Disruptions in the Upstream Palm Oil Supply Chain – A case of Covid-19 Impact on Upstream Intermediaries in Malaysia

2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Security Risk ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Oil Supply ◽  
Health Organization

The COVID-19 pandemic had a global impact since it was first discovered in late 2019, in Wuhan, China. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), COVID-19 has affected over 179 million people and killed approximately 3.9 million people in more than 200 countries across the globe (WHO,2021). This outbreak has not only affected people’s lives but also disrupted global supply chains. It has shown significant effects on businesses, consumers, and the global economy. Fear of the virus has led to many companies scrambling to respond regarding employees’ job security, ensuring supply security, risk mitigation strategy, and addressing market uncertainties that are driving down demand. Broadly, the objective of this article is to highlight issues faced by the upstream palm oil supply chain actors during this pandemic. Based on the problem, the study concluded that some forms of actions (short-term & long-term) have been proposed to ensure an agile palm oil supply chain.

scholarly journals COVID-19 pandemic. Effects of stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 16-24
Author(s):  
Elena S. Akarachkova ◽  
◽  
Anton A. Beliaev ◽  
Dmitrii V. Blinov ◽  
Evgenii V. Bugorskii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Preventive Health Care ◽  
Preventive Health ◽  
World Health ◽  
Social Stability ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Health Organization

World Health Organization declared COVID-19 outbreak a pandemic on March 11, 2020. Fear of illness, self-isolation/quarantine, and reduced quality of life dramatically increased the prevalence of stress-related disorders in the population. Therefore, it is necessary to implement the preventive health-care measures aimed at short-term and long-term COVID-19 pandemic consequences reduction and promotion of social stability.

scholarly journals Does Zero-COVID neglect health disparities?

2021 ◽  
pp. medethics-2021-107763
Author(s):  
Nancy S Jecker ◽  
Derrick K S Au
Keyword(s):  
Health Equity ◽  
World Health ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Us ◽  
Community Transmission ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Ethical Basis

Since the World Health Organization (WHO) first declared the novel coronavirus a pandemic, diverse strategies have emerged to address it. This paper focuses on two leading strategies, elimination and mitigation, and examines their ethical basis. Elimination or ‘Zero-COVID’ dominates policies in Pacific Rim societies. It sets as a goal zero deaths and seeks to contain transmission using stringent short-term lockdowns, followed by strict find, test, trace and isolate methods. Mitigation, which dominates in the US and most European nations, sets targets for community transmission and lifts restrictions once targets are met. This approach takes calculated risks and regards a certain amount of disease and death as ethically justified. Section I examines different societal responses to risk that underlie these different policy approaches. Section II focuses on ethical arguments favouring Zero-COVID and raises health equity objections. Section III proposes a long-term strategy that balances the twin goals of promoting population health and health equity.

scholarly journals Mortality and long-term course in schizophrenia with a poor 2-year course

2001 ◽  
Vol 178 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramin Mojtabai ◽  
Ezra Susser ◽  
Vijoy K. Varma ◽  
Savita Malhotra ◽  
Surendra K. Mattoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Developing Country ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
World Health ◽  
Severe Mental Disorders ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
First Contact

BackgroundThe short-term course of schizophrenia is reported to be better in some developing country settings. The long-term course in such settings, however, has rarely been studied.AimsTo examine the long-term course and mortality of schizophrenia in patients with a poor 2-year course.MethodThe report is based on two incidence cohorts of first-contact patients in urban and rural Chandigarh, India, originally recruited for the World Health Organization Determinants of Outcome of Severe Mental Disorders study. Patients were assessed using standardised instruments at 2- and 15-year follow-ups.ResultsNinety-two per cent of the patients with a poor 2-year course had a poor long-term course and 47% died – a nine times higher mortality rate than among patients with other 2-year course types.ConclusionsIn this developing country setting, a poor 2-year course was strongly predictive of poor prognosis and high mortality, raising questions about the adequacy of care for such patients.

scholarly journals Lockdown effect on COVID-19 incidence and death: Iran experience

