Modeling Carrier Interactions in an International Freight Transport System

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyangsook Lee ◽  
Maria Boile ◽  
Sotirios Theofanis
Keyword(s):  
Transportation Services ◽  
Service Charge ◽  
Maritime Shipping ◽  
Optimal Service ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Level Model ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Freight Transportation Networks ◽  
Ocean Carriers

This paper presents a novel multi-level hierarchical approach which models carrier interactions in international maritime freight transportation networks. Ocean carriers, land carriers and port terminal operators are considered. Port terminal operators, providing transportation services within a port complex, are regarded as a special type of the carrier, based on their behavior. The carriers make pricing and routing decisions at different parts of the multimodal network, having hierarchical relationships. Ocean carriers are regarded as the leaders in a maritime shipping market. Port terminal operators are the followers of ocean carriers as well as the leaders of land carriers. The individual carrier problem is formulated at each level using Nash equilibrium to find the optimal service charge and routing pattern for which each carrier obtains the greatest profit. Interactions among different types of carriers are captured in a three-level model. The concept of multi-leader-follower game is applied to a multi-level game. A numerical example is used to demonstrate the validity of the developed three-level model.

Modeling Carrier Interactions in an International Freight Transport System

2018 ◽  
pp. 234-263
Author(s):  
Hyangsook Lee ◽  
Maria Boile ◽  
Sotirios Theofanis
Keyword(s):  
Transportation Services ◽  
Maritime Shipping ◽  
Optimal Service ◽  
Level Model ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Multimodal Network ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Freight Transportation Networks ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Ocean Carriers

This paper presents a novel multi-level hierarchical approach which models carrier interactions in international maritime freight transportation networks. Ocean carriers, land carriers and port terminal operators are considered. Port terminal operators, providing transportation services within a port complex, are regarded as a special type of the carrier, based on their behavior. The carriers make pricing and routing decisions at different parts of the multimodal network, having hierarchical relationships. Ocean carriers are regarded as the leaders in a maritime shipping market. Port terminal operators are the followers of ocean carriers as well as the leaders of land carriers. The individual carrier problem is formulated at each level using Nash equilibrium to find the optimal service charge and routing pattern for which each carrier obtains the greatest profit. Interactions among different types of carriers are captured in a three-level model. The concept of multi-leader-follower game is applied to a multi-level game. A numerical example is used to demonstrate the validity of the developed three-level model.

scholarly journals Development and evaluation of a three-dimensional multi-level model for visualising the workflow composite score in a health IT benchmark

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Johannes Thye ◽  
Ursula Hübner ◽  
Matthias-Christopher Straede ◽  
Jan-David Liebe
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Composite Score ◽  
Health It ◽  
Information Logistics ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Multiple Indicator ◽  
Level Model ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
The Individual

Background: Clinical information logistics is the backbone of care workflows inside and outside of hospitals. Due to the great potential of health IT to support clinical processes its contribution needs to be regularly monitored and governed. IT benchmarks are a well-known instrument to optimise the availability and use of IT by guiding the decision making process. The aim of this study was to translate IT benchmarking results that were grounded on a hierarchical workflow scoring system into an appropriate visualisation concept. Methods: To this end, a three-dimensional multi-level model was developed, which allowed the decomposition of the highly aggregated workflow composite score into score views for the individual clinical workflows concerned and for the descriptors of these workflows. Furthermore this multi-level model helped to break down the score views into single and multiple indicator views. Results: The results could be visualised per hospital in comparison to the results of organisations of similar size and ownership (peer reference groups) and in comparison to different types of innovation adopters. The multi-level model was implemented in a benchmark of 199 hospitals and evaluated by the chief information officers. The evaluation resulted in high ratings for the comprehensibility of the different types of views of the scores and indicators. Conclusions: The implementation of the multi-level model in a large benchmark of hospitals proved to be feasible and useful in terms of the overall structure and the different indicator views. There seems to be a preference for less complex and familiar views. 

The Individual–Institutional Nexus of Protest Behaviour

2009 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell Dalton ◽  
Alix Van Sickle ◽  
Steven Weldon
Keyword(s):  
Political Development ◽  
Political Protest ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Level Model ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Developed Nations ◽  
Industrial Societies ◽  
Protest Activity

Political protest is seemingly a ubiquitous aspect of politics in advanced industrial societies, and its use may be spreading to less developed nations as well. Our research tests several rival theories of protest activity for citizens across an exceptionally wide range of polities. With data from the 1999–2002 wave of the World Values Survey, we demonstrate that the macro-level context – levels of economic and political development – significantly influences the amount of popular protest. Furthermore, a multi-level model examines how national context interacts with the micro-level predictors of protest activity. The findings indicate that contemporary protest is expanding not because of increasing dissatisfaction with government, but because economic and political development provide the resources for those who have political demands.

scholarly journals Explaining individual- and country-level variations in unregistered employment using a multi-level model: evidence from 35 Eurasian countries

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Besnik A. Krasniqi ◽  
Colin C. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Marginalised Groups ◽  
Level Model ◽  
Model Evidence ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
The Individual

