Study on Exfoliation Resistance of Ferro Superalloy Composite Oxide Scale

2012 ◽  
Vol 204-208 ◽  
pp. 4011-4014
Author(s):  
Hai Tao Wang ◽  
Shen Jie Zhou ◽  
Hua Shun Yu ◽  
Zhong Chu
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Induction Furnace ◽  
Intermediate Frequency ◽  
Resistant Steel ◽  
Heat Resistant Steel ◽  
Composite Scale ◽  
Gain Rate ◽  
Oxidation Weight Gain ◽  
Weight Gain Rate ◽  
Complete Exfoliation

Based on ferro based superalloy K273 and heat resistant steel ZG40Cr24, test alloys were cast by intermediate frequency induction furnace with non-oxidation method by alloying of aluminium and silicon. The oxidation resistance at 1100°C for 500 hours of test alloys was carried out according to oxidation weight gain method. Experimental results show that the scale exfoliation resistance of K273 and ZG40Cr24 is reinforced greatly by Al2O3 and SiO2. The scale exfoliation weight gain rate at 1100°C descends from 1.2681g.m-2.h-1 to zero, reaching complete exfoliation resistance for ZG40Cr24 test alloy. Because of 1.5<PBR(Al2O3⁄Fe)<2 and the growing of Al2O3 and SiO2 from out side of scale-scale/oxygen interface, the composite scale grows intact and compact without accumulation of growing stress.

Effects of Nickel on Structure and Properties of Ferro Superalloy

2011 ◽  
Vol 250-253 ◽  
pp. 733-736
Author(s):  
Hai Tao Wang ◽  
Chang Lu Chen ◽  
Dian Cai Kang
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Oxidation Resistance ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Temperature Oxidation ◽  
Gain Rate ◽  
High Temperature Tensile ◽  
Oxidation Weight Gain ◽  
Weight Gain Rate

The affecting law of nickel on structure and properties of ferro superalloy, which was cast by intermediate frequency induction furnace, were studied by orthogonal experimental method. The tensile strength and oxidation weight gain rate at 1000°C were tested. The matrix microstructure and scale morphologies and composition were studied using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) respectively. It was found that the high temperature tensile strength went up with the increase of nickel by the forming of high temperature strengthening phase of γ’. After 100 hours aging at 1000°C, γ’ phase separated in blocks. Certain content of nickel improved the high temperature oxidation resistance of test alloys, but excess of it caused the higher oxidation weight gain rate and loose structure oxide scales with holes and exfoliating. In considering of high temperature tensile strength and oxidation resistance, the ideal content of nickel in ferro superalloy should be 9wt.%, with which at 1000°C the tensile strength of test alloys mostly exceeded 70MPa, and the average oxidation weight gain rate was only 0.55g.m-2.h-1, reaching the strong oxidation resistance. Such scale was compounded by Cr2O3 and Fe(Ni)Cr2O4 with compact structure, fine and even oxide grains.

Study of Thermal Diffusion on Oxidation Resistance of ZG40Cr24

2014 ◽  
Vol 488-489 ◽  
pp. 14-17
Author(s):  
Hai Tao Wang ◽  
Shen Jie Zhou ◽  
Hua Shun Yu
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Oxide Scale ◽  
Oxidation Resistance ◽  
Thermal Diffusion ◽  
Intermediate Frequency ◽  
Heat Resistant Steel ◽  
Thermal Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Thickness Meter ◽  
Oxidation Weight Gain

Based on heat resistant steel ZG40Cr24, test alloys were cast by intermediate frequency induction furnace with non-oxidation method by alloying of aluminium and silicon. The oxidation resistance at 1100°C for 500 hours of test alloys was carried out according to oxidation weight gain method. The thermal diffusion were tested by Laser Heat Conductivity. The thickness of oxide scale was detected by Coating Thickness Meter. Experimental results showed that the thermal diffusion of oxide scale affected its oxidation resistance exactly, the lower thermal diffusion coefficient matched the higher oxidation resistance. The oxide scale thermal diffusion coefficient of ZG40Cr24+2%wt.Si+4%wt.Al was only 0.00092cm2.s-1, endowing itself 0.0633g.m-2.h-1 oxidation weight gain rate, reaching the complete oxidation resistance. The mechanism of the effect of thermal diffusion on oxidation resistance lay in that the lower thermal diffusion represented the inert inner particles of materials, the few quantity of diffusion particles, and lower transporting and moving rate. So the oxidation rate slowed down, realizing higher oxidation resistant property for oxide scales.

