Design and Construction of a High Speed Inter-Row Cultivator

2011 ◽  
Vol 110-116 ◽  
pp. 4914-4918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yousef Abbaspour-Gilandeh ◽  
Zargham Fazel-Niari ◽  
Gholamhosein Shahgoli ◽  
Malek Bavafa
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Environmental Concerns ◽  
Row Crops ◽  
Field Displacement ◽  
Finished Surface ◽  
Soil Preparation ◽  
Excellent Method ◽  
Structural Research

In many parts of the world, row crops are treated with herbicides. Because of environmental concerns, crop cultivation is suggested as an excellent method of weed control. The object of this study was to design and construct a high speed inter-row cultivator. The speed of plowing has a significant effect not only on the depth of plowing but on factors which affect the quality of soil preparation such as loosening of the upper soil layer, cutting roots of the previous crops, covering and plowing in of weeds, leveling the finished surface of the field, displacement of the son layer and so on. In this study, the designed and constructed cultivator has a toolbar, unit frame, disk coulter and a flat sweep. The unit frame is attached to a tractor mounted tool bar by a suspension linkage. The suspension linkage allows the unit frame to move up and down relative to a tool bar that the cultivator unit is attached to. The numerical analysis was performed with COSMOS/M 1.71 FEM software (Structural Research and Analysis Corporation, CA).

scholarly journals SELECTION AND JUSTIFICATION OF PARAMETERS OF WORKING BODIES OF THE COMBINED TOOLS FOR THE BASIC AND PREPLANT PROCESSING OF SOIL IN THE CULTIVATION OF ROW CROPS IN THE CONDITIONS OF SOUTH KAZAKHSTAN

REPORTS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 335 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-139
Author(s):  
A.S. Rzaliyev ◽  
Sh.B. Bekmuhametov ◽  
V.P. Goloboroko
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Plant ◽  
Row Crops ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Agricultural Engineering ◽  
Soil Preparation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Working Bodies ◽  
Acceptance Tests ◽  
Required Quality

In the southern zone of Kazakhstan, agricultural crops are cultivated, both on irrigated and rain-fed lands. The main technology used for tillage is traditional, which accounts for 90% of all cultivated crops. This technology provides for multiple passes of machine-tractor units (MTU) across the field, which causes a large load on the soil, leading to the destruction of its structure. In the South of the Republic, combined tools supplied from neighboring countries (Russia, Belarus, Ukraine) are mainly used for pre-sowing tillage. They do not correspond to the soil and climate conditions and technologies used. To ensure the required quality of soil preparation, it is necessary to use machines adapted to zonal conditions. To develop a combined tool for pre-sowing and basic tillage, the parameters of its working bodies were justified. Based on the conducted research, a prototype of the combined OKP-4,0 machine was manufactured at the experimental plant of "SPC of agricultural engineering " LLP, and its acceptance tests were carried out during the operation of pre-sowing soil preparation for corn sowing, according to which the quality of soil treatment corresponded to agricultural requirements. There were no breakdowns or failures in operation.

Fluid Characteristics of Material Flow in High Speed Metal Cutting Process

2012 ◽  
Vol 500 ◽  
pp. 544-549
Author(s):  
K.G. Zhang ◽  
Zhan Qiang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Strain Rate ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Metal Cutting ◽  
Deformation Model ◽  
Rake Face ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Finished Surface ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Fluid Characteristics

In high speed metal cutting momentum would be large and the strain rate can be exceedingly high, the viscosity of material must take into account in studying the chip deformation. Model the high speed machining as fluid flow is much better than as solid. A laminar flow method is applied in this paper to analyze the velocity distribution, the pressure distribution, the temperature distribution and the strain rate distribution of high speed metal cutting. Analytical results showed that a speed stagnation point is located at some distance from the tool tip on the tool rake face, on which the maximum value of the pressure occurs, with zero speed; its location influences the life of the tool and the quality of the finished surface. The value of the pressure decrease along the rake face and reaches zero at some point away from the tool tip, which is the point of separation of the chip from the tool; The value of strain rate get a rapid increase from the tool tip to the free surface corner then decreased outwards.

The value of primary tillage in the development of plant trees and shrubs

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-158
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Low Permeability ◽  
Deep Tillage ◽  
Primary Tillage ◽  
Soil Preparation ◽  
Trees And Shrubs

Are considered indicators that define the quality of soil preparation, and requirements for the degree of crumbling, fluff and lumpy soil layer during the outbreak, depending on soil moisture, rendering crucial. Research has shown that in the soil-ing have low permeability and low supply of humus, essential to increase the absorbency of creating a stock of moisture in the lower layers becomes deep tillage (60-70 cm) leaving the upper fertile layer, the degree of crumbling ko- torogo should be within at least 60 %.

