Integrated Instrument Based on SOPC

2012 ◽  
Vol 214 ◽  
pp. 141-147
Author(s):  
Zheng Ma ◽  
Ming Liu Liu ◽  
A Hui Yang ◽  
You Yang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Sine Wave ◽  
Signal Generator ◽  
Soft Core ◽  
Control Center ◽  
Dc Voltage ◽  
Square Wave ◽  
Digital Oscilloscope ◽  
Dc Current

This instrument based on SOPC technology is embedded with a NIOS soft-core in Cyclone III as a control center that integrates digital oscilloscope, DDS signal generator and a simple digital multi-meter. It can measure AC signal of 200 Hz-5MHz and 10mVpp-10Vpp, display and store the wave, and can also manually and automatically adjust the amplitude and frequency. This instrument can generate sine wave of 10Hz to 1.5MHz, square wave of 10Hz to 200 KHz, triangle wave, and saw-tooth wave vary from 150mVpp to 10Vpp. Also, it can measure AC and DC voltage of 20mV to 200V, the AC and DC current of 2mA to 1A, resistance of 20Ω to 2MΩ, maintaining 5% accuracy. It is simple, easy to use, can fulfill the general experiment requirements with good performance and strong practicability.

Design of a Functional Signal Generator Based on MAX038 and Microcontroller

2014 ◽  
Vol 915-916 ◽  
pp. 1167-1170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Hu
Keyword(s):  
Power Amplifier ◽  
Sine Wave ◽  
Signal Generator ◽  
Function Generator ◽  
Triangular Wave ◽  
Square Wave ◽  
Wave Signal ◽  
Frequency Adjustment ◽  
Voltage Amplifier ◽  
Output Amplitude

Based on SCM STC89C52 and MAX038, a function signal generator for generating a frequency and amplitude can be programmed to adjust the sine wave, square wave and triangular wave signal. MAX038 function generator with a small amount of peripheral devices are responsible for generating waveforms, which then are input into the LM6361 wideband voltage amplifier and a power amplifier is output. Master STC89C52 is responsible for selecting and managing the waveform types, frequency adjustment, output amplitude adjustment, LCD, and keyboard work of each module operation.

Intelligent Signal Generator Based AT89C51 Microcontroller

2012 ◽  
Vol 152-154 ◽  
pp. 1650-1657
Author(s):  
Li Rong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Performance Testing ◽  
Sine Wave ◽  
Signal Generator ◽  
Square Wave ◽  
Control Signals ◽  
Design Program ◽  
And Performance

In order to precisely control signals generators，we designed hardware of waveform signal generator by using AT89C51 Microcontroller, on this basis, design program of the sine wave, triangle wave, square wave and saw tooth wave detailed , final testing of the system as a whole and performance testing , these have high practical and useful in the production.

Development of a Microcontroller-Based 6/12/18/24V Power Inverter Circuit

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Abiodun Ogunseye ◽  
Daniel Ogheneovo Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Tolerance Limits ◽  
C Language ◽  
Dc Voltage ◽  
Square Wave ◽  
Design Specifications ◽  
Development Tool ◽  
Nominal Voltage ◽  
Single Input ◽  
Inverter Circuit

A power inverter circuits is normally designed to meet its design specifications when the applied input DC voltage is within specified tolerance limits. Thus, single input inverters are usually specified to work from a DC source having a fixed nominal voltage. This limits the usefulness of the inverter circuit when a DC source having the specified nominal voltage is not available. In this work, a modified square wave inverter system that is specified to work properly from batteries with nominal voltages of 6, 12, 18 and 24 V was designed.  A model of the microcontroller-based circuit was developed with Proteus® software and its firmware was written in C language using the MicroC® development tool. A prototype of the circuit was constructed and then tested.  The constructed circuit was found to work properly by producing a 50 Hz modified square waveform when it was powered from batteries having nominal voltages of 6 V, 12 V, 18 V and 24 V.

