Advancing Cyber Resilience Analysis with Performance-Based Metrics from Infrastructure Assessments

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric D. Vugrin ◽  
Jennifer Turgeon
Keyword(s):  
Assessment Methods ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Quantitative Metrics ◽  
Performance Based Assessment ◽  
Assessment Approach ◽  
Hypothetical System ◽  
Qualitative Component ◽  
Infrastructure Resilience ◽  
Resilience Assessment

Cyber resilience is becoming increasingly recognized as a critical component of comprehensive cybersecurity practices. Current cyber resilience assessment approaches are primarily qualitative methods, making validation of their resilience analyses and enhancement recommendations difficult, if not impossible. The evolution of infrastructure resilience assessment methods has paralleled that of their cyber counterparts. However, the development of performance-based assessment methods has shown promise for overcoming the validation challenge for infrastructure systems. This paper describes a hybrid infrastructure resilience assessment approach that combines both qualitative analysis techniques with performance-based metrics. The qualitative component enables identification of system features that limit resilience, and the quantitative metrics can be used to evaluate and confirm the effectiveness of proposed mitigation options. The authors propose adaptation of this methodology for cyber resilience analysis. A case study is presented to demonstrate how the approach could be applied to a hypothetical system.

Advancing Cyber Resilience Analysis with Performance-Based Metrics from Infrastructure Assessments

2014 ◽  
pp. 2033-2055 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric D. Vugrin ◽  
Jennifer Turgeon
Keyword(s):  
Assessment Methods ◽  
Infrastructure Systems ◽  
Quantitative Metrics ◽  
Performance Based Assessment ◽  
Assessment Approach ◽  
Hypothetical System ◽  
Qualitative Component ◽  
Infrastructure Resilience ◽  
Resilience Assessment

Cyber resilience is becoming increasingly recognized as a critical component of comprehensive cybersecurity practices. Current cyber resilience assessment approaches are primarily qualitative methods, making validation of their resilience analyses and enhancement recommendations difficult, if not impossible. The evolution of infrastructure resilience assessment methods has paralleled that of their cyber counterparts. However, the development of performance-based assessment methods has shown promise for overcoming the validation challenge for infrastructure systems. This article describes a hybrid infrastructure resilience assessment approach that combines both qualitative analysis techniques with performance-based metrics. The qualitative component enables identification of system features that limit resilience, and the quantitative metrics can be used to evaluate and confirm the effectiveness of proposed mitigation options. The authors propose adaptation of this methodology for cyber resilience analysis. A case study is presented to demonstrate how the approach could be applied to a hypothetical system.

scholarly journals A Dynamic-Bayesian-Networks-Based Resilience Assessment Approach of Structure Systems: Subsea Oil and Gas Pipelines as A Case Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 597-607
Author(s):  
Bao-ping Cai ◽  
Yan-ping Zhang ◽  
Xiao-bing Yuan ◽  
Chun-tan Gao ◽  
Yong-hong Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Networks ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Dynamic Bayesian Networks ◽  
Gas Pipelines ◽  
Oil And Gas Pipelines ◽  
Assessment Approach ◽  
Resilience Assessment

Failure Analysis of CDM-ESD Damage in a GaAs RFIC

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Poe ◽  
Steve Brockett ◽  
Tony Rubalcava
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Failure Analysis ◽  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Production Test ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Device Model ◽  
Charged Device ◽  
Subsequent Failure

Abstract The intent of this work is to demonstrate the importance of charged device model (CDM) ESD testing and characterization by presenting a case study of a situation in which CDM testing proved invaluable in establishing the reliability of a GaAs radio frequency integrated circuit (RFIC). The problem originated when a sample of passing devices was retested to the final production test. Nine of the 200 sampled devices failed the retest, thus placing the reliability of all of the devices in question. The subsequent failure analysis indicated that the devices failed due to a short on one of two capacitors, bringing into question the reliability of the dielectric. Previous ESD characterization of the part had shown that a certain resistor was likely to fail at thresholds well below the level at which any capacitors were damaged. This paper will discuss the failure analysis techniques which were used and the testing performed to verify the failures were actually due to ESD, and not caused by weak capacitors.

Advanced IR-OBIRCH Analysis Technique for High Isb Failure Analysis

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuo Hsiung Chen ◽  
Wen Sheng Wu ◽  
Yu Hsiang Shu ◽  
Jian Chan Lin
Keyword(s):  
Failure Analysis ◽  
Failure Mechanisms ◽  
Fault Localization ◽  
Resistance Change ◽  
The Real ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Leakage Failure ◽  
Failure Site

Abstract IR-OBIRCH (Infrared Ray – Optical Beam Induced Resistance Change) is one of the main failure analysis techniques [1] [2] [3] [4]. It is a useful tool to do fault localization on leakage failure cases such as poor Via or contact connection, FEoL or BEoL pattern bridge, and etc. But the real failure sites associated with the above failure mechanisms are not always found at the OBIRCH spot locations. Sometimes the real failure site is far away from the OBIRCH spot and it will result in inconclusive PFA Analysis. Finding the real failure site is what matters the most for fault localization detection. In this paper, we will introduce one case using deep sub-micron process generation which suffers serious high Isb current at wafer donut region. In this case study a BEoL Via poor connection is found far away from the OBIRCH spots. This implies that layout tracing skill and relation investigation among OBIRCH spots are needed for successful failure analysis.