EFFECTIVENESS OF DOSING APPLICATION OF BENATAL GROUP HERBICIDES IN SUGAR BEET SOWING

1970 ◽  
pp. 49-51
Author(s):  
V. Z. Venevtsev ◽  
М. N. Zakharova ◽  
L. V. Rozhkova
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Experimental Plot ◽  
Agricultural Research Institute ◽  
Row Crops ◽  
Sugar Beet Variety ◽  
Sowing Machine

Ryazan region annually receives stable yields of sugar beet roots 40 t/ha. Further growth of yields depends on balanced nutrition of plants cultivated hybrids, from the quality of the soil and of the phytosanitary State of sowing culture. Weed vegetation in wider spaced row crops of sugar beet in the initial periods of vegetation is high competition culture. The article presents the results of three studies on the effectiveness of the herbicide betanalnoj group, used to reduce contamination of sowing culture annual dicotyledonous weeds and increase the harvest of sugar beet roots. Studies conducted on experimental fields ISSA-branch FGBNU FNAC WIM (former AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE in Ryazan). Soil: dark grey forest tjazhelosuglinistaja, humus content 4.0%, potassium and phosphorus-high pH is 5.8. Area of cultivated plots 50 m2, repetition, four sugar beet variety-Ocean. The predecessor-winter wheat. Under the autumn ploughing had made NPK120 under presowing cultivation-N60, SEV conducted seeder sowing machine. For crop protection herbicides were tested annually of sugar beet Betanal progress, UF-1.0 l/HA, Forte di Belvedere-1.0 l/HA, Betanal Max Pro-1.5 l/HA, Bajrang engineering works Super-1.5 l/HA, once applied to weeds. The harvest of sugar beet roots, take into account the square 10 m2 in 4-times repeated with each experimental plot by weighing machinery, processed data by ANOVA. The research found that studied herbicides efficiently at 87-92%, reduced infestation annual dicotyledonous weeds and increase the harvest of sugar beet roots to 29.9-44.1%

High-Speed Imaging to Study an Auto-Oscillating Vocal Fold Replica for Different Initial Conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 09 (05) ◽  
pp. 1750064 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Van Hirtum ◽  
X. Pelorson
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Fold ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Vocal Folds ◽  
High Speed Imaging ◽  
Human Voice ◽  
Manual Intervention ◽  
Geometrical Features ◽  
Upstream Pressure

Experiments on mechanical deformable vocal folds replicas are important in physical studies of human voice production to understand the underlying fluid–structure interaction. At current date, most experiments are performed for constant initial conditions with respect to structural as well as geometrical features. Varying those conditions requires manual intervention, which might affect reproducibility and hence the quality of experimental results. In this work, a setup is described which allows setting elastic and geometrical initial conditions in an automated way for a deformable vocal fold replica. High-speed imaging is integrated in the setup in order to decorrelate elastic and geometrical features. This way, reproducible, accurate and systematic measurements can be performed for prescribed initial conditions of glottal area, mean upstream pressure and vocal fold elasticity. Moreover, quantification of geometrical features during auto-oscillation is shown to contribute to the experimental characterization and understanding.

scholarly journals Influence of Slope Direction on the Soil Seed Bank and Seedling Regeneration of Castanopsis hystrix Seed Rain

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 500
Author(s):  
Zong Zhao ◽  
Yong Liu ◽  
Hongyan Jia ◽  
Wensheng Sun ◽  
Angang Ming ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Seed Rain ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mature Seeds

