Modelling of Logistics Monitoring System for Milk Collection Based on Swarm Intelligence

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-82
Author(s):  
Mouhcine Elgarej ◽  
Khalifa Mansouri ◽  
Mohamed Youssfi
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Decision Support Tool ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Communication Process ◽  
Transport Costs ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
Milk Processing ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Transport Logistics

Over the last 30 years, the milk processing process has shifted from the farm to the centralized cheese factory, which has had an impact on the management of transport logistics. In Morocco, several dairy units are located in rural areas with a poor road network, which means that milk collection has a significant impact on profit, affecting milk transport costs. The objective of this work is to develop a decision support tool based on internet of things technologies to optimize milk collection routes, reduce the cost of milk transport, and improve collection density. The tool developed in this study is based on a SIG system and farm milk volumes to estimate the cost per liter of milk for the regular route and to recalculate the same cost for the optimized collection route, combined with IoT technology to ensure the communication process between dairy farms, trucks, and dairy plants.

Economic considerations and decision support tool for wastewater reuse scheme planning

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 175-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Hochstrat ◽  
D. Joksimovic ◽  
T. Wintgens ◽  
T. Melin ◽  
D. Savic
Keyword(s):  
Water Reuse ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Decision Support Tool ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Economic Considerations

The reuse of upgraded wastewater for beneficial uses is increasingly adopted and accepted as a tool in water management. However, funding of schemes is still a critical issue. The focus of this paper is on economic considerations of water reuse planning. A survey of pricing mechanisms for reclaimed water revealed that most schemes are subsidised to a great extent. In order to minimise these state contributions to the implementation and operation of reuse projects, their planning should identify a least cost design option. This also has to take into account the established pricing structure for conventional water resources and the possibility of gaining revenues from reclaimed water pricing. The paper presents a case study which takes into account these aspects. It evaluates different scheme designs with regard to their Net Present Value (NPV). It could be demonstrated that for the same charging level, quite different amounts of reclaimed water can be delivered while still producing an overall positive NPV. Moreover, the economic feasibility and competitiveness of a reuse scheme is highly determined by the cost structure of the conventional water market.

Transparency Issues Within a Transport Buyer and Provider Relationship

2020 ◽  
pp. 78-95
Author(s):  
Eirill Bø
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Decision Support Tool ◽  
Food Distribution ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
Time Parameters ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Relationship

Transport is an important function in the supply chain. This chapter focuses on how to buy a transport service, how to form a transport contract, and how a transparent relationship will influence the risk and the relationship between transport provider and buyer. By developing a decision support tool (DST-model) and calculating the cost and the time parameters, the right price and the cost drivers will appear. The cases described in this chapter are a large Norwegian wholesaler for food, distribution to the retailer, and two Norwegian municipalities collecting household waste. In these cases, the buyer and the provider are acting blind in setting the transport price. This means that there is a huge risk for either a bankruptcy by the transport provider or an overpriced transport for the buyer.

scholarly journals A holistic End-of-Life (EoL) Index for the quantitative impact assessment of CFRP waste recycling techniques

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Dionysios N. Markatos ◽  
Christos V. Katsiropoulos ◽  
Konstantinos I. Tserpes ◽  
Spiros G. Pantelakis
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Decision Support Tool ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Recycling Process ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
Recycled Fibers ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Recycling Techniques

In the present study, a holistic End-of-Life (EoL) Index is introduced to serve as a decision support tool for choosing the optimal recycling process among a number of alternative recycling techniques of CFRP waste. For the choice of the optimal recycling process, quality of the recycled fibers as well as cost and environmental impact of the recycling methods under consideration, are accounted for. Quality is interpreted as the reusability potential of the recycled fibers; that is quantified through the equivalent volume fraction of recycled fibers that balances the mechanical properties of a composite composed of a certain volume fraction of virgin fibers. The proposed Index is offering an estimated balanced score, quantifying a trade-off between the reusability potential of the recycled fibers as well as the cost and the environmental impact of the recycling methods considered.

PURA for Connectivity

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 449-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhash Datta
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Network System ◽  
The Road ◽  
Urban Amenities ◽  
Test Region ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Over Time

The PURA (Providing Urban Amenities in Rural Areas) scheme has been designed to induce sustainable growth in underdeveloped areas. The test region is the Nuh Block, Haryana, a region severely lacking the amenities required for an area with a population of 201,816 which is increasing rapidly. The proposed development period of 2005 to 2020 is split into three equal phases to help distribute the expenditure evenly over time. Five ‘nodal’ villages are chosen to act as centres of development for the block. These are linked together through the road network system. Three alternative networks are discussed in terms of the cost-effectiveness of the design.