scholarly journals Factors associated with maternal weight gain rate throughout pregnancy in women with normal and excessive pre‐pregnancy weight (LB446)

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Beatriz Franco‐Sena ◽  
Fernanda Rebelo ◽  
Thatiana Pinto ◽  
Dayana Farias ◽  
Roberta Mendes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Maternal Weight Gain ◽  
Maternal Weight ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Gain Rate ◽  
Pregnancy Weight ◽  
Weight Gain Rate

Research on 304,321,316Lect. Stainless Steel Corrosion under the Calcinating Gas Atmosphere of Ammonium Paramolybdate

2012 ◽  
Vol 602-604 ◽  
pp. 421-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Sen Luo ◽  
Hong Luo ◽  
Xi Yang He
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Steel Corrosion ◽  
Corrosion Layer ◽  
Surface Phase ◽  
Phase Constituent ◽  
Gain Rate ◽  
Gas Atmosphere ◽  
Weight Gain Rate

In this paper, the corrosion behavior was researched which was happen on the 304,321,316Lect. stainless steel materials in the analogue situation of calcining gas atmosphere of ammonium paramolybdate.The oxidized etch which happened on the sample’s surface, phase constituent and element content of the fracture surface, was analyzed by the means of SEM、XRD.The results showed that the phases of Fe2(MoO4)3,MoO3,MoO2.5(OH)0.5,Cr2O3,Cr2Ti5O13, Fe2O3,Fe3O4 ect. are contained on the surfaces of the 304,316L, 321 samples which are calcined. There is an inside oxidized corrosion layer in 304 316L. The oxidizing film is damaged and the oxygen penetrates into the base to form an oxidized layer. A thin and compact oxidation film was formed between 321 corrosion layer and the alloy interface, which have prevented the base from further corrosion, under this experiment conditions, this steel belonged to the inoxidizability materials. The coating deficiency of 321 steel is shallow; the particles of oxidate is thin and without inner corrosion; the weight gain rate of oxidized etch is slow (average rate 5.2×10-2mg/ (cm2•h)), the weight gain is less and corrosion resistance is fine.

Examining the Effection of Second-and Third-trimester Rate of Gestational Weight Gain on Perinatal Outcomes Among Chinese Twin Gestations Based on the Provisional Guidelines: A Retrospective Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-hua Lin ◽  
Yi-lin Weng ◽  
Ying-ying Lin ◽  
Xiu-xian Huang ◽  
Yang Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Gestational Weight Gain ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Premature Delivery ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Gestational Weight ◽  
Gain Rate ◽  
Twin Pregnancies ◽  
Weight Gain Rate

Abstract Background: This paper investigated how second and third trimester gestational weight gain relates toperinatal outcomes among normal weight women with twin pregnancies in Fujian, China. Methods: A retrospective study on the medical records of 931 normal weight twin pregant women was conducted in Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital from 2014 to 2018.The 2nd and 3rd trimester weekly weight gain rate were calculated and categorized women as gaining below, within, or above the 2009 Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommended rates . The association between trimester-specific weight gain rate and perinatal outcome was performed by traditional regression analysis among groups.Results:A total of 931 pregnant women and 1862 neonates were included for analysis. 25.9% ,19.8% and 54.3%% of women had less than, greater than and within the recommended rates of gain in the 2nd and 3rd trimester, respectively. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that greater than recommended rates of weight gain in 2nd trimester decreased the risks of preeclampsia (adjusted OR:0.458,95% CI:0.255~0.824). Less than recommended rates of weight gain in 3rd trimester increased the risk of premature delivery（adjusted OR=1.926,95%CI:1.403~2.644）, gestational diabetes mellitus (adjusted OR = 2.052,95%CI:1.417~2.972), intrahepatic cholestasis syndrome (adjusted OR = 3.016,95%CI:1.057~8.606), premature rupture of the membrane (adjusted OR = 1.722,95%CI:1.180~2.512) and neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (adjusted OR = 5.135,95%CI:1.701~15.498) and decreased the risk of cesarean section (adjusted OR = 0.587,95%CI:0.385~0.893) .In addition, greater than recommended rates of weight gain in 3rd trimester was associated with increased risks in premature delivery (adjusted OR=1.818,95%CI:1.307~2.527), and gestational hypertension (adjusted OR=2.098,95%CI:1.018~4.324) as well as preeclampsia(adjusted OR:2.029, 95%CI:1.331~3.093). The stratified analysis of weight gain in 3rd trimester showed that there was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes compared to weight gain rate groups in 2nd trimester.Conclusions: While this study showed gestational weight gain rate less than or greater than in 3rd trimester were associated with some adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes, further studies of prospective and multi-center researches are required to explore alternate ranges of gestational weight gain rate in twin pregnancies.