Sine-Wave Exciting Circuit for Quartz Vibrating Gyroscope

2013 ◽  
Vol 562-565 ◽  
pp. 417-420
Author(s):  
Qing Yi Wang ◽  
Xiao Wei Liu ◽  
Rui Zhang ◽  
Liang Yin ◽  
Zhi Ping Zhou
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Small Volume ◽  
Angular Rate ◽  
Sine Wave ◽  
Processing Technology ◽  
Angular Rate Sensor ◽  
Square Wave ◽  
Rate Sensor ◽  
Is Design ◽  
Cmos Processing

Quartz vibrating gyroscope is a kind of angular rate sensor which is the compromise between the high performance and the small volume. Improvement of the performance is a focus of reach. In this paper, a sine-wave exciting method is discussed. A sine-wave exciting circuit is design and processed with 0.5μm CMOS processing technology. During comparing the sine-wave exciting response and the square-wave one, the sine-wave exciting circuit is more beneficial to improve the performance of the quartz vibrating gyroscope.

Electroconvulsive Therapy and the Seizure Threshold*

1983 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 445-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.A. Martin ◽  
S. Strigler ◽  
K. Bezchlibnyk ◽  
G.E. Harris-Brandts
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Electroconvulsive Therapy ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Sine Wave ◽  
Routine Clinical Practice ◽  
Large Series ◽  
Seizure Threshold ◽  
Square Wave ◽  
Rate Of Failure

The use of a pulsatile square wave stimulus for a large series of electroconvulsive treatments under conditions of routine clinical practice is compared to the equivalent experience with a sine wave stimulus. The literature indicates that both waveforms are equally effective convulsants. However, in this series, the induction of a convulsion was found to be much more difficult with the pulsatile square wave such that the rate of failure to convulse was four times that compared to sine wave stimulation. A number of variables that may affect the seizure threshold during ECT were examined. It is concluded that the benefit obtained by reducing the electrical energy transmitted to the patient with the pulsatile stimulus offsets the difficulty encountered in reaching the seizure threshold.

scholarly journals Periodically and quasi-periodically driven dynamics of Bose-Einstein condensates

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengfei Zhang ◽  
Yingfei Gu
Keyword(s):  
Phase Boundary ◽  
Quantum Dynamics ◽  
Scattering Length ◽  
Finite Measure ◽  
Sine Wave ◽  
Square Wave ◽  
Periodically Driven ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Bose Einstein

We study the quantum dynamics of Bose-Einstein condensates when the scattering length is modulated periodically or quasi-periodically in time within the Bogoliubov framework. For the periodically driven case, we consider two protocols where the modulation is a square-wave or a sine-wave. In both protocols for each fixed momentum, there are heating and non-heating phases, and a phase boundary between them. The two phases are distinguished by whether the number of excited particles grows exponentially or not. For the quasi-periodically driven case, we again consider two protocols: the square-wave quasi-periodicity, where the excitations are generated for almost all parameters as an analog of the Fibonacci-type quasi-crystal; and the sine-wave quasi-periodicity, where there is a finite measure parameter regime for the non-heating phase. We also plot the analogs of the Hofstadter butterfly for both protocols.

The Dependence of Monocular Rivalry on Spatial Frequency

Perception ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Atkinson ◽  
F W Campbell ◽  
A Fiorentini ◽  
L Maffei
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Frequency ◽  
Sine Wave ◽  
Ambiguous Figures ◽  
Alternation Rate ◽  
Higher Harmonics ◽  
Square Wave ◽  
Sharp Edges ◽  
Harmonic Components ◽  
Sine Wave Gratings

The effect of change in spatial frequency on the alternation rate of two crossed gratings was measured. The rate was found to decrease with increase in spatial frequency, but to change only little with contrast. Low alternation rate was observed for crossed square-wave gratings compared to crossed sine-wave gratings; here the rate of rivalry is largely dependent upon the presence or absence of the first three harmonic components rather than the higher harmonics which contribute to the sharp edges of the square wave. The results are compared with those for some ambiguous figures.

scholarly journals The Perceived Direction of Textured Gratings and Their Motion Aftereffects