Performance of sheep systems grazing perennial pastures. 4. Simulated seasonal variation and long-term production

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 423
Author(s):  
Susan M. Robertson ◽  
Michael A. Friend
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support Tool ◽  
Supplementary Feeding ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Production Risk ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
South Wales ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Gross Margins ◽  
Stocking Rates

Choice of sheep-management system alters both production potential and the production risk due to variability in seasonal conditions. This study quantified production and gross margins from systems based on Merino ewes and varying in stocking rate, time of lambing, and the proportion of ewes joined to terminal-breed or Merino rams. Simulation studies were conducted between 1971 and 2011 using the AusFarm decision-support tool for a grazing property in southern New South Wales. Joining between December and May resulted in higher gross margins than in other months because of higher numbers of lambs sold combined with a lower requirement for supplementary feeding. More ewes could be carried per hectare for April joining than February joining to achieve the same midwinter stocking rate and risk of feeding. Self-replacing systems could produce median gross margins similar to those with replacement ewes purchased, but gross margins were sensitive to the cost of replacement ewes. Of the systems compared, February joining to Merino rams produced the lowest gross margins at all stocking rates, but this system also had the lowest variability among years. The advantage of different systems was dependent on seasonal conditions, which altered lamb production and supplementary feeding. The median ranking of systems for gross margin generally did not alter with changes in feed, sheep or wool values. Large increases in gross margins can be achieved through use of terminal-breed rams, optimal stocking rates and time of lambing, but the superiority of any option depended on production system, price assumptions and seasonal conditions.

scholarly journals Benefit-Based Tree Valuation

2007 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
E. Gregory McPherson
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Decision Support Tool ◽  
Green Ash ◽  
Discount Rates ◽  
Growth Data ◽  
Street Trees ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
Repair Costs ◽  
The Cost

Benefit-based tree valuation provides alternative estimates of the fair and reasonable value of trees while illustrating the relative contribution of different benefit types. This study compared estimates of tree value obtained using cost- and benefit-based approaches. The cost-based approach used the Council of Landscape and Tree Appraisers trunk formula method, and the benefit-based approach calculated the net present value (NPV, total future benefits minus costs discounted to the present) of future benefits and costs using tree growth data and numerical models. In a hypothetical example, the value of a 40 year old green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica) was $5,807 using the cost-based approach and either $3,102 (for a tree growing in Fort Collins, CO, U.S.) or $5,022 (for a tree growing in Boulder, CO) using the benefit-based approach. This example, however, did not consider planting and management costs. In a multitree example, 15 years after planting five pistache (Pistacia chinensis) street trees in Davis, California, the trunk formula (cost-based) value was $8,756, whereas the benefit-based value NPV of benefits was negative at discount rates ranging from 0% to 10%. Negative NPVs occurred because future sidewalk repair costs were projected to be in excess of benefits, a relationship not fully captured in the cost-based approach to valuation. Removing and replacing the five pistache street trees was not cost-effective at 7% and 10% discount rates, primarily because high future sidewalk repair costs associated with retaining the trees were heavily discounted. Planting the five pistache trees in their current location was not an economically sound decision, but planting the same trees in a nearby shrub bed would have saved an estimated $1,102 (10%) to $12,460 (0%) over 40 years. These examples illustrate the use of the benefit-based approach as a decision support tool for design and management.

scholarly journals A Model of Systems Dynamics for Physical Flow Analysis in a Distribution Supply Chain

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-108
Author(s):  
Kahina Hamoudi ◽  
Ahmed Bellaouar ◽  
Romain Petiot
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Decision Support Tool ◽  
Flow Diagram ◽  
Systems Dynamics ◽  
Transport Costs ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Distribution Logistics

AbstractThis article proposes a model of systems dynamics for the analysis and study of physical flows in a distribution logistics chain. The proposed model is a decision support tool that allows testing several scenarios in order to study the behavior of physical flows within a supply chain depending on the inventory and transport costs and taking into consideration the environmental issues through the integration of a CO2 tax in transport costs. The developed model can be used to analyze various scenarios and perform various “what-if” analyzes, as well as to answer questions about the long-term operation of distribution chains. The results show that logistic decisions and strategies taken at the supply chain level influence inventory and transport costs. They show also that the model is a well decision-support tool for calculating and analyzing transport and inventory costs. We first expose the methodology and the literature review. Next, we present in detail the structure of the model consisting of the causal loops diagram and stock and flow diagram. Finally, we discuss the results of the model.

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