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Sajad Delavari ◽  
Zahra Jamali ◽  
Mohsen Bayati
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Interrupted Time Series ◽  
World Health ◽  
Interrupted Time Series Analysis ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Daily Data ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Background: Countries are trying several policy options for decreasing the incidence and burden of the COVID-19. One of these strategies is a lockdown, complete closure, to reduce the risk of distributing disease via social interactions. This study aimed to analyze the effect of a three-week lockdown on the mortality and morbidity of the COVID-19 in Iran. Methods: Official daily data on COVID-19 incidence and death reported on the COVID-19 by the World Health Organization (WHO) were extracted from September 1, 2020, to January 14, 2021. Data were analyzed using interrupted time series analysis via STATA 14 software. Results: Lockdown resulted in a significant reduction in the daily death from Covid-19 in the short-term (β=-139, P<0.01) and in the long-term (β=-12, P<0.01). Moreover, lockdown in the short-term insignificantly (β=-21.58, P=0.969), and in the long-term significantly (β=-317.31, P<0.01) reduced the Covid-19 daily incidence. Discussion: The results showed that the lockdown has a significant effect on incidence and death numbers. Therefore, it could be a suitable short-term strategy for controlling the COVID-19 outbreak. On the other hand, its negative effects on households and businesses should be considered.

scholarly journals Persistent or long-term coronavirus infection in Australian bats

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig Smith
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
World Health ◽  
Financial Costs ◽  
The World ◽  
Natural Hosts ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Health Organization

When the World Health Organization declared the end of the global outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) on the 5 July 2003, more than 8000 cases with over 800 fatalities had been reported in 32 countries worldwide and financial costs to the global economy were close to $US40 billion1,2. Coronaviruses were identified as being responsible for the outbreaks of both SARS and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS, the latter in 2013). Subsequently, bats (order Chiroptera) were identified as the natural hosts for a large number of novel and genetically diverse coronaviruses, including the likely ancestors to SARS-like and MERS-like coronaviruses3–8.

scholarly journals HORMONE EXAMINATION IN MENOPAUSE

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 233
Author(s):  
Ferdy Royland Marpaung ◽  
Trieva Verawaty Butarbutar ◽  
Sidarti Soehita
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Feedback Mechanism ◽  
World Health ◽  
Reproductive Aging ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Gonadotropin Secretion ◽  
Ovary Function ◽  
Health Organization

World Health Organization (WHO) and Stages of Reproductive Aging Workshop (STRAW) define menopause as a permanent end point of menstrual cycle that occurs naturally or by induction of surgical procedure, chemotherapy, or radiation. Clinically, menopause involved women over 40 or 50 years old. Approximately, fifty million women in the world is experiencing menopause annually. The etiology of menopause is classified into physiologic and non-physiologic. Pathophysiology of menopause includes decline of ovary function in menopause, response to loss of ovarian feedback mechanism, decline of hypothalamus and pituitary function. Endocrine changes in menopause lead to alteration of gonadotropin secretion cycle patterns, changes in steroid and peptide hormones through monophasic patterns to increase gonadotropin, decrease of estrogen, progesterone and inhibin. Clinical symptoms of menopause or estrogen deficiency syndrome classified into short term clinical symptoms and long term clinical symptoms. Hormonal examination in menopause consist of Follicular Stimulating Hormone (FSH), Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH), Luteinizing Hormone (LH), Inhibin B and Estradiol. The important of time to examine the hormones should be considered carefully.

scholarly journals An Assessment of the Smart COVID-19 Approach to Lockdown and its Empirical Evidence

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Ghaffar ◽  
Mubbasher Munir ◽  
Osama Aziz ◽  
Rada Alhajj ◽  
Asif Sanaullah
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
World Health ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Virus Spread ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Precautionary Measures ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Second Wave

COVID-19 is a new and contagious disease that has changed human lifestyle and habits globally according to the directions provided by the World Health Organization (WHO). Until some authentic remedy or vaccine becomes available, every country is providing instructions to its public to follow precautionary measures. These measures may include lockdown, social distancing, restricting movement, and educating public about COVID-19. Lockdown is the most applied and successful way to control the virus spread and it remains helpful in curtailing the spike. However, it adversely affects developing countries like Pakistan. All types of lockdown disrupt the life of the poor and the middle class. In this paper, an intelligent-smart approach is suggested for developing countries as against complete lockdown to handle the pandemic. This approach will show the long-term results needed for controlling COVID-19 without creating any major disturbance in the economy. In this paper, evidence based approaches were used to evaluate the short-term and long-term effects of the daily increasing number of cases of COVID-19 in Pakistan. The results showed that Sindh, which has the maximum number of COVID-19 cases, is better in implementing smart lockdown as compared to other administrative regions of Pakistan. As the risk of the second wave of COVID-19 is enhanced, it would be effective to continue the intelligent-smart approach with mild SOPs to avoid the disastrous effects of COVID-19 in the future. Received Date: May 14, 2020, Last Received:  December 10, 2020 Acceptance:  December  25, 2020  

