Securely Communicating with an Optimal Cloud for Intelligently Enhancing a Cloud's Elasticity

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kirthica ◽  
Rajeswari Sridhar
Keyword(s):  
Success Rate ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Scaling Up ◽  
Turnaround Time ◽  
Third Parties ◽  
Security Threats ◽  
Cloud Environment ◽  
Physical Resources ◽  
Additional Costs ◽  
Cloud Environments

One of the principle features on which cloud environments operate is the scaling up and down of resources based on users' needs, called elasticity. This feature is limited to the cloud's physical resources. This article proposes to enhance the elasticity of a cloud in an intelligent manner by communicating with an optimal external cloud (EC) and borrowing additional resources from it when the cloud runs out of resources. This inter-cloud communication is secured by a model whose structure is similar to the Kerberos protocol. To choose the optimal EC for a particular request of a user, a list of parameters, collectively termed as RePVoCRaD, are enumerated. Once chosen, trust is established with the chosen EC and inter-cloud communication begins. While existing works deal with third parties to establish or secure inter-cloud communication, this work is novel in that there is absence of third parties in the entire process, thereby reducing security threats and additional costs involved. Evaluating this work based on turnaround time and transaction success rate, in a real-time cloud environment, it is seen that the cloud's elasticity is so enhanced that it successfully accommodates its users' additional demands by the fastest means possible.

Securely Communicating With an Optimal Cloud for Intelligently Enhancing a Cloud's Elasticity

2019 ◽  
pp. 770-786
Author(s):  
S. Kirthica ◽  
Rajeswari Sridhar
Keyword(s):  
Success Rate ◽  
Scaling Up ◽  
Turnaround Time ◽  
Third Parties ◽  
Security Threats ◽  
Cloud Environment ◽  
Entire Process ◽  
Physical Resources ◽  
Additional Costs ◽  
Cloud Environments

One of the principle features on which cloud environments operate is the scaling up and down of resources based on users' needs, called elasticity. This feature is limited to the cloud's physical resources. This article proposes to enhance the elasticity of a cloud in an intelligent manner by communicating with an optimal external cloud (EC) and borrowing additional resources from it when the cloud runs out of resources. This inter-cloud communication is secured by a model whose structure is similar to the Kerberos protocol. To choose the optimal EC for a particular request of a user, a list of parameters, collectively termed as RePVoCRaD, are enumerated. Once chosen, trust is established with the chosen EC and inter-cloud communication begins. While existing works deal with third parties to establish or secure inter-cloud communication, this work is novel in that there is absence of third parties in the entire process, thereby reducing security threats and additional costs involved. Evaluating this work based on turnaround time and transaction success rate, in a real-time cloud environment, it is seen that the cloud's elasticity is so enhanced that it successfully accommodates its users' additional demands by the fastest means possible.

A Secured Real Time Scheduling Model for Cloud Hypervisor

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 97-110
Author(s):  
Rekha Kashyap ◽  
Deo Prakash Vidyarthi
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Success Rate ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Virtual Machines ◽  
Resource Provisioning ◽  
Real Time Scheduling ◽  
Scheduling Model ◽  
Physical Resources ◽  
Time Scheduling ◽  
Deadline Constraints

Virtualization is critical to cloud computing and is possible through hypervisors, which maps the Virtual machines((VMs) to physical resources but poses security concerns as users relinquish physical possession of their computation and data. Good amount of research is initiated for resource provisioning on hypervisors, still many issues need to be addressed for security demanding and real time VMs. First work SRT-CreditScheduler (Secured and Real-time), maximizes the success rate by dynamically prioritizing the urgency and the workload of VMs but ensures highest security for all. Another work, SA-RT-CreditScheduler (Security-aware and Real-time) is a dual objective scheduler, which maximizes the success rate of VMs in best possible security range as specified by the VM owner. Though the algorithms can be used by any hypervisor, for the current work they have been implemented on Xen hypervisor. Their effectiveness is validated by comparing it with Xen's, Credit and SEDF scheduler, for security demanding tasks with stringent deadline constraints.

