Occurrence of visible losses and relationship with corn silage management in dairy farms in the State of Paraná

The aim of this study was to relate the occurrence of visible losses in silage (effluent, spoiled top-layer and during feedout) with silage-making practices, physical and chemical characteristics of silage, and milk composition in Brazilian dairy herds. One-hundred and eight silos from 95 farms, in the State of Parana, were visited for data collection. Data were analyzed by Fisher's Exact and Pearson Correlation Test. Effluent loss was higher in silages with the lowest dry matter content. Using unwalled clamp (drive-over piles) silos, neglecting a protection over the plastic film, and unloading silage with a bucket increased the occurrence of top spoilage. Feedout losses were higher in farms where: the crop was harvested with self-propelled machines; the particle size was larger, and the silage density was lower. There was no relationship between visible losses and silage composition or milk composition, except for milk fat content that, unexpectedly, there was a positive correlation with spoiled silage in the top-layer. Silage losses are reduced by adopting good practices during silage production and feedout.

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OBTAINING FRUIT AND BERRY EXTRACTS WITH HIGH ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY WHEN USING ULTRASONIC RADIATION

Известия вузов. Пищевая технология ◽

10.26297/0579-3009.2018.4.12 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Н.Б. ЕРЕМЕЕВА ◽

Н.В. МАКАРОВА

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Matter Content ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Black Currant ◽

Ultrasonic Radiation ◽

Microbiological Parameters ◽

High Antioxidant Activity ◽

Berry Extracts ◽

Physical And Chemical

Подобраны оптимальные параметры для экстракции плодов и ягод черной смородины, малины, вишни, черноплодной рябины при ультразвуковом излучении 35 кГц с целью получения плодово-ягодных экстрактов с высокой антиоксидантной активностью. На основании экспериментальных данных выбраны технологические режимы процесса: экстрагирование сырья 75%-м этиловым спиртом при соотношении сырье : растворитель 1 : 10, температуре (40 ± 5)°C в течение 90 мин. Экстракты концентрируют под вакуумом до содержания сухих веществ 65%. Дана технологическая схема получения плодово-ягодных экстрактов. Полученные экстракты обладают высокой антиоксидантной активностью, содержат большое количество фенольных веществ, флавоноидов и антоцианов; по органолептическим, физико-химическим и микробиологическим показателям соответствуют нормативной документации. The optimal parameters for extraction of fruits and berries of fruits and berries of black currant, raspberry, cherry, chokeberry with ultrasonic radiation of 35 kHz in order to obtain fruit and berry extracts with high antioxidant activity are selected. Based on the experimental data, the technological modes of the process are selected: extraction of raw materials with 75% ethyl alcohol at a ratio of raw materials: solvent 1: 10, temperature (40 ± 5)°C for 90 min. The extracts are concentrated under vacuum to a dry matter content of 65%. Technological scheme of fruit and berry extracts is given. The obtained extracts have a high antioxidant activity, contain a large amount of phenolic substances, flavonoids and anthocyanins; organoleptic, physical and chemical and microbiological parameters correspond to the normative documentation.

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Correlation between morphoagronomic traits and resistance to ethylene action in ornamental peppers.

Horticultura Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0102-053620150000200003 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 151-154 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Mayana F Nascimento ◽

Elizanilda R Rêgo ◽

Naysa FF Nascimento ◽

Rusthon MC Santos ◽

Claudio H Bruckner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pearson Correlation ◽

Production Quality ◽

Matter Content ◽

Leaf Abscission ◽

Fluorescent Light ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Anther Length ◽

Ethylene Action ◽

Ripe Stage ◽

Pericarp Thickness

The post-production quality of ornamental peppers can be shorted due to exposure to ethylene. The concentration of this phytohormone at 10 µL/L induces leaf, fruit and flowers abscission, ripening of climacteric fruits, organ senescence, seed germination and seedling growth. We evaluated the correlation between pepper morphoagronomic traits and resistance to ethylene on ornamental peppers. Two genotypes, one resistant (UFPB 132), a susceptible (UFPB 134), and two hybrids (DR x PN) were utilized (76 x PN) to assess the susceptibility or resistance to ethylene. The experimental design was completely randomized, with four replications. First, 19 morphoagronomic characteristics were analyzed when the plants had 30% of fruits at the ripe stage. At this stage, the pots were transferred to a room at 25oC with 8-10 µmol/s/m2 of white fluorescent light. Afterwards, the pots were placed in a 60-L container and treated with ethylene at final concentration of 10 µL/L. The plants were exposed to ethylene for 48 hours and then kept at room temperature for further analysis. Afterwards, the number of leaves and fruits was determined at time zero and after 144 hours after end of the ethylene treatment. The Pearson correlation was calculated for each pair of variables and submitted to t-test (p≤0.05). We observed high occurrence of a significant positive correlation (>0.95) between leaf abscission and the anther length, major fruit width, pedicel length, pericarp thickness and dry matter content of the fruits. No significant correlation between fruit abscission and morphological evaluated variables was found. These results show the possibility to use morphological measurements to select plants resistant to leaf abscission induced by ethylene, while for the abscission of fruits, No relation to the morphological parameters evaluated in this experiment was possible to be established.

