Comparison of Different Means to Determine Postcrash Velocity in a Real-World Vehicle-Pedestrian Accident

2014 ◽  
Vol 496-500 ◽  
pp. 3031-3033 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sen Su ◽  
Wen Jun Liu ◽  
Fu Ping Wang ◽  
Kui Li ◽  
Zhi Yong Yin
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Accident Reconstruction ◽  
Real Word ◽  
Event Data ◽  
Scientific Rationality ◽  
Vehicle Crash ◽  
Pedestrian Accident ◽  
Conventional Methods

In road traffic collisions, the majority of victims are pedestrians in many countries. Claims in vehicle-pedestrian collision often have to be settled in court. The most concern of vehicle crash accident reconstruction is to retrieve the postcrash velocity. In this study, the conventional methods and Event Data Recorder (EDR) were applied to determine postcrash velocity in a real-word vehicle-pedestrian accident. The study showed limitation and scientific rationality of the conventional methods, and the EDR data of this accident was verified at the same time.

Biomechanical Response of Upper Limb Fracture in Real-World Truck-to-Pedestrian Accident Using THUMS (Version 4.0)

2013 ◽  
Vol 423-426 ◽  
pp. 1782-1785
Author(s):  
Kui Li ◽  
Sheng Xiong Liu ◽  
Fu Ping Wang ◽  
Sen Su ◽  
Zhi Yong Yin
Keyword(s):  
Upper Limb ◽  
Real World ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Fe Analysis ◽  
Human Model ◽  
Limb Fracture ◽  
Forensic Practice ◽  
Pedestrian Accident ◽  
Biomechanical Response ◽  
Upper Limb Fracture

Upper limb fracture is easily found in the truck-to-pedestrian road traffic accident. And it is important to understand and elucidate the biomechanics of upper limb fractures caused by the frontal structure of the truck. Finite element (FE) analysis could potentially help in the understanding the biomechanical response mechanism of upper limb fracture. In this study, THUMS (Total Human Model for Safety) was applied to reconstruct the upper limb fracture in a real-world truck-to-pedestrian accident. Totally two FE simulations were conducted to find out the most likely scenario in this case. Analyzing the simulations of two possible scenarios clearly demonstrated that the simulation result of collision-to-left scenario was consistent with the autopsy finding, and bending mechanism could explain how the upper limb fracture occurs. Then we drew a conclusion that FE analysis is a valuable method for us to understand the biomechanical mechanism of upper limb fracture in the forensic practice.

Experimental Application of Global Positioning system To Locate Motor Vehicle Crashes: Impact on Time and Accuracy

1998 ◽  
Vol 1625 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
John S. Miller ◽  
Duane Karr
Keyword(s):  
Global Positioning System ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Motor Vehicle Crash ◽  
Positioning System ◽  
Gps Receivers ◽  
Crash Data ◽  
Vehicle Crash ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Conventional Methods

Motor vehicle crash countermeasures often are selected after an extensive data analysis of the crash history of a roadway segment. The value of this analysis depends on the accuracy or precision with which the crash itself is located. yet this crash location only is as accurate as the estimate of the police officer. Global Positioning System (GPS) technology may have the potential to increase data accuracy and decrease the time spent to record crash locations. Over 10 months, 32 motor vehicle crash locations were determined by using both conventional methods and hand-held GPS receivers, and the timeliness and precision of the methods were compared. Local crash data analysts were asked how the improved precision affected their consideration of potential crash countermeasures with regard to five crashes selected from the sample. On average, measuring a crash location by using GPS receivers added up to 10 extra minutes, depending on the definition of the crash location, the technology employed, and how that technology was applied. The average difference between conventional methods of measuring the crash location and either GPS or a wheel ranged from 5 m (16 ft) to 39 m (130 ft), depending on how one defined the crash location. Although there are instances in which improved precision will affect the evaluation of crash countermeasures, survey respondents and the literature suggest that problems with conventional crash location methods often arise from human error, not a lack of precision inherent in the technology employed.

scholarly journals Safety Analysis of Pedestrians As Users of Road Traffic in the Slovak Republic

Auspicia ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 38-56
Author(s):  
Pavel Kohút ◽  
Ludmila Macurová ◽  
Miroslav Felcan
Keyword(s):  
Police Officers ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Pedestrian Accident ◽  
Principle Of Proportionality

