Components Analysis of Monomer Acid and Application in Biodiesel

2014 ◽  
Vol 521 ◽  
pp. 629-632
Author(s):  
Xiao Feng Liu
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Octadecenoic Acid ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Octadecanoic Acid ◽  
Tetradecanoic Acid ◽  
Toluenesulfonic Acid ◽  
Orthogonal Analysis ◽  
Components Analysis

The chemical components of fatty acid in monomer acid were determined by GC/MS. After the sample was etherified via methanol, the chemical ingredients and their relative contents of fatty acid in it were analyzed by GC/MS. Fifteen components (such as Myristic acid, Palmitic acid, Oleic acid and Stearic acid ) were identified. The analyzed results showed that the Tetradecanoic acid content reached up to 12.16%, the Hexadecanoic acid accounted for 8.51%, the Octadecenoic acid arrived at 25.53% and the Octadecanoic acid 32.72%. The production technology of biodiesel from monomer acid, using p-toluenesulfonic acid as catalyst, was introduced. Through orthogonal analysis of parameters in a four-factor and three-level test, the optimum conditions obtained for the esterification were molar ratio of methanol to acid 3:1, usage amount of p-toluenesulfonic acid 6% and reaction time 3h, reaction temperature 60°C.Under the optimum conditions, conversion efficiency of biodiesel with monomer acid arrived at 98%.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition and Bioactivities of the Marine Alga Isochrysis galbana from Taiwan

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1000501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi-Cheng Yu ◽  
Hsiao-Wei Chen ◽  
Mao-Jing Chen ◽  
Yu-Ching Chang ◽  
Shih-Chang Chien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Octadecenoic Acid ◽  
Isochrysis Galbana ◽  
Spectrometric Analysis ◽  
Octadecanoic Acid ◽  
Pheophorbide A ◽  
Tetradecanoic Acid ◽  
Pheophytin A ◽  
Marine Microalga ◽  
Soluble Components

The present study investigated the chemical composition of Isochrysis galbana Parke, a marine microalga which is widely used as a feedstock in aquaculture. From gas chromatography/mass spectrometric analysis the mono-sugar compositions of I. galbana were 2.1% fucose, 2.5% rhamnose, 2.7% arabinose, 8.5% xylose, 15.7% mannose, 32.7% galactose and 35.8% glucose. The polysaccharides of I. galbana were able to induce prointerleukin-1β (pro-IL-1β) protein expression within murine macrophages. Furthermore, five kinds of chlorophyll and one sterol were separated from the ethanolic extracts, including pheophorbide-a, ethyl pheophorbide-a, 10 S-10-hydroxypheophytin-a, 10 R-10-hydroxypheophytin-a, (132- R)-pheophytin-a, and brassicasterol. In addition, the major soluble components of the ethanol /n-hexane extract were 9-octadecenoic acid ( E) (38.4%), hexadecanoic acid (23.3%), tetradecanoic acid (15.7%), and octadecanoic acid (7.2%), but only a few polyunsaturated fatty acids were found, such as 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid (1.9%), 9,12-octadecadienoic acid ( Z, Z) (3.4%), and docosahexaenoic acid (0.2%). This is the first occasion that polysaccharides from I. galbana have been demonstrated to exert immunomodulatory properties by the induction of IL-1 within macrophages.

Optimization of Esterification and Transesterification Reactions for Biodiesel Production from Crude Coconut Oil Using RSM Techniques

2016 ◽  
Vol 723 ◽  
pp. 610-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natta Pimngern ◽  
Vittaya Punsuvon
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Quadratic Model ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Model Equations

Crude coconut oil with high free fatty acid (FFA) content was used as a raw material to produce biodiesel. In this work, the esterification followed by transesterification of crude coconut oil with methanol is studied. The response surface methodology (RSM) with 5-level-3-factor central composite design (CCD) was applied to study the effect of different factors on the FFA content of esterification and the percentage of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) conversion of transesterification. The FAME conversion was detected by proton magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectrometer. As a result, the optimum conditions for esterification were 6:1 of methanol-to-oil molar ratio, 0.75wt% of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) concentration and 90 min of reaction time. The optimum conditions for transesterification were 8.23:1 of methanol-to-oil molar ratio, 0.75wt% of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) concentration and 80 min of reaction time. Quadratic model equations were obtained describing the relationships between dependents and independent variables to minimize the FFA content and maximize the FAME conversion. Fuel properties of the crude coconut oil biodiesel were also examined followed ASTM and EN standards. The results showed that all properties met well with both standards.

