Telecommunication Network Performances and Evaluation of Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Radiation

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 16-37
Author(s):  
Jazuli S. Kazaure ◽  
Ugochukwu O. Matthew ◽  
Nwamaka U. Okafor ◽  
Ogobuchi Daniel Okey
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Telecommunication Network ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Health Hazards ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Access Points ◽  
North West ◽  
Wireless Fidelity

The ongoing mobile communication technology intensification had occasioned the inevitable multiplications in the ratio of the radio frequency base service stations which had raised public consciousness over the considerable health hazards of the radioactive emissions from the communication systems. The current paper analysed the sequences of electromagnetic field measurements performed on the selected three states in the North West Nigeria in order to establish the compliance of radiation levels of cellular base stations and wireless fidelity access points with respect to internationally approved recommendations. The measured power densities of wireless fidelity access points are minimal and do not surpass 1% of the level allowed by International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation (ICNIRP). The result confirmed the environmental safety of the RF energy maintained by the telecommunication operators within the general public indicating an insignificant health hazards to the citizens.

ASSESSING THE COMPLIANCE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS RADIATED BY BASE STATIONS AND WIFI ACCESS POINTS WITH INTERNATIONAL GUIDELINES ON UNIVERSITY CAMPUS

2020 ◽  
Vol 192 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Sajedeh Keshmiri ◽  
Neda Gholampour ◽  
Vahid Mohtashami
Keyword(s):  
Exposure Assessment ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Radiation Level ◽  
International Telecommunication Union ◽  
International Guidelines ◽  
Access Points ◽  
International Telecommunication ◽  
Measured Power

Abstract This paper presents a series of electromagnetic field measurements performed on the campus of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in order to assess the compliance of radiation levels of cellular base stations and WiFi access points with international guidelines. A calibrated, broadband and isotropic probe is used and recommendations of International Telecommunication Union (ITU) are followed up throughout measurements. More than 300 outdoor and indoor locations have been systematically chosen for measurements. The recorded data are post-processed and compared with the guideline of International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP). Measured power densities of WiFi access points are low and do not exceed 1% of the level allowed by ICNIRP. For cellular base stations, measured power density is usually low outdoors, but reaches up to 16% of the allowed radiation level in publicly accessible indoor locations. Comprehensive exposure assessment, as recommended by ITU, has been performed to estimate the maximum possible radiation of one indoor base station. It is concluded that precautionary actions have to be taken by university authorities to limit the presence of students in close proximity to specific indoor antennas. Moreover, comprehensive exposure assessment is more likely necessary for indoor base stations whereas such assessment is not usually required outdoors.

scholarly journals Radio Frequency over Fibre Optics Repeater for Mission-Critical Communications: Design, Execution and Test

Sensors ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 612
Author(s):  
Răzvan-George Bărtuşică ◽  
Mădălin Mihai ◽  
Simona Halunga ◽  
Octavian Fratu
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Mobile Radio ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Technical Solution ◽  
Coverage Area ◽  
Fibre Optics ◽  
Mission Critical ◽  
Emergency Scenarios

This paper presents a technical solution that addresses mission-critical communications by extending the radio frequency coverage area using a flexible and scalable architecture. One of the main objectives is to improve both the reaction time and the coordination between mission-critical practitioners, also called public protection and disaster relief users, that operate in emergency scenarios. Mission-critical services such as voice and data should benefit from reliable communication systems that offer high availability, prioritization and flexible architecture. In this paper, we considered Terrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA), the mobile radio standard used for mission-critical communications, as it has been designed in this respect and is widely used by first responder organizations. Even if RF coverage is designed before network deployment and continuously updated during the lifetime of the technology, some white areas may exist and should be covered by supplementary base stations or repeaters. The model presented in this paper is an optical repeater for TETRA standard that can offer up to 52.6 dB downlink, 65.6 dB uplink gain and up to 3.71 km coverage distance in a radiating cable installation scenario. The design in not limited, as it can be extended to several different mobile radio standards using the same principle. Flexibility and scalability attributes are taken into consideration, as they can build a cost-effective deployment considering both capital and operational expenditures.

scholarly journals Interference Cancellation Based Spectrum Sharing for Massive MIMO Communication Systems

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 3584
Author(s):  
Milembolo Miantezila Junior ◽  
Bin Guo ◽  
Chenjie Zhang ◽  
Xuemei Bai
Keyword(s):  
Interference Cancellation ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Spectrum Sharing ◽  
Null Space ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Small Cells ◽  
Data Traffic ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Lte Advanced

Cellular network operators are predicting an increase in space of more than 200 percent to carry the move and tremendous increase of total users in data traffic. The growing of investments in infrastructure such as a large number of small cells, particularly the technologies such as LTE-Advanced and 6G Technology, can assist in mitigating this challenge moderately. In this paper, we suggest a projection study in spectrum sharing of radar multi-input and multi-output, and mobile LTE multi-input multi-output communication systems near m base stations (BS). The radar multi-input multi-output and mobile LTE communication systems split different interference channels. The new approach based on radar projection signal detection has been proposed for free interference disturbance channel with radar multi-input multi-output and mobile LTE multi-input multi-output by using a new proposed interference cancellation algorithm. We chose the channel of interference with the best free channel, and the detected signal of radar was projected to null space. The goal is to remove all interferences from the radar multi-input multi-output and to cancel any disturbance sources from a chosen mobile Communication Base Station. The experimental results showed that the new approach performs very well and can optimize Spectrum Access.

scholarly journals Temporal variation of exposure from radio-frequency electromagnetic fields around mobile communication base stations

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. e00724
Author(s):  
Abel B. Olorunsola ◽  
Omolayo M. Ikumapayi ◽  
Bankole I. Oladapo ◽  
Adeleke O. Alimi ◽  
Adeyinka O.M. Adeoye
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Mobile Communication ◽  
Base Stations

Radio Frequency Support for Space Systems Based on Multi-Satellite Constellations Taking into Account the ITU-R Requirements and the WRC-19 Results

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 72-76
Author(s):  
А. А. Talanov ◽  
◽  
S. А. Fedotov ◽  
А. М. Stepanov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Frequency Spectrum ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Electromagnetic Compatibility ◽  
Satellite Communication ◽  
Space Systems ◽  
Satellite Constellations ◽  
Broadband Internet ◽  
State Commission ◽  
Radio Frequency Spectrum

Deployment of space systems based on multi-satellite constellations to provide broadband Internet access and communication services acutely raises the question of their radio frequency support including issues of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) between competing space systems using multi-satellite constellations (StarLink, OneWeb, Kuiper, etc.), their EMC with traditional space systems (satellite communication systems that employ spacecraft in geostationary and non-geostationary orbits, space systems of other services), as well as regulatory issues of entering into service and staged deployment of space systems. The article formulates the problematic issues of radio frequency support of modern space systems taking into account the trends of satellite constellations deployment and proposes the solutions with consideration to international and national requirements in the regulation of radio frequency spectrum including the ITU requirements and the requirements of Russian State Commission for Radio Frequencies. The paper shows the ways to share the radio frequency spectrum to meet new requirements of the World Radiocommunication Conference 2019 (WRC-19).

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