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Sorption and desorption of Suflafenacil in two soils in the state of São Paulo with different physical and chemical attributes

Planta Daninha ◽

10.1590/s0100-83582014000200017 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 393-399 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

M.B. Matallo ◽

D.A.S. Franco ◽

S.D.B. Almeida ◽

A.L. Cerdeira

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter Content ◽

Sorption Isotherms ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

Matter Content ◽

The State ◽

Angular Coefficient ◽

São Paulo ◽

Type C ◽

Chemical Attributes ◽

Physical And Chemical

A study was conducted to evaluate the sorption and desorption of 14C herbicide saflufenacil (pyrimidinedione) in two soils in the State of São Paulo, classified as Red Yellow Latosol with clayey texture (LVA-1) and medium texture (LVA-2), using the batch method through isotherms. The soils were air dried and sieved a 2 mm mesh. The radioactivity was determined by liquid scintillation spectrometry in acclimatized room (25 ± 2 °C). Sorption isotherms were conducted for 5 concentrations of saflufenacil (5.0; 2.5; 1.0; 0.5 and 0.05 μg mL-1) and the results were adjusted to the Freundlich equation, thus obtaining the parameters of sorption followed by two extractions with 0.01 M CaCl2 to determine desorption parameters similarly to sorption. The results showed that saflufenacil sorption was low for both soils studied, being greater for the LVA with higher organic matter content. The desorption coefficients were greater than their sorption coefficients, suggesting the occurrence of hysteresis. The sorption and desorption isotherms (classified as type C isotherms), hysteresis and the t-test between the angular coefficient of the respective isotherms showed that both the sorption and desorption occur with equal intensity.

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Effect of wheat gluten and extracted, protected soybean meal addition to the diet of cows with different beta-lactoglobulin genotypes on the composition and physical properties of milk

Czech Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.17221/1734-cjas ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 54 (No. 8) ◽

pp. 341-348

Author(s):

T. Szulc ◽

M. Pawelska-Góral ◽

K. Hajduk

Keyword(s):

Physical Properties ◽

Soybean Meal ◽

Electrical Resistance ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Wheat Gluten ◽

Milk Composition ◽

Matter Content ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Beta Casein ◽

Beta Lactoglobulin

The effect of wheat gluten or extracted soybean meal (300 g of crude protein/head/day) on milk yield, composition and its physical properties was analysed in 53 cows of Polish Holstein-Friesian breed with different milk beta-lactoglobulin (blg) genotypes (AA, AB and BB). The addition of wheat gluten to the diet of cows with the AA and AB blg genotypes caused a significant increase in crude protein (by 0.21; P ≤ 0.05, and 0.19%; P ≤ 0.01), casein (by 0.15; P ≤ 0.05, and 0.15%; P ≤ 0.01) and dry matter content (0.3 and 0.5%; P ≤ 0.05) in milk, and a significant increase in beta-casein production (0.6 g/l; P ≤ 0.05, and 0.6 g/l; P ≤ 0.01) and kappa-casein yield (0.3 g/l; P ≤ 0.05) in the case of cows with the AA genotype. Milk acidity and electrical resistance in milk were lowered. The cows with the BB blg genotype did not show any significant changes in milk composition. The supplementation of extracted soybean meal to cows with the AB and BB blg genotype led to a significant increase in milk protein (0.26% and 0.21%; P ≤ 0.01) and casein content (0.2 and 0.15%; P ≤ 0.01), beta-casein production (0.60 and 0.50 g/l; P ≤ 0.01) and to a decrease in kappa-casein content (by 0.7%; P ≤ 0.05) in cows with the BB genotype. The production of kappa-casein increased in cows with the AB genotype (by 0.2 g/l; P ≤ 0.01). In the case of all genotypes, an increase in milk active acidity and thermostability and a decrease in electrical resistance in milk were noted. It was observed that cows with different blg genotypes differently utilised the protein from given supplements for the production of individual milk components, which may be used in rationalisation of their feeding and improvement of milk content.