Perception ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 1383-1396 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Alais ◽  
Maarten J van der Smagt ◽  
Frans A J Verstraten ◽  
Wim A van de Grind
Keyword(s):  
Motion Aftereffect ◽  
Sine Wave ◽  
Circular Aperture ◽  
High Luminance ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Square Wave ◽  
Aperture Problem ◽  
Motion Energy ◽  
Motion Aftereffects ◽  
Do So

The stimuli in these experiments are square-wave luminance gratings with an array of small random dots covering the high-luminance regions. Owing to the texture, the direction of these gratings, when seen through a circular aperture, is disambiguated because the visual system is provided with an unambiguous motion energy. Thus, the direction of textured gratings can be varied independently of grating orientation. When subjects are required to judge the direction of textured gratings moving obliquely relative to their orientation, they can do so accurately (experiment 1). This is of interest because most studies of one-dimensional motion perception have involved (textureless) luminance-defined sine-wave or square-wave gratings, and the perceived direction of these gratings is constrained by the aperture problem to be orthogonal to their orientation. Thus, direction and orientation have often been confounded. Interestingly, when subjects are required to judge the direction of an obliquely moving textured grating during a period of adaptation and then the direction of the motion aftereffect (MAE) immediately following adaptation (experiments 2 and 3), these directions are not directly opposite each other. MAE directions were always more orthogonal to the orientation of the adapting grating than the corresponding direction judgments during adaptation (by as much as 25°). These results are not readily explained by conventional MAE models and possible accounts are considered.

scholarly journals Comparative Evaluation of a Permanent Magnet Machine Saliency-Based Drive with Sine-Wave and Square-Wave Voltage Injection

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyun-You Chen ◽  
Shih-Chin Yang ◽  
Kai-Hsiang Tu
Keyword(s):  
Permanent Magnet ◽  
Pulse Width Modulation ◽  
Dead Time ◽  
Sine Wave ◽  
Position Estimation ◽  
Feedback Signal ◽  
Estimation Errors ◽  
Square Wave ◽  
Position Errors ◽  
Voltage Signal

This paper improves a permanent magnet (PM) machine saliency-based drive performance based on the selection of a suitable injection signal. For the saliency-based position estimation, a persistently high-frequency (HF) voltage signal is injected to obtain a measurable spatial saliency feedback signal. The injection signal can be sine-wave or square-wave alternating current (AC) voltage manipulated by the inverter’s pulse width modulation (PWM). Due to the PWM dead-time effect, these HF voltage injection signals might be distorted, leading to secondary harmonics on the saliency signal. In addition, the flux saturation in machine rotors also results in other saliency harmonics. These nonlinear attributes cause position estimation errors on saliency-based drives. In this paper, two different voltage signals are analyzed to find a suited voltage which is less sensitive to these nonlinear attributes. Considering the inverter dead-time, a sine-wave voltage signal reduces its influence on the saliency signal. By contrast, the flux saturation causes the same amount of error on two injection signals. Analytical equations are developed to investigate position errors caused by the dead-time and flux saturation. An interior PM machine with the saliency ratio of 1.41 is tested for the experimental verification.

Follow-Up Study of Memory Deficits after ECT

1982 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 325-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wallace Shellenberger ◽  
Marvin J. Miller ◽  
Iver F. Small ◽  
Victor Milstein ◽  
James R. Stout
Keyword(s):  
Memory Loss ◽  
Memory Deficits ◽  
Sine Wave ◽  
Memory Test ◽  
Wave Group ◽  
Subjective Memory ◽  
Square Wave ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Follow Up Study

Twenty-four patients received ECT induced by either alternating sine wave or brief pulsed-square wave stimulus and were evaluated at follow-up for clinical functioning and subjective memory loss. The hypothesis of less memory loss in the group receiving a weaker stimulus (pulsed-square wave) was not supported. The two treatment groups and a group of controls showed no significant differences on the memory test. On measures of clinical functioning the sine wave group scored better on every measure than the square wave group, although not significantly better.

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