THE IMPLEMENTATION OF RADIN INTEN II’S NATIONALISM RESISTANCE VALUES WITHIN LOCAL HISTORY LEARNING

Ta dib ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Surandi Surandi ◽  
Supardi Supardi ◽  
Johan Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Local History ◽  
Data Display ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Learning Plan ◽  
History Learning ◽  
Collection Data ◽  
Students Attitudes

Abstract: The purposes of this study are to find out: (1) the implementation of Radin Inten II’s resistance nationalism values in the learning process; (2) the obstacles experienced by teachers when implementing Radin Inten II’s resistance nationalism values in the learning process; (3) the efforts made by teachers in overcoming obstacles during the implementation of Radin Inten II’s nationalism values in the learning process. This study used qualitative approach with the type of case study conducted at SMAN 1 Kalianda. Data collection techniques consisted of observation, interviews, and documentary studies. Data analysis techniques used the model of Miles & Huberman consisting of data collection, data reduction, data display, and conclusion. The results show: (1) the implementation of Radin Inten II’s nationalism resistance values in the process of learning local history was carried out by compiling a syllabus and implementing learning plan (RPP) by incorporating local history into Indonesian historical material which was consisted of planning, implementation, and evaluation, (2) the obstacles experienced by teachers included: the ability of teachers during learning process, students’ attitudes, and time constraints, (3) the efforts made by the teacher were taking the initiative to instill the values of nationalism in the resistance of Radin Inten II’s, applying various models, strategies, methods and singing a national song before learning. Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui: (1) implementasi nilai-nilai nasionalisme perlawanan Radin Inten II dalam proses pembelajaran, (2) kendala yang dialami oleh guru saat implementasi nilai-nilai nasionalisme perlawanan Radin Inten II dalam proses pembelajaran, (3) upaya yang dilakukan guru dalam mengatasi kendala yang dihadapi saat implementasi nilai-nilai nasionalisme perlawanan Radin Inten II dalam proses pembelajaran. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis studi kasus di SMAN 1 Kalianda. Teknik pengumpulan data terdiri dari observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan model Miles & Huberman yang terdiri dari pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: (1) implementasi nilai-nilai nasionalisme perlawanan Radin Inten II dalam proses pembelajaran sejarah lokal dilakukan dengan menyusun silabus dan rencana pelaksana pembelajaran (RPP) dengan memasukkan sejarah lokal kedalam materi sejarah Indonesia yang terdiri dari perencanaan, pelaksanaan, dan evaluasi, (2) kendala yang dialami oleh guru diantaranya: kemampuan guru dalam proses pembelajaran, sikap siswa, dan adanya keterbatasan waktu, (3) upaya yang dilakukan oleh guru yaitu berinisiatif menanamkan nilai-nilai nasionalisme dalam perlawanan Radin Inten II, menerapkan berbagai model, strategi, metode dan menyanyikan lagu nasional sebelum pembelajaran.

scholarly journals Canada as a Case Study for Balanced Presentation to Address Controversy on Emission Reduction Policies

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7909
Author(s):  
Robert V. Parsons
Keyword(s):  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Trade Show ◽  
Quantitative Metrics ◽  
Carbon Taxation ◽  
Canadian Provinces ◽  
Method Analysis ◽  
A Current

Controversy is common on environmental issues, with carbon taxation in Canada a current example. This paper uses Canada as a case study for analysis based around balanced presentation, a technique developed some time ago, yet largely forgotten. Using the method, analysis is shifted away from the point of controversy to a broader quantitative question, with comparative data employed from official government sources. Simple quantitative analysis is applied to evaluate emission trends of individual Canadian provinces, with quantitative metrics to identify and confirm the application of relevant emission reduction policies by individual jurisdictions. From 2005 through 2019, three provinces show consistent downward emission trends, two show consistent upward trends, and the remaining five have no trends, showing relatively “flat” profiles. The results clarify, in terms of diverse emission reduction policies, where successes have occurred, and where deficiencies or ambiguities have existed. Neither carbon taxation nor related cap-and-trade show any association with long-term reductions in overall emissions. One policy does stand out as being associated with long-term reductions, namely grid decarbonization. The results suggest a possible need within Canada to rethink emission reduction policies. The method may be relevant as a model for other countries to consider as well.

scholarly journals Displacement-Based Seismic Assessment of the Likelihood of Failure of Reinforced Concrete Wall Buildings

Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 295
Author(s):  
Amirhossein Orumiyehei ◽  
Timothy J. Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Seismic Risk ◽  
Concrete Wall ◽  
Limit States ◽  
Simplified Approach ◽  
Performance Based Assessment ◽  
Assessment Approach ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Wall ◽  
Displacement Based ◽  
Assessment Procedures

To strengthen the resilience of our built environment, a good understanding of seismic risk is required. Probabilistic performance-based assessment is able to rigorously compute seismic risk and the advent of numerical computer-based analyses has helped with this. However, it is still a challenging process and as such, this study presents a simplified probabilistic displacement-based assessment approach for reinforced concrete wall buildings. The proposed approach is trialed by applying the methodology to 4-, 8-, and 12-story case study buildings, and results are compared with those obtained via multi-stripe analyses, with allowance for uncertainty in demand and capacity, including some allowance for modeling uncertainty. The results indicate that the proposed approach enables practitioners to practically estimate the median intensity associated with exceeding a given mechanism and the annual probability of exceeding assessment limit states. Further research to extend the simplified approach to other structural systems is recommended. Moreover, the research highlights the need for more information on the uncertainty in our strength and deformation estimates, to improve the accuracy of risk assessment procedures.

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