ABSTRACT: The paper deals with the analysis of traffic accidents involving pedestrians in the Slovak Republic. The development of traffic accidents involving pedestrians is processed through statistical data for the period 2011 - 2019. The paper defines the risk groups of road users, identified areas with the highest traffic accidents, evaluated the negative consequences of traffic accidents and identified their possible causes. A separate chapter is a case study consisting of an analysis of a vehicle - pedestrian accident. Based on the performed analysis of traffic accidents involving pedestrians, safety measures are set to minimize the number of traffic accidents involving pedestrians and their negative consequences. The study is one of the outputs of the APVV-17-0217 project "Staffing of police officers and application of the principle of proportionality in criminal and administrative law.

scholarly journals Motor Vehicle Crash-Related Subdural Hematoma from Real-World Head Impact Data

2012 ◽  
Vol 29 (18) ◽  
pp. 2774-2781 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jillian E. Urban ◽  
Christopher T. Whitlow ◽  
Colston A. Edgerton ◽  
Alexander K. Powers ◽  
Joseph A. Maldjian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Subdural Hematoma ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Head Impact ◽  
Motor Vehicle Crash ◽  
Vehicle Crash ◽  
Impact Data

Vehicle crash accident reconstruction based on the analysis 3D deformation of the auto-body

2008 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 459-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-yun Zhang ◽  
Xian-long Jin ◽  
Wen-guo Qi ◽  
Yi-zhi Guo
Keyword(s):  
Accident Reconstruction ◽  
Vehicle Crash ◽  
3D Deformation ◽  
Auto Body

Analyses of the response of a complex weighted network to nodes removal strategies considering links weight: The case of the Beijing urban road system

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (05) ◽  
pp. 1850067 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Bellingeri ◽  
Zhe-Ming Lu ◽  
Davide Cassi ◽  
Francesco Scotognella
Keyword(s):  
Complex Network ◽  
Real World ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Network Efficiency ◽  
Weighted Network ◽  
Node Importance ◽  
Connected Cluster ◽  
Binary Network ◽  
Binary Networks ◽  
Weighted Rank

Complex network response to node loss is a central question in different fields of science ranging from physics, sociology, biology to ecology. Previous studies considered binary networks where the weight of the links is not accounted for. However, in real-world networks the weights of connections can be widely different. Here, we analyzed the response of real-world road traffic complex network of Beijing, the most prosperous city in China. We produced nodes removal attack simulations using classic binary node features and we introduced weighted ranks for node importance. We measured the network functioning during nodes removal with three different parameters: the size of the largest connected cluster (LCC), the binary network efficiency (Bin EFF) and the weighted network efficiency (Weg EFF). We find that removing nodes according to weighted rank, i.e. considering the weight of the links as a number of taxi flows along the roads, produced in general the highest damage in the system. Our results show that: (i) in order to model Beijing road complex networks response to nodes (intersections) failure, it is necessary to consider the weight of the links; (ii) to discover the best attack strategy, it is important to use nodes rank accounting links weight.

Efficient Crash Structure Design for Road Traffic Accidents of Tomorrow

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesper Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Specific Energy ◽  
Real World ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Structure Design ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Reduced Order ◽  
Significant Potential ◽  
Reduced Order Modelling ◽  
Comprehensive Study

This is a comprehensive study exploring a number of innovativeapproaches to efficient crash structure design for automotive applications.The study is completed using a novel reduced order modelling approachenabling a detailed investigation that is not computationally prohibitive. The study includes a number of innovative designs with significant potential for dramatically increasing specific energy absorbance, but also highlights that some of these are more prone to a number of problematic aspects relating to real world implementation.

scholarly journals Manual für Methoden und Nutzung versorgungsnaher Daten zur Wissensgenerierung

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (08/09) ◽  
pp. 716-722
Author(s):  
Monika Klinkhammer-Schalke ◽  
Thomas Kaiser ◽  
Christian Apfelbacher ◽  
Stefan Benz ◽  
Karsten E. Dreinhöfer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Real Word ◽  
Real World Evidence ◽  
Vergleichende Studien

