Comparative Study of Microclimate Diversity and Transition Characteristics Focused on the Living Environment in the Cold-Winter and Hot-Summer Area of China

2013 ◽  
Vol 409-410 ◽  
pp. 695-698
Author(s):  
Zu Kang Lei ◽  
Zhi Qiang Gao
Keyword(s):  
Indoor Environment ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Cold Winter ◽  
Interior Spaces ◽  
Living Space ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Main Factor

This article surveys mainly the microclimate diversity and transition characteristics of air temperatures and relative humiditys differences between exterior and different interior spaces at a typical Chinese residence in the cold-winter and hot-summer area by summer and winter, which is under the situation without air conditioning. According to the results, building envelope is the main factor of affecting the stability of indoor environment, limited impact on the relative humidity. The closed state of living space and ventilation are also the origin of causing the difference of RH.

scholarly journals IRRIGATION - THE BASIS FOR INCREASING THE STABILITY OF ENTOMOCENOSES IN ARID CONDITIONS OF SOUTHEAST OF RUSSIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-39
Author(s):  
Виктор Мелихов ◽  
Viktor Melihov ◽  
Евгений Комаров ◽  
Evgeniy Komarov ◽  
Ольга Комарова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Abundance ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Physiological Indicators ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Irrigated Crops ◽  
Microclimatic Conditions ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Pesticide Load ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Relationship

The article presents materials of perennial (1988–2017) studies on solving problems of stabilizing the phytosanitary situation in irrigated agrocenoses. The paper presents the results of studying the species abundance and insects, the patterns of their change under the influence of irrigation in the Lower Volga region. The effect of irrigation on the change in environmental conditions by the parameters of productivity of agrobiocenoses and microclimate is shown. The difference in air temperature in irrigated by sprinkling and non-irrigated agrocenoses immediately after watering reaches 7-8° C. In general, during the growing season, the average daily air temperatures in the irrigated agrocenosis were 2-4° C lower, compared to the non-irrigated. More mesophytic microclimatic conditions, which are formed under the influence of irrigation, are the leading factor determining the increase in the biodiversity of the entomocomplexes of irrigated agrocenoses due to an increase in species abundance and the number of mesophilic and hygrophilic insects. An increase in species diversity and abundance of meso-and hygrophilic in irrigated agricultural landscapes due to the emergence of new micro-sites (canals, spillways, storage ponds, etc.) is also shown. The formation of irrigated conditions in poly-dominant entomological communities, which increase the balance of the agroecosystem, including by optimizing its trophic structure. The changing ecological situation in irrigated agricultural landscapes determines the cultivation of plants with optimized physiological indicators, and the biological characteristics of the development of harmful and beneficial insects change under irrigation conditions. All this directly affects the relationship between phytophages and plants, as well as their survival, fertility, life expectancy of individual phases and other biological features of populations. It is noted that on irrigated crops there is a more favorable relationship between entomophages and pests, making it possible to self-regulate the entomofauna due to increased activity of entomophages. This creates a real opportunity to save the crop and reduce the pesticide load by 40-50% on irrigated crops.

Indoor Thermal Environment Simulation by Using MATLAB and Simulink

2010 ◽  
Vol 29-32 ◽  
pp. 2785-2788
Author(s):  
Jian Yao ◽  
Jin Xu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Indoor Environment ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Cold Winter ◽  
Performance Simulation ◽  
Application Study ◽  
Indoor Thermal Environment ◽  
Energy Efficient Buildings ◽  
Environment Simulation

To compare the indoor thermal environment under different building envelope constructions, a Matlab-based tool was presented for building envelope performance simulation. An application study of two cases illustrates energy efficient buildings can provide more suitable indoor environment than non-energy efficient buildings in cold winter and hot summer. In conclusion, this paper provides a new and fast way for the prediction of indoor thermal environment.