A Secured Real Time Scheduling Model for Cloud Hypervisor

2019 ◽  
pp. 507-522
Author(s):  
Rekha Kashyap ◽  
Deo Prakash Vidyarthi
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Success Rate ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Virtual Machines ◽  
Resource Provisioning ◽  
Real Time Scheduling ◽  
Scheduling Model ◽  
Physical Resources ◽  
Time Scheduling ◽  
Deadline Constraints

Virtualization is critical to cloud computing and is possible through hypervisors, which maps the Virtual machines((VMs) to physical resources but poses security concerns as users relinquish physical possession of their computation and data. Good amount of research is initiated for resource provisioning on hypervisors, still many issues need to be addressed for security demanding and real time VMs. First work SRT-CreditScheduler (Secured and Real-time), maximizes the success rate by dynamically prioritizing the urgency and the workload of VMs but ensures highest security for all. Another work, SA-RT-CreditScheduler (Security-aware and Real-time) is a dual objective scheduler, which maximizes the success rate of VMs in best possible security range as specified by the VM owner. Though the algorithms can be used by any hypervisor, for the current work they have been implemented on Xen hypervisor. Their effectiveness is validated by comparing it with Xen's, Credit and SEDF scheduler, for security demanding tasks with stringent deadline constraints.

scholarly journals Evaluation of mobile real-time polymerase chain reaction tests for the detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chukwunonso Onyilagha ◽  
Henna Mistry ◽  
Peter Marszal ◽  
Mathieu Pinette ◽  
Darwyn Kobasa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Turnaround Time ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Transmissible Gastroenteritis

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), calls for prompt and accurate diagnosis and rapid turnaround time for test results to limit transmission. Here, we evaluated two independent molecular assays, the Biomeme SARS-CoV-2 test, and the Precision Biomonitoring TripleLock SARS-CoV-2 test on a field-deployable point-of-care real-time PCR instrument, Franklin three9, in combination with Biomeme M1 Sample Prep Cartridge Kit for RNA 2.0 (M1) manual extraction system for rapid, specific, and sensitive detection of SARS-COV-2 in cell culture, human, and animal clinical samples. The Biomeme SARS-CoV-2 assay, which simultaneously detects two viral targets, the orf1ab and S genes, and the Precision Biomonitoring TripleLock SARS-CoV-2 assay that targets the 5′ untranslated region (5′ UTR) and the envelope (E) gene of SARS-CoV-2 were highly sensitive and detected as low as 15 SARS-CoV-2 genome copies per reaction. In addition, the two assays were specific and showed no cross-reactivity with Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) virus, and other common human respiratory viruses and bacterial pathogens. Also, both assays were highly reproducible across different operators and instruments. When used to test animal samples, both assays equally detected SARS-CoV-2 genetic materials in the swabs from SARS-CoV-2-infected hamsters. The M1 lysis buffer completely inactivated SARS-CoV-2 within 10 min at room temperature enabling safe handling of clinical samples. Collectively, these results show that the Biomeme and Precision Biomonitoring TripleLock SARS-CoV-2 mobile testing platforms could reliably and promptly detect SARS-CoV-2 in both human and animal clinical samples in approximately an hour and can be used in remote areas or health care settings not traditionally serviced by a microbiology laboratory.

scholarly journals Single-copy detection of somatic variants from solid and liquid biopsy

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana-Luisa Silva ◽  
Paulina Klaudyna Powalowska ◽  
Magdalena Stolarek ◽  
Eleanor Ruth Gray ◽  
Rebecca Natalie Palmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Single Molecule ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Turnaround Time ◽  
Copy Detection ◽  
Allele Specific

AbstractAccurate detection of somatic variants, against a background of wild-type molecules, is essential for clinical decision making in oncology. Existing approaches, such as allele-specific real-time PCR, are typically limited to a single target gene and lack sensitivity. Alternatively, next-generation sequencing methods suffer from slow turnaround time, high costs, and are complex to implement, typically limiting them to single-site use. Here, we report a method, which we term Allele-Specific PYrophosphorolysis Reaction (ASPYRE), for high sensitivity detection of panels of somatic variants. ASPYRE has a simple workflow and is compatible with standard molecular biology reagents and real-time PCR instruments. We show that ASPYRE has single molecule sensitivity and is tolerant of DNA extracted from plasma and formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) samples. We also demonstrate two multiplex panels, including one for detection of 47 EGFR variants. ASPYRE presents an effective and accessible method that simplifies highly sensitive and multiplexed detection of somatic variants.

