of Spain (IGN). The IGN LiDAR data proved to be of particular interest. These resources enabled us to detect an ancient fortress (El Viandar Castle) and its surrounding settlement. LiDAR, in conjunction with other products, was fundamental in identifying the site. Equally, the mapping surveys enabled us to analyze the limits and scope of the IGN airborne LiDAR and other free access remote sensing products. Our background in this research demonstrates that low-cost products applied to LiDAR research in archaeology have major limitations when it is necessary to have a high level of spatial resolution in order to define the layout and the main components of an archaeological site.

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Low-Cost Hardware Implementation of Human Blood Identification Device Using Feed-Forward Artificial Neural Network on FPGA

10.31227/osf.io/dp63x ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Rizki Eka Putri ◽

Denny Darlis

Keyword(s):

Neural Network ◽

Artificial Neural Network ◽

Low Cost ◽

Image Resolution ◽

Blood Type ◽

Feed Forward ◽

Testing Facility ◽

System Input ◽

Artificial Neural ◽

Short Time

This article was under review for ICELTICS 2018 -- In the medical world there is still service dissatisfaction caused by lack of blood type testing facility. If the number of tested blood arise, a lot of problems will occur so that electronic devices are needed to determine the blood type accurately and in short time. In this research we implemented an Artificial Neural Network on Xilinx Spartan 3S1000 Field Programable Gate Array using XSA-3S Board to identify the blood type. This research uses blood sample image as system input. VHSIC Hardware Discription Language is the language to describe the algorithm. The algorithm used is feed-forward propagation of backpropagation neural network. There are 3 layers used in design, they are input, hidden1, and output. At hidden1layer has two neurons. In this study the accuracy of detection obtained are 92%, 92%, 92%, 90% and 86% for 32x32, 48x48, 64x64, 80x80, and 96x96 pixel blood image resolution, respectively.

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Robust Test Method of TSOP PEMs for Space Application

ISTFA 2019: Conference Proceedings from the 45th International Symposium for Testing and Failure Analysis ◽

10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2019p0513 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Yasunobu Iwai ◽

Koichi Shinozaki ◽

Daiki Tanaka

Keyword(s):

Evaluation Method ◽

Low Cost ◽

Reliability Evaluation ◽

Test Method ◽

Thermal Shock Test ◽

Space Application ◽

Space Applications ◽

Limit Test ◽

Long Time ◽

Short Time

Abstract Compared with space parts, consumer parts are highly functional, low cost, compact and lightweight. Therefore, their increased usage in space applications is expected. Prior testing and evaluation on space applicability are necessary because consumer parts do not have quality guarantees for space application [1]. However, in the conventional reliability evaluation method, the test takes a long time, and the problem is that the robustness of the target sample can’t be evaluated in a short time. In this report, we apply to the latest TSOP PEM (Thin Small Outline Package Plastic Encapsulated Microcircuit) an evaluation method that combines preconditioning and HALT (Highly Accelerated Limit Test), which is a test method that causes failures in a short time under very severe environmental conditions. We show that this method can evaluate the robustness of TSOP PEMs including solder connections in a short time. In addition, the validity of this evaluation method for TSOP PEM is shown by comparing with the evaluation results of thermal shock test and life test, which are conventional reliability evaluation methods.

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Evolution of Surge-Type Glaciers in the Yangtze River Headwater Using Multi-Source Remote Sensing Data

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs11242991 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (24) ◽

pp. 2991 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jin Yan ◽

Mingyang Lv ◽

Zhixing Ruan ◽

Shiyong Yan ◽

Guang Liu

Keyword(s):

Remote Sensing ◽

Flow Velocity ◽

Yangtze River ◽

Stable State ◽

Remote Sensing Data ◽

Radar Data ◽

Series Data ◽

The Yangtze River ◽

Glacier Surges ◽

Short Time

A surge-type glacier is a special and dangerous type of glacier, which can advance quickly in a short-time with cycles. Glaciers in the Yangtze River headwater are generally acknowledged to be in a stable state. However, not all of those glaciers are stable. In this paper, five glaciers from the Yangtze River headwater glacier were selected as the experimental subjects, and multi-source remote sensing images were used to study and analyze the surge behavior over the past 30 years. Based on the Landsat series data, ERS-2, and ENVISAT radar data, this paper extracts the glacier centerline information, glacial area information, and glacial flow velocity during different time periods from 1988 to 2018, which are used to monitor the active periods of glacier surges. We found three surge-type glaciers in the study area. The glacial characteristics of the three glaciers showed some drastic changes, they can advance quickly nearly 800 m in active periods, their area change can reach 2.0 × 106 m2, and their flow velocity can suddenly increase by dozens of times. Surging periods and the initiated time of the three glaciers are different, which are locked in 1997, 2003, and 1997–1998. All those surges ended within one to two years. We suggest that the surges in this paper are dominated by hydrological conditions.

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