Objective: To investigate the impact of different slope directions on the quantity and quality of the soil seed bank and seedling germination process of Castanopsis hystrix plantations. Method: Fixed sample plots in forest stands of Castanopsis hystrix were established on different slope directions (sunny slope, semi-sunny slope, semi-shady slope, and shady slope). The characteristics of the forest stand were investigated, and per-wood scaling was carried out. The temporal dynamics of the seed rain and seed bank were quantified using seed rain collectors and by collecting soil samples from different depths. The quantity and quality of the seeds were determined, and the vigor of mature seeds was measured throughout the study. Results: (1) The diffusion of Castanopsis hystrix seed rain started in mid-September, reached its peak from late October to early November, and ended in mid-December. (2) The dissemination process, occurrence time, and composition of the seed rain varied between the different slope directions. The seed rain intensity on the semi-sunny slope was the highest (572.75 ± 9.50 grains∙m−2), followed by the sunny slope (515.60 ± 10.28 grains∙m−2), the semi-shady slope (382.13 ± 12.11 grains∙m−2), and finally the shady slope (208.00 ± 11.35 grains∙m−2). The seed rain on the sunny slope diffused earliest and lasted the longest, while the seed rain on the shady slope diffused latest and lasted the shortest time. Seed vigor and the proportion of mature seeds within the seed rain were greatest on the semi-sunny slope, followed by the sunny slope, semi-shady slope, and the shady slope. (3) From the end of the seed rain to August of the following year, the amount of total reserves of the soil seed banks was highest on the semi-sunny slope, followed by the sunny slope then the semi-shady slope, and it was the lowest on the shady slope. The amount of mature, immature, gnawed seeds and seed vigor of the soil seed bank in various slope directions showed a decreasing trend with time. The seeds of the seed bank in all slope directions were mainly distributed in the litter layer, followed by the 0–2 cm humus layer, and only a few seeds were present in the 2–5 cm soil layer. (4) The seedling density of Castanopsis hystrix differed significantly on the different slope directions. The semi-sunny slope had the most seedlings, followed by the sunny slope, semi-shady slope, and the shady slope. Conclusions: The environmental conditions of the semi-sunny slope were found to be most suitable for the seed germination and seedling growth of Castanopsis hystrix, and more conducive to the regeneration and restoration of its population.

Machining quality of high speed helical milling of carbon fiber reinforced plastics

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440622199673
Author(s):  
Adel Abidi ◽  
Sahbi Ben Salem ◽  
Mohamed Athmane Yallese
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Hole Diameter ◽  
Feed Speed ◽  
Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics ◽  
Reinforced Plastics ◽  
Machining Quality ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Plastics

Among advanced cutting methods, High Speed Milling (HSM) is often recommended to improve the productivity and to reduce the costs of machining parts. As every cutting process, HSM is characterized by some defects like surface roughness and delamination are the main defects generated in composite materials. The aim of this experimental work is the studying of the machining quality of woven Carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) using the HSM technology. Experiments were done using different machining parameters combinations to make opened holes in CFRP laminates. This study investigated the effect of cutting speed, orbital feed speed, hole diameter on the delamination defect and surface roughness responses generated in the drilled holes. The design of experimental tests was generated using the approach of Central Composite Design (CCD). The characterization of these responses was treated with the Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Response surface methodology (RSM). Results showed that the surface roughness is highly affected by the orbital feed speed (F) with contribution of 22.45%. The delamination factor at entry and exit of holes is strongly influenced by the hole diameter D (25.97% and 57.43%) respectively. The developed model equations gave a good correlation between the empirical and predicted results. The optimization of the milling parameters was treated using desirability function to minimize the surface roughness (Ra) and the delamination factor simultaneously.

scholarly journals Surface quality of high-speed cutting plates in flat grinding by new abrasive wheels of “Saint-Gobain Abrasive” company

2020 ◽  
Vol 971 ◽  
pp. 022077
Author(s):  
Nguyen Duy Canh ◽  
Nguyen Van Canh ◽  
Pham Xuan Hong ◽  
Nguyen Ngoc Hue ◽  
Tran Dinh Duy
Keyword(s):  
Surface Quality ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Speed Cutting

eu Policy and Law Regarding Railways and the Environment

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-45
Author(s):  
Ludwig Krämer
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Short Description ◽  
Environmental Concerns ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Transport Networks ◽  
Technical Standards ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Railway Freight ◽  
Planning And Operation

For decades, railway issues were considered, in Europe, as being almost entirely in the responsibility of the Member States. This history is even reflected in the present eu approach on railway issues which has, as one of its political priorities, the objective to ensure the interoperability of national legal and technical standards all over the eu. The development of trans-European transport networks, the upcoming of high-speed transboundary trains and the internationalisation of railway freight transport which are of relative recent date, all contribute to the greater awareness of railway impacts on the environment. Policies can no longer promote railways with the argument that rail is the most environment-friendly means of transport, but are more and more obliged to take into consideration, during the planning and operation of railways, local, provincial and regional environmental concerns. The contribution passes in review the most relevant environmental concerns with regard to railways. After a short description of the regulatory frame, the different environmental aspects of railways – land use, nature conservation, noise, water, air pollution, and waste management – are discussed. Some concluding remarks follow.

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