scholarly journals Book Availability Revisited: Turnaround Time for Recalls versus Interlibrary Loans

2003 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 283-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Gregory ◽  
Wayne A. Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Academic Library ◽  
Turnaround Time ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Interlibrary Loan ◽  
Reasonable Alternative ◽  
Local Institution ◽  
Timely Access ◽  
Average Turnaround Time

Librarians typically view interlibrary loan (ILL) as a means of providing access to items not owned by the local institution. However, they are less likely to explore ILL’s potential in providing timely access to items locally owned, but temporarily unavailable, particularly in the case of monographs in circulation. In a two-part study, the authors test the assumption that, on average, locally owned books that a patron finds unavailable (due to checkout) can be obtained more quickly via recall than via ILL. Phase 1 of this study establishes an average turnaround time for circulation recalls in a large academic library for comparison with well-established turnaround times for ILL borrowing transactions. In Phase 2, a more rigorous paired study of recalls and ILL compares the ability of each system to handle identical requests in real time. Results demonstrate that, under some circumstances, ILL provides a reasonable alternative to the internal recall process. The findings also underscore the need for more holistic, interservice models for improving not just access, but also the timeliness of access, to monograph collections.

scholarly journals Integrated Extreme Real-Time PCR and High-Speed Melting Analysis in 52 to 87 Seconds

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph T Myrick ◽  
Robert J Pryor ◽  
Robert A Palais ◽  
Sean J Ison ◽  
Lindsay Sanford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Turnaround Time ◽  
Single Nucleotide Variants ◽  
Cycle Times ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Melting Analysis

Abstract BACKGROUND Extreme PCR in <30 s and high-speed melting of PCR products in <5 s are recent advances in the turnaround time of DNA analysis. Previously, these steps had been performed on different specialized instruments. Integration of both extreme PCR and high-speed melting with real-time fluorescence monitoring for detection and genotyping is presented here. METHODS A microfluidic platform was enhanced for speed using cycle times as fast as 1.05 s between 66.4 °C and 93.7 °C, with end point melting rates of 8 °C/s. Primer and polymerase concentrations were increased to allow short cycle times. Synthetic sequences were used to amplify fragments of hepatitis B virus (70 bp) and Clostridium difficile (83 bp) by real-time PCR and high-speed melting on the same instrument. A blinded genotyping study of 30 human genomic samples at F2 c.*97, F5 c.1601, MTHFR c.665, and MTHFR c.1286 was also performed. RESULTS Standard rapid-cycle PCR chemistry did not produce any product when total cycling times were reduced to <1 min. However, efficient amplification was possible with increased primer (5 μmol/L) and polymerase (0.45 U/μL) concentrations. Infectious targets were amplified and identified in 52 to 71 s. Real-time PCR and genotyping of single-nucleotide variants from human DNA was achieved in 75 to 87 s and was 100% concordant to known genotypes. CONCLUSIONS Extreme PCR with high-speed melting can be performed in about 1 min. The integration of extreme PCR and high-speed melting shows that future molecular assays at the point of care for identification, quantification, and variant typing are feasible.

scholarly journals Design and Implementation of a Security Improvement Framework of Zigbee Network for Intelligent Monitoring in IoT Platform

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 2305 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Rana ◽  
Miah Halim ◽  
M. Kabir
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Security System ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Security Threats ◽  
Security Attacks ◽  
Intelligent Monitoring ◽  
Iot Platform ◽  
Zigbee Network ◽  
System Administrator

Internet of Things (IoT) opens new horizons by enabling automated procedures without human interaction using IP connectivity. IoT deals with devices, called things, represented as any items from our daily life that are enhanced with computing or communication facilities. Among various mobile communications, Zigbee communication is broadly used in controlling or monitoring applications due to its low data rate and low power consumption. Securing IoT systems has been the main concern for the research community. In this paper, different security threats of Zigbee networks in the IoT platform have been addressed to predict the potential security threats of Zigbee protocol and a Security Improvement Framework (SIF) has been designed for intelligent monitoring in an office/corporate environment. Our proposed SIF can predict and protect against various potential malicious attacks in the Zigbee network and respond accordingly through a notification to the system administrator. This framework (SIF) is designed to make automated decisions immediately based on real-time data which are defined by the system administrator. Finally, the designed SIF has been implemented in an office security system as a case study for real-time monitoring. This office security system is evaluated based on the capacity of detecting potential security attacks. The evaluation results show that the proposed SIF is capable of detecting and protecting against several potential security attacks efficiently, enabling a more secure way of intelligent monitoring in the IoT platform.