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COMPARISON OF GRAIN YIELD AND WHOLE-PLANT SILAGE PRODUCTION OF RECOMMENDED CORN HYBRIDS

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps83-076 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 63 (3) ◽

pp. 601-609 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

M. R. VATTIKONDA ◽

R. B. HUNTER

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Lignin Content ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Matter Content ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Whole Plant ◽

Silage Production ◽

The Relationship

A 2-yr study was conducted at Elora and Brucefield, Ont. to examine the relationship between grain yield following grain physiological maturity and whole-plant dry matter (DM) yield and quality determined at the stage desirable for ensiling. Quality parameters analyzed include in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVD) of the stover, IVD of the whole plant, stover lignin content and stover protein content. There was a significant linear relationship between the performance of hybrids for grain yield production and their yield for silage production. However, the relationship was not complete enough to permit reliable selection of hybrids for silage production based on grain yield performance (coefficients of determination were 0.23 and 0.25 for Elora and Brucefield, respectively). Grain dry matter content, however, provided a satisfactory estimate of whole-plant maturity for silage production. Coefficients of determination between grain DM content and whole-plant DM content were 0.71 and 0.53 for Elora and Brucefield, respectively. There was considerable variation among hybrids for lignin content and IVD of stover. Differences were much less for whole-plant IVD. The findings of this study support the need for separate evaluation trials for corn grown for whole-plant silage production as opposed to grain production.Key words: Zea mays, corn silage, grain yield, hybrid performance

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THE EFFECT OF MOISTURE CONTENT OF FORAGE STORED IN POLYVINYL SILOS ON INTAKE AND PERFORMANCE OF DAIRY COWS

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas64-020 ◽

1964 ◽

Vol 44 (2) ◽

pp. 125-131 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

V. S. Logan ◽

P. S. Haydon

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Milk Composition ◽

Matter Content ◽

Dry Matter Intake ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Forage Intake ◽

Silage Quality ◽

And Performance ◽

Gas Tight

Legume–grass forage was ensiled two seasons in 25-ton polyvinyl-encased stacks at dry matter (D.M.) levels of 22 to 37% or stored as field-cured hay. The polyvinyl sleeve coverings provided initial gas-tight conditions. High losses occurred in the high D.M. (32 to 37%) silage during the feeding-out period. Silage quality, as indicated by volatile fatty acid ratios, proximate principles, and digestibility coefficients, was not significantly influenced by D.M. content. When cows were fed the lower D.M. (22 to 29%) silages and hay, forage intake was inversely related to its dry matter content. Intake of high D.M. silage appeared abnormally low. Milk yields appeared to be more consistently influenced by small variations in grain intake than forage dry matter intake through both trials. Milk yields from silages were greater than from hay per unit of D.M. intake. Moisture content of forage had no significant effect on milk composition as indicated by percentage of butterfat, solids-not-fat, or protein.

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Aerobic stability of triticale silage in single culture or in mixtures with oat and/or legumes

Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia ◽

10.1590/s1516-35982010001100006 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 39 (11) ◽

pp. 2349-2356 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Valter Harry Bumbieris Junior ◽

Clóves Cabreira Jobim ◽

Jean-Claude Emile ◽

Juliano Roman ◽

Michele Simili da Silva

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Buffer Capacity ◽

Matter Content ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Ph Values ◽

Pisum Arvense ◽

Avena Strigosa ◽

Single Culture ◽

Aerobic Stability ◽

Silage Production

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the aerobic stability and losses during the fermentation process of triticale silages in single crop or in mixtures with oats and/or legumes. The following crops were used for silage production: triticale (X. Triticosecale Wittimack), triticale intercropped with forage pea (Pisum arvense) and triticale intercropped with oats (Avena strigosa Schreb), forage pea and vetch (Vicia sativa). The dry matter content and its recovery did not differ among the silages. Buffer capacity was higher for tricale silage intercropped with oats, forage pea and vetch(88.67 m eq. NaOH/100 g DM) followed by triticale intercropped with forage pea (80.80 m eq. NaOH/100 g DM). Electric conductivity values were higher in the intercropped triticale silages. Triticale silage presented the lowest temperatures observed in the silos, and the silages of intercropped triticale silages presented higher heat retention and higher pH values. Silage of triticale intercropped with oats and legumes presented lower aerobic stability but it did not reduce the aerobic stability of the total feed. Dry matter recovery during storage and in stability evaluations in aerobiosis is similar among the silages.

