Optimize Vane Length to Improve In-Cylinder Air Characteristic of CI Engine Using Higher Viscous Fuel

2013 ◽  
Vol 393 ◽  
pp. 293-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Idris Saad ◽  
Saiful Bari
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Combustion Efficiency ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Ic Engine ◽  
Ci Engine ◽  
Ci Engines ◽  
Vane Angle

Environmental issues and the depletion of worldwide crude oil sources have developed the requirement for an alternative fuel to power internal combustion engines. Vegetable oil, waste cooking oil and biodiesel are all renewable, environmentally sustainable and compatible with current Compression Ignition (CI) engines with little to no engine modification necessary. These fuels however have a higher viscosity than conventional petro-diesel and may be referred to as Higher Viscous Fuels (HVF). HVF have reduced in-cylinder combustion efficiency when compared with petro-diesel which reduces the engine performance in terms of output power, torque and fuel efficiency. A possible solution to the reduced efficiency is through the use of a Guide Vane Swirl and Tumble Device (GVSTD). This device when installed in front of the air intake manifold may produce improved air flow characteristics. This improves the efficiency of the evaporation processes and air-fuel mixing and therefore improves overall combustion efficiency. The effect of GVSTDs on in-cylinder air flow was studied using 3D Internal Combustion (IC) engine simulation under motored engine conditions. This was done using ANSYS-CFX. The base model engine was adapted from the Hino W04D model CI engine. The model throughout all simulations was run at a constant speed of 1500 rpm. There are four parameters to consider for GVSTD models; vane length, vane height, vane angle and the number of vanes. For the purpose of this study, the vane height, vane angle and the number of vanes were maintained as constants leaving the vane length as the variable parameter. 11 GVSTD models were simulated each varying from 1.5 to 4.5 times the radius of the intake runner (R) in 0.3R increments. To analyze the air-flow characteristics, the maximum in-cylinder pressure, Turbulence Kinetic Energy (TKE) and velocity were measured. It was found that for the constant values for vane height, vane angle and the number of vanes of 0.2R, 35° twist angle and 4 perpendicularly-arranged respectively, the in-cylinder pressure, TKE and velocity were optimum for the vane lengths of 3.6 to 3.9 times R.

Experimental Study of Spark Plasma Stretching and Combustion Variations Analysis Using Flame Luminosity Images From an Optically Accessible Internal Combustion Engine

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Behdad Afkhami ◽  
Yanyu Wang ◽  
Scott A. Miers ◽  
Jeffrey D. Naber
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Combustion Stability ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Ic Engine ◽  
Flame Kernel ◽  
Spark Plasma ◽  
Intensity Images ◽  
Fuel Mixtures

Abstract Understanding the behavior of spark plasma and flame initiation in internal combustion engines leads to improvement in fuel economy and exhaust emissions. This paper experimentally investigated spark plasma stretching and cycle-to-cycle variations under various engine speed, load, and air–fuel mixtures using natural luminosity images. Natural luminosity images of combustion in an IC engine provide information about the flame speed, rate of energy release, and combustion stability. Binarization of the intensity images has been a desirable method for detecting flame front and studying flame propagation in combustors. However, binarization can cause a loss of information in the images. To study spark plasma stretching, the location of maximum intensity was tracked and compared to the trajectory of the flame centroid in binarized images as a representative for bulk flow motion. Analysis showed comparable trends between the trajectories of the flame centroid and spark stretching. From three air–fuel mixtures, the spark plasma for the lean mixture appeared to be more sensitive to the stretching. In addition, this research investigated combustion variations using two-dimensional (2D) intensity images and compared the results to coefficient of variation (COV) of indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) computed from in-cylinder pressure data. The results revealed a good correlation between the variations of the luminosity field during the main phase of combustion and the COV of IMEP. However, during the ignition and very early flame kernel formation, utilizing the luminosity field was more powerful than in-cylinder pressure-related parameters to capture combustion variations.

scholarly journals Method for Determining Volumetric Efficiency and Its Experimental Validation

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-17
Author(s):  
Andrzej Ambrozik ◽  
Dariusz Kurczyński ◽  
Piotr Łagowski
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Thermodynamic System ◽  
Volumetric Efficiency ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Operating Cycle ◽  
Ic Engine ◽  
Amount Of Substance

Abstract Modern means of transport are basically powered by piston internal combustion engines. Increasingly rigorous demands are placed on IC engines in order to minimise the detrimental impact they have on the natural environment. That stimulates the development of research on piston internal combustion engines. The research involves experimental and theoretical investigations carried out using computer technologies. While being filled, the cylinder is considered to be an open thermodynamic system, in which non-stationary processes occur. To make calculations of thermodynamic parameters of the engine operating cycle, based on the comparison of cycles, it is necessary to know the mean constant value of cylinder pressure throughout this process. Because of the character of in-cylinder pressure pattern and difficulties in pressure experimental determination, in the present paper, a novel method for the determination of this quantity was presented. In the new approach, the iteration method was used. In the method developed for determining the volumetric efficiency, the following equations were employed: the law of conservation of the amount of substance, the first law of thermodynamics for open system, dependences for changes in the cylinder volume vs. the crankshaft rotation angle, and the state equation. The results of calculations performed with this method were validated by means of experimental investigations carried out for a selected engine at the engine test bench. A satisfactory congruence of computational and experimental results as regards determining the volumetric efficiency was obtained. The method for determining the volumetric efficiency presented in the paper can be used to investigate the processes taking place in the cylinder of an IC engine.