Study on the indoor environmental performance of complex insulation material: Carbonized rice hull and glass wool

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng-Ri Yin ◽  
Dongwoo Yeom ◽  
Kyu-In Lee
Keyword(s):  
Indoor Environment ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Glass Wool ◽  
Rice Hull ◽  
Insulation Material ◽  
Control Performance ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Insulation Wall ◽  
Indoor Humidity

The purpose of this study is to make a complex insulation material with carbonized rice hull and glass wool and to verify the environmental control performance. Full-scale experimental mock-ups were constructed, and the control performance in an indoor environment was compared and verified through monitoring experiments. The complex insulation mock-up showed a relatively high temperature during spring, summer and autumn. The difference in the heat storage capacity of the materials was the cause for this difference. Also, the complex insulation material was proven as more effective at maintaining the stability of the indoor environment and temperature during spring, summer and autumn. In addition, the complex insulation was able to control the indoor humidity at a comfortable level during every season. Our results have therefore verified that the carbonized rice hull was effective at controlling the indoor humidity. When compared with the pure carbonized rice hull insulation, the complex insulation wall was relatively thin; therefore, more net indoor area could be achieved by using the complex insulation material. In addition, if self-produced, the complex insulation could be economically more feasible. Therefore, this complex material was synthetically proven to have merits for insulation of lightweight timber houses for thermal comfort of occupants.

scholarly journals A comparison of the effect of indoor thermal and humidity condition on young and older adults' comfort and skin condition in winter

2021 ◽  
pp. 1420326X2110309
Author(s):  
Yi Jin ◽  
Fan Wang ◽  
Sarah R. Payne ◽  
Richard B. Weller
Keyword(s):  
Indoor Air ◽  
Indoor Environment ◽  
Skin Condition ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Dry Skin ◽  
Design Standards ◽  
Humidity Level ◽  
Stratum Corneum Hydration ◽  
Research Procedure ◽  
The Difference

Dry indoor air has been identified as the main cause of dry skin in winter which greatly affects older occupants' wellbeing, but HVAC design standards are based on average adults and do not specify a humidity level that can prevent dry skin. A field study was carried out to understand the difference between the younger and older people with regards to thermal and humidity comfort and skin condition in winter. The study proves a research procedure that is friendly to and preferred by the participants to measure the effect of the indoor environment on their comfort and skin condition in a real living environment setting. The results suggest that younger and older occupants are different in thermal comfort, specifically older occupants prefer a warmer environment than younger occupants, and the neutral temperature produced by the predicted mean vote method is not warm enough for older occupants. The study also suggests stratum corneum hydration appears to be a good indicator to present the effect of indoor humidity on the occupants' skin condition, which can be used to determine the minimum humidity level to reduce the risk of suffering dry skin in winter.

Energy-Efficient Design of Super High-Rise Building in Hot Summer and Cold Winter Zone

2013 ◽  
Vol 361-363 ◽  
pp. 408-413
Author(s):  
Wan Ying Qu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Land Resource ◽  
Efficient Design ◽  
Cold Winter ◽  
High Rise ◽  
High Rise Building ◽  
Energy Efficient Design

With advances in technology and development, it has become very important to raise the citys land resource utilization. Super high-rise building is not only save the land, but also destruct the living environment. According to the climatic characteristics and geographical position of Hot Summer and Cold Winter, present situation of energy-saving in super high-rise buildings, this paper analyses energy-efficient design strategy of super high-rise building from natural ventilation, and energy efficiency of building envelope and renewable green space.

The Influence of Thermal Inertia Index on the Residential External Walls in Hot-Summer and Cold-Winter Areas

2013 ◽  
Vol 368-370 ◽  
pp. 562-565
Author(s):  
Min Xiao ◽  
Guo Qiang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Thermal Inertia ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Heating Power ◽  
Cold Winter ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Inertia Index

The evaluation method of residential building envelope thermal performance in hot-summer and cold-winter area is different from the method of the cold northern regions, that is, the merit of the thermal performance of walls and roofs should not be determined only by the heat transfer coefficient K or thermal resistance R, the impact of the thermal inertia index on the thermal performance of building envelope should also be considered. The analysis results show that, with the different values of thermal inertia index D, the difference of residential summer air-conditioning power consumption is not big, but the difference of residential winter heating power consumption is bigger, therefore, the high thermal inert wall is more conductive to reduce the winter heating power consumption than the low thermal inert wall.

scholarly journals Design Determinants of Building Envelope for Sustainable Built Environment: A Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gireendra Kumar ◽  
Gaurav Raheja
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Indoor Environment ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Building Envelopes ◽  
Built Form ◽  
Form Design ◽  
Environment Study ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