Post COVID-19 Potentials and Innovation: The Future Supply Chain

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 1054-1057
Author(s):  
Bindu Swetha Pasuluri ◽  
Anuradha S G ◽  
Manga J ◽  
Deepak Karanam
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
World Wide ◽  
World Health ◽  
Future Supply ◽  
Entire World ◽  
Health Organization

An unanticipated outburst of pneumonia of inexperienced in Wuhan, , China stated in December 2019. World health organization has recognized pathogen and termed it COVID-19. COVID-19 turned out to be a severe urgency in the entire world. The influence of this viral syndrome is now an intensifying concern. Covid-19 has changed our mutual calculus of ambiguity. It is more world-wide in possibility, more deeply , and much more difficult than any catastrophe that countries and organizations have ever faced. The next normal requires challenging ambiguity head-on and building it into decision-making. It is examined that every entity involved in running supply chains would require through major as employee, product, facility protocols, and transport would have to be in place. It is an urgent need of structuring to apply the lessons well-read for our supply chain setup. With higher managers now being aware of the intrinsic hazards in their supply chain, key and suggestions-recommendations will help to guide leader to commit to a newly planned, more consistent supply chain setup. Besides, the employees’ mental health is also a great concern.

Impact of FII’s and FDI’s on Indian Stock Market

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Kamlesh Kumar Shukla
Keyword(s):  
Stock Market ◽  
Financial Markets ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Earnings Growth ◽  
The Past ◽  
Bull Market ◽  
Indian Stock Market

FIIs are companies registered outside India. In the past four years there has been more than $41 trillion worth of FII funds invested in India. This has been one of the major reasons on the bull market witnessing unprecedented growth with the BSE Sensex rising 221% in absolute terms in this span. The present downfall of the market too is influenced as these FIIs are taking out some of their invested money. Though there is a lot of value in this market and fundamentally there is a lot of upside in it. For long-term value investors, there’s little because for worry but short term traders are adversely getting affected by the role of FIIs are playing at the present. Investors should not panic and should remain invested in sectors where underlying earnings growth has little to do with financial markets or global economy.

scholarly journals Psychometric validation of the Chinese version of the PaArticular Scales among elderly residents in long-term care facilities with joint contractures

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-chang Chen ◽  
Keh-chung Lin ◽  
Chen-Jung Chen ◽  
Shu-Hui Yeh ◽  
Ay-Woan Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Chinese Version ◽  
World Health ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Joint Contractures ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Background Joint contractures, which affect activity, participation, and quality of life, are common complications of neurological conditions among elderly residents in long-term care facilities. This study examined the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the PaArticular Scales in a population with joint contractures. Methods A cross-sectional study design was used. The sample included elderly residents older than 64 years with joint contractures in an important joint who had lived at one of 12 long-term care facilities in Taiwan for more than 6 months (N = 243). The Chinese version of the PaArticular Scales for joint contractures was generated from the English version through five stages: translation, review, back-translation, review by a panel of specialists, and a pretest. Test-retest reliability, internal consistency reliability, construct validity, and criterion validity were evaluated, and the results were compared with those for the World Health Organization Quality of Life scale and the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule. Results The Chinese version of the PaArticular Scales had excellent reliability, with a Cronbach α coefficient of 0.975 (mean score, 28.98; standard deviation, 17.34). An exploratory factor analysis showed three factors and one factor with an eigenvalue > 1 that explained 75.176 and 62.83 % of the total variance in the Activity subscale and Participation subscale, respectively. The subscale-to-total scale correlation analysis showed Pearson correlation coefficients of 0.881 for the Activity subscale and 0.843 for the Participation subscale. Pearson’s product-moment correlation revealed that the correlation coefficient (r) between the Chinese version of the PaArticular Scales and the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule was 0.770, whereas that for the World Health Organization Quality of Life scale was − 0.553; these values were interpreted as large coefficients. Conclusions The underlying theoretical model of the Chinese version of the PaArticular Scales functions well in Taiwan and has acceptable levels of reliability and validity. However, the Chinese version must be further tested for applicability and generalizability in future studies, preferably with a larger sample and in different clinical domains.

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