scholarly journals Numerical Investigation of Fluid Flow and In-Cylinder Air Flow Characteristics for Higher Viscosity Fuel Applications

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Fadzli Hamid ◽  
Mohamad Yusof Idroas ◽  
Shukriwani Sa’ad ◽  
Teoh Yew Heng ◽  
Sharzali Che Mat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Guide Vane ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Intake Manifold ◽  
3D Analysis ◽  
Ansys Fluent ◽  
Ic Engine ◽  
Cold Flow ◽  
Ci Engine ◽  
Combustion Processes

Generally, the compression ignition (CI) engine that runs with emulsified biofuel (EB) or higher viscosity fuel experiences inferior performance and a higher emission compared to petro diesel engines. The modification is necessary to standard engine level in order to realize its application. This paper proposes a guide vane design (GVD), which needs to be installed in the intake manifold, is incorporated with shallow depth re-entrance combustion chamber (SCC) pistons. This will organize and develop proper in-cylinder airflow to promote better diffusion, evaporation and combustion processes. The model of GVD and SCC piston was designed using SolidWorks 2017; while ANSYS Fluent version 15 was utilized to run a 3D analysis of the cold flow IC engine. In this research, seven designs of GVD with the number of vanes varied from two to eight vanes (V2–V8) are used. The four-vane model (V4) has shown an excellent turbulent flow as well as swirl, tumble and cross tumble ratios in the fuel-injected region compared to other designs. This is indispensable to break up heavier fuel molecules of EB to mix with the air that will eventually improve engine performance.

Effect of IC Engine Operating Conditions on Combustion and Emission Characteristics

1993 ◽  
Vol 115 (4) ◽  
pp. 694-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiang Lu ◽  
Ashwani K. Gupta ◽  
Eugene L. Keating
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
Ic Engine ◽  
Pollutants Emission ◽  
Good Agreement

Numerical simulation of flow, combustion, heat release rate, and pollutants emission characteristics have been obtained using a single cylinder internal combustion engine operating with propane as the fuel. The data show that for good agreement with experimental results on the peak pressure and the rate of pressure rise as a function of crank angle, spark ignition energy and local cylinder pressure must be properly modeled. The results obtained for NO and CO showed features which are qualitatively in good agreement and are similar to those reported in the literature for the chosen combustion chamber geometry. The results have shown that both the combustion chamber geometry and engine operating parameters affects the flame growth within the combustion chamber which subsequently affects the pollutants emission levels. The code employed the time marching procedure and solves the governing partial differential equations of multicomponent chemically reacting fluid flow by finite difference method. The numerical results provide a cost effective means of developing advanced internal combustion engine chamber geometry design that provides high efficiency and low pollution levels. It is expected that increased computational tools will be used in the future for enhancing our understanding of the detailed combustion process in internal combustion engines and all other energy conversion systems. Such detailed information is critical for the development of advanced methods for energy conservation and environmental pollution control.

A Simple Combustion Efficiency Indicator for Automobile Engines

1973 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 399-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Bolton ◽  
D. S. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Fuel Mixture ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Combustion Efficiency ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Widespread Application ◽  
Mixture Ratio ◽  
Automobile Engines

A cheap device which can indicate carbon monoxide levels in exhaust emission of internal combustion engines, and hence could be used for adjusting the engine's operating air: fuel mixture ratio, would have widespread application in garages, etc. The instrument described here is sensitive to both unburnt hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide but measures the carbon monoxide to an accuracy well within the tuning capability of most carburation systems.

Performance and Emission Characteristics of Bio-Diesel as an Alternative Diesel Engine Fuel

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samiddha Palit ◽  
Bijan Kumar Mandal ◽  
Sudip Ghosh ◽  
Arup Jyoti Bhowal
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
Engine Fuel ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Ci Engine ◽  
Ic Engines

Fast depletion of the conventional petroleum-based fossil fuel reserves and the detrimental effects of the pollutant emissions associated with the combustion of these fuels in internal combustion (IC) engines propelled the exploration and development of alternative fuels for internal combustion engines. Biodiesel has been identified as one of the most promising alternative fuels for IC engines. This paper discusses about the advantages and disadvantages of biodiesel vis-a-vis the conventional petro-diesel and presents the energetic performances and emission characteristics of CI engine using biodiesel and biodiesel-petrodiesel blends as fuels. An overview of the current research works carried out by several researchers has been presented in brief. A review of the performance analysis suggests that biodiesel and its blends with conventional diesel have comparable brake thermal efficiencies. The energy balance studies show that biodiesel returns more than 3 units of energy for each unit used in its production. However, the brake specific fuel consumption increases by about 9–14% compared to diesel fuel. But, considerable improvement in environmental performance is obtained using biodiesel. There is significant reduction in the emissions of unburned hydrocarbons, polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), soot, particulates, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide with biodiesel. But the NOx emission is more with biodiesel compared to diesel. A case study with Jatropha biodiesel as fuel and the current development status, both global and Indian, of biodiesel as a CI engine fuel have been included in the paper.

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