scholarly journals Detection of Artificially Water-Injected Frozen Octopus minor (Sasaki) Using Dielectric Properties

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongyoung Lee ◽  
Sangdae Lee ◽  
Chang Joo Lee ◽  
Seung Hyun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dielectric Properties ◽  
Microwave Frequency ◽  
Nondestructive Method ◽  
Freezing Process ◽  
Gain Rate ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Great Possibility ◽  
Octopus Minor ◽  
Weight Gain Rate

A few importers of marine products have practiced the fraud of artificially injecting water into Octopus minor for increasing their weights prior to the freezing process. These rampant practices have recently become a serious social issue and threaten public health. Therefore, it is necessary to develop the detection method for artificially water-injected frozen Octopus minor. This study was conducted to develop the nondestructive method for verifying adulterated Octopus minor by measuring dielectric properties using the coaxial probe method. Regardless of weight and measurement locations, a significant difference between ε values from normal octopuses was not observed. The ε values of Octopus minor were decreased in the microwave frequency range between 500 and 3000 MHz. The ε values of water-injected octopuses also showed similar trend with normal octopuses; however, the dielectric loss factor (ε″) values of adulterated octopuses were much lower than normal octopuses. After thawing normal, adulterated, and imported frozen Octopus minor, the ε values measured at the trunk part from these octopuses were compared and statistically analyzed. The ε″ values from normal frozen octopus were significantly different from adulterated and imported frozen octopuses. In addition, the ε″ values from the adulterated frozen octopus group that weight gain rate was less than 20% was significantly different from other adulterated octopus groups with higher weight gain rate than 20%. The ε″ values from adulterated frozen octopus groups with the range of weight gain rate between 20 and 30% were quite similar to imported frozen octopuses. Therefore, it was found that the measurement of ε″ values from Octopus minor has a great possibility to distinguish normal frozen octopuses and artificially water-injected frozen octopuses.

Research on the Multifunction Fabric Loaded with Nano-ZnO and β-Cyclodextrin

2011 ◽  
Vol 332-334 ◽  
pp. 1439-1442
Author(s):  
Chun Mei Wang ◽  
Jin Xin He
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Photocatalytic Degradation ◽  
Cotton Fabric ◽  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
Bacterial Activity ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Nano Zno ◽  
Gain Rate ◽  
Weight Gain Rate

Nano-ZnO sol solution was prepared by using Zn(CH3COO)2•2H2O as raw material and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) was added into the sol, then cotton fabric was treaded with the sol by pad-dry-cure technique. Moreover, the fixation fastness of the composite sol on the fabric was improved by adding the adhesives. Based on the tests of anti-UV, photocatalysis, antibacterial and weight gain rate after adsorbing essence, the results showed that the treated cotton fabrics added with β-CD had better adsorbability to essence, anti-bacterial activity, photocatalytic degradation to formaldehyde and excellent anti-UV property.

scholarly journals Comparing the metabolic fates of BALB/c mice maintained on cafeteria-style diets with differential nutritive values

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zaid ◽  
Fatima Ameer ◽  
Ayesha Ali ◽  
Zunaira Shoukat ◽  
Rida Rashid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Gain Rate ◽  
Weight Gain Rate ◽  
Diet Model