Abstract The aim of this paper is to evaluate the individual- and country-level variations in unregistered employment. To analyse whether it is marginalised groups who are more likely to engage in unregistered employment and explain the country-level variations, a 2010 Life in Transition Survey (LiTS) involving 38,864 interviews in 35 Eurasian countries is reported. Multilevel logistic regression analysis reveals that younger age groups, the divorced, and those with fewer years in education, are more likely to be unregistered employed. On a country-level, meanwhile, the prevalence of unregistered employment is strongly associated with tax morale; the greater the asymmetry between informal and formal institutions, the greater is the prevalence of unregistered employment. It is also higher when GDP per capita as well as social distribution and state intervention (subsidies and transfers, social contribution expenditure, health expenditure) are lower. The paper concludes by discussing the theoretical and policy implications.

scholarly journals ANALYZING THE RENT-TO-PRICE RATIO FOR THE HOUSING MARKET AT THE MICRO-SPATIAL SCALE

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-233
Author(s):  
Changro LEE ◽  
Keyho PARK
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Dynamics ◽  
Price Ratio ◽  
Property Market ◽  
Individual Property ◽  
Seasonal And Spatial Variations ◽  
The Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Level Model ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual

The rent-to-price ratio is one of the popular indicators for monitoring the property market. This study explores micro-scale spatial dynamics of the ratio for houses at the individual property level in Seoul, South Korea. We match the apartment unit sold and the one leased based on the carefully chosen criteria and apply a Bayesian multi-level modeling approach to this matched dataset. We employ the Integrated Nested Laplace Approximations (INLA) algorithm in order to estimate relevant parameters in the multi-level model. The ratio determinants found in the study include property age, apartment unit area, interest rate, and floor. This study also presents the importance of taking into account the hierarchical structure of apartment units, as well as seasonal and spatial variations when estimating the ratio and predicting future trends in the property market based on the ratio.

scholarly journals Neighbourhood variation in incidence of schizophrenia

2000 ◽  
Vol 176 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim Van Os ◽  
Ger Driessen ◽  
Nicole Gunther ◽  
Philippe Delespaul
Keyword(s):  
Marital Status ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Neighbourhood Environment ◽  
Case Register ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Single Person ◽  
Level Model ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Independent Effects ◽  
The Individual

BackgroundNeighbourhood characteristics may influence the risk of psychosis, independently of their individual-level equivalents.AimsTo examine these issues in a multi-level model of schizophrenia incidence.MethodCases of schizophrenia, incident between 1986 and 1997, were identified from the Maastricht Mental Health Case Register. A multi-level analysis was conducted to examine the independent effects of individual-level and neighbourhood-level variables in 35 neighbourhoods.ResultsIndependent of individual-level single and divorced marital status, an effect of the proportion of single persons and proportion of divorced persons in a neighbourhood was apparent (per 1% increase respectively: RR=1.02; 95% CI 1.00–1.03; and RR=1.12, 95% CI 1.04–1.2.1). Single marital status interacted with the neighbourhood proportion of single persons, the effect being stronger in neighbourhoods with fewer single-person households.ConclusionsThe neighbourhood environment modifies the individual risk for schizophrenia. Premorbid vulnerability resulting in single marital status may be more likely to progress to overt disease in an environment with a higher perceived level of social isolation.

An Analysis on Factors of Parent Involvement in Middle School Using Multi-Level Model

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 521-540
Author(s):  
Eunyoung Kim ◽  
◽  
Soonbum Kwon ◽  
Meejung Chin ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle School ◽  
Parent Involvement ◽  
Level Model ◽  
Multi Level

scholarly journals A Network Analysis of the Relationship among Reading, Spelling and Maths Skills

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 656
Author(s):  
Pierluigi Zoccolotti ◽  
Paola Angelelli ◽  
Chiara Valeria Marinelli ◽  
Daniele Luigi Romano
Keyword(s):  
Network Analysis ◽  
Clinical Analysis ◽  
Skill Learning ◽  
Fifth Grade ◽  
Learning Skills ◽  
Level Model ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Unselected Group ◽  
The Relationship

Background. Skill learning (e.g., reading, spelling and maths) has been predominantly treated separately in the neuropsychological literature. However, skills (as well as their corresponding deficits), tend to partially overlap. We recently proposed a multi-level model of learning skills (based on the distinction among competence, performance, and acquisition) as a framework to provide a unitary account of these learning skills. In the present study, we examined the performance of an unselected group of third- to fifth-grade children on standard reading, spelling, and maths tasks, and tested the relationships among these skills with a network analysis, i.e., a method particularly suited to analysing relations among different domains. Methods. We administered a battery of reading, spelling, and maths tests to 185 third-, fourth-, and fifth-grade children (103 M, 82 F). Results. The network analysis indicated that the different measures of the same ability (i.e., reading, spelling, and maths) formed separate clusters, in keeping with the idea that they are based on different competences. However, these clusters were also related to each other, so that three nodes were more central in connecting them. In keeping with the multi-level model of learning skills, two of these tests (arithmetic facts subtest and spelling words with ambiguous transcription) relied heavily on the ability to recall specific instances, a factor hypothesised to underlie the co-variation among learning skills. Conclusions. The network analysis indicated both elements of association and of partial independence among learning skills. Interestingly, the study was based on standard clinical instruments, indicating that the multi-level model of learning skills might provide a framework for the clinical analysis of these learning skills.

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