scholarly journals Scheduling Schemes in Dynamic Multilevel Packet Scheduling in WSN

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 3800-3804
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Waiting Time ◽  
Packet Scheduling ◽  
Turnaround Time ◽  
Priority Level ◽  
Average Waiting Time ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Priority Levels

As focusing on the scheduling schemes, there are many scheduling schemes for multilevel. So the paper is concentrating to compare the scheduling schemes and producing the average waiting time and turnaround time. If it is minimized then the overall performance may shoot up. In this paper comparison is done between three scheduling schemes Enhanced Dynamic Multilevel Packet scheduling (EDMP), Circular Wait Dynamic Multilevel Packet scheduling (CW-DMP) and Starvation-Free Dynamic Multilevel Packet scheduling (SF-DMP). In all the above schemes there are three priority levels say priority level 1(Pr1), priority level 2(Pr2) and priority level 3(Pr3). Pr1 will comprise the real time tasks, Pr2 containing the non real time remote tasks and non real time local tasks are there in Pr3. In each and every scheme, each and every priority level will be using the individual scheduling technique to schedule the tasks. Also the comparison is done based on waiting time and the turnaround time of the task thereby the average waiting time and the average turnaround time are calculated.

scholarly journals A Proof of Concept of the Role of TDM-Based Clinical Pharmacological Advices in Optimizing Antimicrobial Therapy on Real-Time in Different Paediatric Settings

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milo Gatti ◽  
Pier Giorgio Cojutti ◽  
Caterina Campoli ◽  
Fabio Caramelli ◽  
Luigi Tommaso Corvaglia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Antimicrobial Therapy ◽  
Turnaround Time ◽  
Antimicrobial Treatment ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Paediatric Patients ◽  
Dosing Regimens

Introduction: Antimicrobial treatment is quite common among hospitalized children. The dynamic age-associated physiological variations coupled with the pathophysiological alterations caused by underlying illness and potential drug-drug interactions makes the implementation of appropriate antimicrobial dosing extremely challenging among paediatrics. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) may represent a valuable tool for assisting clinicians in optimizing antimicrobial exposure. Clinical pharmacological advice (CPA) is an approach based on the correct interpretation of the TDM result by the MD Clinical Pharmacologist in relation to specific underlying conditions, namely the antimicrobial susceptibility of the clinical isolate, the site of infection, the pathophysiological characteristics of the patient and/or the drug-drug interactions of cotreatments. The aim of this study was to assess the role of TDM-based CPAs in providing useful recommendations for the real-time personalization of antimicrobial dosing regimens in various paediatric settings.Materials and methods: Paediatric patients who were admitted to different settings of the IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Bologna, Italy (paediatric intensive care unit [ICU], paediatric onco-haematology, neonatology, and emergency paediatric ward), between January 2021 and June 2021 and who received TDM-based CPAs on real-time for personalization of antimicrobial therapy were retrospectively assessed. Demographic and clinical features, CPAs delivered in relation to different settings and antimicrobials, and type of dosing adjustments were extracted. Two indicators of performance were identified. The number of dosing adjustments provided over the total number of delivered CPAs. The turnaround time (TAT) of CPAs according to a predefined scale (optimal, <12 h; quasi-optimal, between 12–24 h; acceptable, between 24–48 h; suboptimal, >48 h).Results: Overall, 247 CPAs were delivered to 53 paediatric patients (mean 4.7 ± 3.7 CPAs/patient). Most were delivered to onco-haematological patients (39.6%) and to ICU patients (35.8%), and concerned mainly isavuconazole (19.0%) and voriconazole (17.8%). Overall, CPAs suggested dosing adjustments in 37.7% of cases (24.3% increases and 13.4% decreases). Median TAT was 7.5 h (IQR 6.1–8.8 h). Overall, CPAs TAT was optimal in 91.5% of cases, and suboptimal in only 0.8% of cases.Discussion: Our study provides a proof of concept of the helpful role that TDM-based real-time CPAs may have in optimizing antimicrobial exposure in different challenging paediatric scenarios.

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