AbstractCafeteria (CAF) diet-fed rodents are shown to provide a robust model of metabolic syndrome and human obesity. The carbohydrate/fat-rich food-items provided to the CAF-diet-model more closely approximate the ultra-processed human diet. However, most of the previous studies applied the commercially available rodent chow-diet for the comparative analyses and labeled it as a healthy-diet. The presented work aims to extend the knowledge on CAF-diet model by exposing the mice to human foods with different nutritional values. Our major goal was to study the metabolic fates of mice maintained on human food-items, which depending upon on their macronutrient compositions are categorized as healthy or unhealthy. BALB/c mice were randomly allocated to one of the three dietary intervention groups, standard chow diet; high-sugar/high-fat-cafeteria (HSHF-CAF) diet; or low-sugar/low-fat-cafeteria (LSLF-CAF) diet, for 5 weeks. The differences in multiple metabolic parameters (including food-/energy /macronutrient-intake, body-weight gain rate, organ-to-body weight ratios, plasma lipid profiles, adipocyte physiology, lipid deposition in metabolic tissues and ectopic fat storage in heart and kidney) were compared among the three intervention groups. We did not observe hyperphagia in mice maintained on CAF-diets. Nonetheless, the CAF-diet-fed mice displayed increased weight-gain-rate, adiposity, and adipocyte hypertrophy when compared to the chow-fed mice. However, the mice maintained on the two cafeteria-style diets displayed similar metabolic profiles, with HSHF-CAF-group displaying slightly higher weight-gain-rate. The HSHF-CAF-and LSLF-CAF-diet induced comparable adiposity in BALB/c mice. Further studies, with longer dietary intervention periods, are required to elucidate the effects of differential CAF-diets on the metabolic health of mice.

scholarly journals Growth and survival of tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) submitted to different temperatures during the process of sex reversal

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 895-902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Delarete Drummond ◽  
Luis David Solis Murgas ◽  
Bruno Vicentini
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Hormone Treatment ◽  
Sex Reversal ◽  
Fish Culture ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Gain Rate ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Weight Gain Rate

The objective of this research was to evaluate the sex reversal technique using 17α--methyltestosterone (MT) hormone, submitted to temperature modification of fry Nilo tilapia storage, aiming to get the data of sex reversal combined with growth performance and fry survival. The experiment was performed at UFLA Fish Culture Station, using tilapia fry (0,008 ± 0.002 g e 0,9 ± 0.1 cm) obeying a totally randomized experimental delineation in a factorial scheme 4x4, in 4 temperatures (26º, 28º, 30º, 32ºC) and 4 hormonal doses (0, 20, 40, 60mg of MT/kg of ration) during 28 days, with 5 repetitions. As temperature raised, weight gain rate, size and survival increased (p<0.01); however, this temperature raise was not effective in modifying males ratio (p>0.01), which occurred only due to the used hormone treatment. The dose of 40 mg of MT/kg of ration provided similar results to those of 60mg of MT/kg of ration. Hence, the temperature band from 26º to 32ºC does not affect sex reversal rate, but temperatures around 30ºC improves the performance of tilapias related to the growth and survival, and the dose of 40 mg of MT/kg of ration is enough to achieve monosex populations.

scholarly journals Unhealthy dietary patterns are associated with weight gain during pregnancy among Finnish women

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 2392-2399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulla Uusitalo ◽  
Tuula Arkkola ◽  
Marja-Leena Ovaskainen ◽  
Carina Kronberg-Kippilä ◽  
Mike G Kenward ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Maternal Weight ◽  
Birth Registry ◽  
Food Pattern ◽  
Gain Rate ◽  
Weight Gain Rate

AbstractObjectiveTo study whether the dietary patterns of Finnish pregnant women are associated with their weight gain rate during pregnancy.DesignA validated 181-item FFQ was applied retrospectively to assess the diet during the eighth month of pregnancy, and maternal height and maternal weight at first and last antenatal visits were recalled. Information on sociodemographic characteristics, parity and smoking of the pregnant women was obtained by a structured questionnaire and from the Finnish Birth Registry. Principal components analysis was used to identify dietary patterns that described the diet of pregnant women based on their food consumption profile.SettingFinland.SubjectsSubjects consisted of 3360 women who had newly delivered in 1997–2002 and whose baby carried human leucocyte antigen-conferred susceptibility to type 1 diabetes in two university hospital regions, Oulu and Tampere, in Finland.ResultsOut of seven dietary patterns identified, the ‘fast food’ pattern was positively associated (β = 0·010, se = 0·003, P = 0·004) and the ‘alcohol and butter’ pattern was inversely associated (β = –0·010, se = 0·003, P < 0·0001) with weight gain rate (kg/week) during pregnancy after adjusting for potential dietary, perinatal and sociodemographic confounding factors. Both of the dietary pattern associations demonstrated dose dependency.ConclusionsPregnant women should be guided to have a well-planned, balanced, healthy diet during pregnancy in order to avoid rapid gestational weight gain. The association between diet, health and maternal weight gain of the women who consumed alcohol during pregnancy should be studied further.

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