 Building envelope separates indoor environment form outside environment as well as provides a comfortable indoor environment through an appropriate balance of passive and active technologies. Building envelopes and its components are designed with respect to environmental, technological, socio-cultural, functional and aesthetic determinants. In contemporary scenario a major concern is to get a comfortable indoor environment in respect of thermal, visual and psychological comfort.  Further innovation in designing and construction of contemporary building envelope and its components is likely to be developed rapidly. Designing of buildings and its envelope have a major focus on making buildings sustainable by reducing energy consumption without compromising on user’s comfort. This creates a challenge to the designer and engineers to study and monitor the impact on performance of built form design determinants. This paper aims to describe and highlight the role of design determinants in building envelope and in its various components to achieve sustainable built environment. Study has described the difference in terms “energy efficiency and sustainability” in buildings and built spaces for users through the review of definitions and past researches. Further design concept and technology discussed through relevant examples of various typologies of building envelope system and described the parameters of building envelope’s transparent and opaque components for evaluation. This study is an attempt to describe the integration of design determinants like environmental, technological, socio- cultural, functional and aesthetic in building envelope and its components in making efficient and sustainable built form and space as per user comfort. The paper concludes with meaningful recommendations for sustainable development in designing future building envelopes.

Use of a Lyophilized Reference Plasma to Compare Coagulation Test Procedures

1975 ◽  
Vol 34 (02) ◽  
pp. 426-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Kahan ◽  
I Nohén
Keyword(s):  
Oral Anticoagulant Therapy ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Test Procedures ◽  
Coagulation Activity ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Measured Activity ◽  
Test Materials ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The One

SummaryIn 4 collaborative trials, involving a varying number of hospital laboratories in the Stockholm area, the coagulation activity of different test materials was estimated with the one-stage prothrombin tests routinely used in the laboratories, viz. Normotest, Simplastin-A and Thrombotest. The test materials included different batches of a lyophilized reference plasma, deep-frozen specimens of diluted and undiluted normal plasmas, and fresh and deep-frozen specimens from patients on long-term oral anticoagulant therapy.Although a close relationship was found between different methods, Simplastin-A gave consistently lower values than Normotest, the difference being proportional to the estimated activity. The discrepancy was of about the same magnitude on all the test materials, and was probably due to a divergence between the manufacturers’ procedures used to set “normal percentage activity”, as well as to a varying ratio of measured activity to plasma concentration. The extent of discrepancy may vary with the batch-to-batch variation of thromboplastin reagents.The close agreement between results obtained on different test materials suggests that the investigated reference plasma could be used to calibrate the examined thromboplastin reagents, and to compare the degree of hypocoagulability estimated by the examined PIVKA-insensitive thromboplastin reagents.The assigned coagulation activity of different batches of the reference plasma agreed closely with experimentally obtained values. The stability of supplied batches was satisfactory as judged from the reproducibility of repeated measurements. The variability of test procedures was approximately the same on different test materials.

In the stability of paints and varnishes for protective and decorative wood finish

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ю.И. Цой
Keyword(s):  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Ternary Systems ◽  
Solubility Parameters ◽  
Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Film Forming ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Molecular Forces ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Thermodynamic Interaction