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EFFECT OF LEVEL OF ALFALFA PELLETS ON INTAKE OF EARLY AND LATE HARVESTED TIMOTHY SILAGES OF DIFFERENT DRY MATTER CONTENT BY DAIRY COWS

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas81-076 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 61 (3) ◽

pp. 633-638 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

P. L. BURGESS ◽

J. W. G. NICHOLSON ◽

E. A. GRANT

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Milk Composition ◽

Matter Content ◽

Holstein Cows ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Timothy Grass ◽

Ad Libitum

Two experiments were carried out, using 36 lactating Holstein cows, to determine the effect of three levels (0, 4.5 and 9.0 kg/day) of alfalfa pellets (AP) on the ad libitum consumption of early and late harvested timothy grass silages of different dry matter (DM) content. Cows consumed significantly more wilted than nonwilted silage DM for both the early and late harvested grass, although milk yields were similar for both groups. For the early harvested, wilted and nonwilted silages, feeding AP did not significantly depress silage DM intake until a level of 9.0 kg/day was reached. Total ration DM intake increased significantly with each increment of AP. With the late harvested silages, AP at the 9.0 kg/day level reduced nonwilted silage DM intake while with the wilted silage each increase of AP significantly lowered silage DM intake. Both the 4.5 and 9.0 kg/day of AP increased total DM consumption with the nonwilted silage but 9.0 kg/day of AP was required to significantly increase total DM intake for cows fed the late harvested, wilted silage. Milk yield and milk composition were not changed by the level of AP supplementation or the type of silage fed.

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Possibilities of using dairy compounds exposed to different treatments in dairy cow feeding

Czech Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.17221/4301-cjas ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 49 (No. 5) ◽

pp. 205-210

Author(s):

B. Z Saricicek

Keyword(s):

Milk Yield ◽

Tannic Acid ◽

Feed Efficiency ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Latin Square ◽

Matter Content ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Solids Content

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of untreated dairy compound feeds; DCF (control) and DCFs subjected to 2% fat (F); 2.5% tannic acid (TA); 2% fat + 2.5% tannic acid (F + TA) on the milk yield and composition. In the study, 4 cows of Jersey breed were used and 4 × 4 Latin square experimental design was applied. Normal milk yield, 4% fat corrected milk yield (FCM), dry matter content of milk, non-fat solids content of milk, CP content of milk, fat content of milk, lactose content of milk, crude ash content of milk, daily DM consumption of cows, feed efficiency according to normal milk yield of cows, feed efficiency according to the FCM of cows were 11.96, 12.14, 10.89 and 11.94 kg/day (P < 0.05); 14.16, 14.50, 13.06 and 13.70 kg/day (P < 0.05); 13.37, 13.34, 13.54 and 13.41% (P > 0.05); 8.12, 8.00, 8.35 and 8.19% (P > 0.05); 3.67, 3.70, 3.87 and 3.63% (P < 0.05); 5.25, 5.34, 5.19 and 5.22% (P > 0.05); 4.97, 4.812, 5.01 and 5.042% (P > 0.05); 0.75, 0.73, 0.74 and 0.73% (P > 0.05); 15.97, 15.84, 15.94 and 15.59 kg/day (P > 0.05); 1.34, 1.31, 1.46 and 1.31 kg feed DM/kg milk (P > 0.05); 1.13, 1.09, 1.22 and 1.14 kg feed DM/kg milk (P > 0.05), respectively. According to the results it can be stated that 2.5TA and 2F treatments had positive effects on FCM milk yield and milk protein yield.

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The effect of pattern of concentrate allocation on milk production from autumn-calving heifers

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s0003356100000477 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 34 (1) ◽

pp. 55-61 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

F. J. Gordon

Keyword(s):

Milk Yield ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Milk Composition ◽

Matter Content ◽

Winter Period ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Single Group ◽

Digestible Organic Matter ◽

First 90 Days ◽

Block Experiment

ABSTRACTForty-four British Friesian, first-lactation heifers were used in a randomized block experiment over a 2-year period to examine the effects of two patterns of concentrate allocation during the post-calving, indoor feeding period. The animals, mean calving date 17 October (s.d. 15 days), were offered concentrates either on a high-low system consisting of 80kg/day for the first 90 days of lactation and thereafter 5-4kg/day, or on a uniform system in which 6-8 kg/day was offered from calving until going to pasture (mean of 182 days). In addition, all animals received access ad libitum to grass silage, with a mean dry-matter content and digestible organic matter in the dry matter value of 218 and 679g/kg respectively. During the 1st year all 22 animals were housed as a single group, but in the 2nd year the animals were housed in individual stalls and silage intakes recorded for all replicates. In each year all animals grazed as a single group at pasture without supplementary concentrates.Total concentrates consumed were 1163 and 1187 (s.e. 19·4)kg for the high-low and uniform treatments respectively. Although the animals on the high-low treatment reached a higher peak milk yield, there were no significant differences in milk yield over the winter period, 3257 and 3311 (s.e. 41·5) kg, or total lactation, 4862 and 4886 (s.e. 80·6)kg, for the high-low and uniform treatments respectively. The animals on the high-low treatment, however, were significantly lighter in body weight at the end of the winter but there was no difference between treatments at the end of lactation. Milk composition data are also presented.

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