ZusammenfassungFür die Nutzung vorhandener Versorgungsdaten gibt es immer mehr gute Gründe, wobei v. a. die Nutzung von Registerdaten im Fokus steht. Das zugehörige, klar strukturierte methodische Vorgehen ist bisher noch unzureichend zusammengeführt, aufbereitet und transparent dargestellt. Das Deutsche Netzwerk Versorgungsforschung (DNVF) hat deswegen eine Ad hoc Kommission zur Nutzung versorgungsnaher Daten (RWE/RWD) ins Leben gerufen. Der vom IQWiG erstellte Rapid Report über die wissenschaftliche Ausarbeitung von Konzepten zur „Generierung versorgungsnaher Daten und deren Auswertung zum Zwecke der Nutzenbewertung von Arzneimitteln nach § 35a SGB V“ ist ein wesentlicher Schritt für die Nutzung von Registerdaten zur Evidenzgenerierung. Das vom DNVF 2020 veröffentlichte „Memorandum Register – Update 2019“ beschreibt Anforderungen und methodische Grundlagen von Registern. Best Practice Beispiele aus der Onkologie, die auf dem einheitlichen onkologischen Basisdatensatz für die Klinische Krebsregistrierung (§ 65c SGB V) beruhen, zeigen z. B., dass im Sinne einer wissensgenerierenden Versorgungsforschung mithilfe von Registerdaten Leitlinien überprüft sowie Empfehlungen für Leitlinien und notwendige Interventionen abgeleitet werden können. Gleichzeitig fehlen jedoch klare Qualitätsanforderungen und strukturierte formale und inhaltliche Vorgehensweisen in den Bereichen Datenzusammenführung, Datenprüfung und Nutzung spezifischer Methoden je nach vorhandener Fragestellung. Die bisher uneinheitlichen Vorgaben sollen aufgearbeitet und ein Methoden-Leitfaden zur Nutzung versorgungsnaher Daten entwickelt und veröffentlicht werden. Das erste Kapitel des Manuals zu Methoden versorgungsnaher Daten erläutert Zielstellung und Struktur des Manuals. Es wird dargelegt, warum die Verwendung des Begriffes „Versorgungsnahe Daten (VeDa)“ zielführender ist als die Nutzung der Begriffe Real Word Data (RWD) und Real World Evidence (RWE). Mit der Vermeidung des Begriffes „Real World“ soll insbesondere unterstrichen werden, dass auch qualitativ hochwertige Forschung auf Versorgungsdaten aufsetzen kann (z. B. registerbasierte vergleichende Studien).

scholarly journals High-resolution mapping of vehicle emissions of atmospheric pollutants based on large-scale, real-world traffic datasets

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daoyuan Yang ◽  
Shaojun Zhang ◽  
Tianlin Niu ◽  
Yunjie Wang ◽  
Honglei Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Real World ◽  
Vehicle Emissions ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Emission Inventory ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Dispersion Model ◽  
Traffic Monitoring ◽  
Atmospheric Pollutants ◽  
Link Model

Abstract. On-road vehicle emissions are a major contributor to elevated air pollution levels in populous metropolitan areas. We developed a link-level emissions inventory of vehicular pollutants, called EMBEV-Link, based on multiple datasets extracted from the extensive road traffic monitoring network that covers the entire municipality of Beijing, China (16 400 km2). We employed the EMBEV-Link model under various traffic scenarios to capture the significant variability in vehicle emissions, temporally and spatially, due to the real-world traffic dynamics and the traffic restrictions implemented by the local government. The results revealed high carbon monoxide (CO) and total hydrocarbon (THC) emissions in the urban area (i.e., within the Fifth Ring Road) and during rush hours, both associated with the passenger vehicle traffic. By contrast, considerable fractions of nitrogen oxides (NOX), fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and black carbon (BC) emissions were present beyond the urban area, as heavy-duty trucks (HDTs) were not allowed to drive through the urban area during daytime. The EMBEV-Link model indicates that non-local HDTs could for 29 % and 38 % of estimated total on-road emissions of NOX and PM2.5, which were ignored in previous conventional emission inventories. We further combined the EMBEV-Link emission inventory and a computationally efficient dispersion model, RapidAir®, to simulate vehicular NOX concentrations at fine resolutions (10 m × 10 m in the entire municipality and 1 m × 1 m in the hotspots). The simulated results indicated a close agreement with ground observations and captured sharp concentration gradients from line sources to ambient areas. During the nighttime when the HDT traffic restrictions are lifted, HDTs could be responsible for approximately 10 μg m−3 of NOX in the urban area. The uncertainties of conventional top-down allocation methods, which were widely used to enhance the spatial resolution of vehicle emissions, are also discussed by comparison with the EMBEV-Link emission inventory.

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