Задача получения однородного состава ЛКМ сводится к правильному выбору пленкообразователей и соответствующих растворителей и, в случае необходимости, разбавителей и добавок. На основе положений теории растворимости была проведена оценка совместимости компонентов и стабильности таких систем. Критериями оценки были приняты параметры растворимости и термодинамического взаимодействия. Исследовали совместимость алкидных лаков с аминоформальдегидными смолами в бутаноле, и результаты этих исследований представлены в треугольной фазовой диаграмме. Для оценки совместимости смол по результатам расчета параметров термодинамического взаимодействия были построены спинодали для тройных систем. Как показывает анализ результатов проведенных исследований, даже при большой разности ?? = |?12 – ?13| = 0,2 наблюдается небольшая область несовместимости. С уменьшением разности ?? область несовместимости сужается. При ?23 > ?с область несовместимости расширяется как для ? = 0,2, так и для ?? = 0,1 и ?? = 0. Таким образом, для таких систем на совместимость компонентов, в первую очередь, влияет их взаимодействие между собой – чем оно больше, тем лучше они совместимы. Проведенные исследования показали, что парциальные параметры растворимости, учитывающие природу когезионных сил, более объективно характеризуют растворимость пленкообразующих смол в органических растворителях, чем их общий параметр растворимости. Растворимость пленкообразующих алкидных и этерифицированных аминоформальдегидных смол в органических растворителях обусловлена термодинамическим взаимодействием молекулярных сил различной природы. Стабильность смеси алкидной и этерифицированной аминоформальдегидной смолы в бутаноле обусловлена в большей степени термодинамическим взаимодействием молекулярных сил; при этом степень бутанолизации меламиноформальдегидной смолы оказывает наибольшее влияние на стабильность cистемы. Проведенные исследования по стабильности лакокрасочных смесей из различных пленкообразующих смол на основе рассмотренных критериев оценки могут быть использованы для совершенствования технологии защитно-декоративной отделки древесины. The problem of obtaining a homogeneous composition of the coatings is reduced to the proper selection of film-forming agents, and diluent and, if appropriate, diluents and additives. On the basis of the theory of solubility, we have carried out the assessment of the compatibility of the components and stability of such systems. The evaluation criteria were adopted the parameters of the solubility and thermodynamic interaction. Researched the compatibility with alkyd varnishes aminoformaldehyde resin in butanol, and the results of these studies are presented in the triangular phase diagram. To evaluate the compatibility of the resins according to the results of calculation of thermodynamic parameters of interaction were built spinodal for ternary systems. As the analysis of the results of the studies, even when the difference ??|?12 – ?13| = 0,2 there is a small area of incompatibility. With the decrease of the difference ? ? region incompatibility narrows. When ?23> ?с region incompatibility extends to ?? = 0,2, and for ?? = 0.1 and ?? = 0. Thus, for such systems, compatibility of components, primarily, affects their interaction with each other – the further away it is, the better they are compatible. Studies have shown that the partial solubility parameters, which take into account the nature of cohesive forces, more objectively characterize the solubility of film-forming resins in organic solvents than their total solubility parameter. The solubility and film-forming aminoformaldehyde esterified alkyd resins in organic solvents due to thermodynamic interaction of molecular forces of different nature. Тhe stability of the mixture and aminoformaldehyde esterified alkyd resin in butanol is generated largely by thermodynamic forces of molecular interaction; the degree of butanolate melamine-formaldehyde resin has the greatest effect on the stability of the system. Conducted research on the stability of the paint mixtures of various film-forming resins on the basis of the evaluation criteria can be used to improve the technology of protective and decorative wood finish.

Stability and mutual impact of perception of parental pressure and infants' social support – A study based on the difference between employment status and household income

2021 ◽  
pp. 002072092199705
Author(s):  
Yong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Household Income ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Working Mothers ◽  
Social Research ◽  
Research Report ◽  
Parental Pressure ◽  
Income Levels ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Stability

The purpose of this study is to explore the stability and interaction between parental pressure and social research report, as well as the role of employment status and family income levels in this process. This study used a special study on Korean children (PSKC) 2–4 waves. Use t-test, correlation and autoregressive cross-delay modeling to analyze the data. The main findings of this study are: First, over time, parental pressure and mother’s social research report are consistent. Secondly, the pressure of motherhood and childcare has an obvious lagging effect on upbringing, and vice versa. Third, there is no significant difference between working mothers and non-working mothers in terms of the stability of working parents' pressure, social research report and social research report for children's pressure channels. However, parental pressure can only predict the social research report of working mothers. Fourth, there is no significant difference between the stability and interaction of these two structures in household income levels. In short, the results show that, over time, parental pressure is consistent with mother’s social research report. The results also show that there is a significant cross-lag effect between the mothers’ perceptions of mutual pressure analysis. In the process from parental pressure to social research report, I found the difference between working and non-working mothers. The advantage of this study is that the expected longitudinal design was adopted during infancy and the priority between the two structures can be considered. The results of this study can be used as a source of intervention plans to help parents withstand severe parenting pressure and lack of social research report.

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