Fatty Acid Composition of Seeds of Satureja thymbra and S. cuneifolia

2003 ◽  
Vol 58 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 502-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmet C. Gören ◽  
Gökhan Bilsel ◽  
Mehmet Altun ◽  
Fatih Satıl
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Octadecenoic Acid ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Octadecatrienoic Acid ◽  
Octadecanoic Acid ◽  
Hexadecanoic Acid ◽  
Acid Methyl ◽  
Main Components

Abstract The chemical composition of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) from seeds of S. thymbra and S. cuneifolia were analyzed by GC/MS. 7 FAMEs were identified from the seeds of S. thymbra mainly as 9-octadecenoic acid methyl ester (43.9%), hexadecanoic acid methyl ester (11.4%), 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid methyl ester (Z,Z,Z) (30.2%), and octadecanoic acid methyl ester (14.1%), while from the seed of S. cuneifolia 10 FAMEs were obtained with the main components, similar to S. thymbra. These were identified as 9-octadecenoic acid methyl ester (10.1%), hexadecanoic acid methyl ester (methyl palmitate, 34.6%), 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid methyl ester (Z,Z,Z) (6.3%) and octadecanoic acid methyl ester (1.8%).

Cellular fatty acid comparison of strains of Corynebacterium michiganense subsp. sepedonicum from potato and sugar beet

1988 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 716-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil C. Gudmestad ◽  
Paul J. Henningson ◽  
William M. Bugbee
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Octadecenoic Acid ◽  
Cellular Fatty Acid ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Hexadecanoic Acid ◽  
Tetradecanoic Acid ◽  
Coryneform Bacteria

The cellular fatty acid composition of Corynebacterium michiganense subsp. sepedonicum strains recovered from potato and sugar beet hosts were determined using gas-liquid chromatography. Fatty acid profiles were compared to profiles from other plant pathogenic coryneform bacteria. The most prevalent fatty acids present in C. michiganense subsp. sepedonicum were 12-methyl-tetradecanoic acid (a15:0), 14-methyl-hexadecanoic acid (a17:0), 14-methyl-pentadecanoic acid (i16:0), 12-methyl-4-tetradecenoic acid (a15:1), hexadecanoic acid (16:0), cis-9-octadecenoic acid (18:1c), and cis-9,12-octadecadienoic acid (18:2). In addition, some strains contained smaller amounts of 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, and 19 carbon fatty acids. All strains of plant pathogenic coryneform bacteria tested could be differentiated on the basis of either total fatty acid content (qualitative) or by ratios of cellular fatty acids (relative quantitative differences), e.g., a15:0/i16:0, a17:0/i16:0, a15:0/a17:0, i16:0/a15:1, a15:1/16:0, and 16:0/18:1. Strains of C. michiganense subsp. sepedonicum from sugar beet and potato were qualitatively and quantitatively very similar. On the basis of these results, it was clear that the endophytic strains of C.m. subsp. sepedonicum recovered from healthy sugar beets were indistinguishable from pathogenic strains recovered from potato. The bacteria from the two hosts should be considered as members of the same subspecies.

scholarly journals Identification of Species and Fatty Acid Composition of Microalgae from Raas Beach Sendang Biru Malang and Their Potential as Biodiesel Feedstock

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Eli Hendrik Sanjaya
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Octadecenoic Acid ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Dodecanoic Acid ◽  
Tetradecanoic Acid ◽  
Biodiesel Feedstock

Biodiesel is one of the best renewable energy made from triglycerides. Microalgae has a high lipid content include triglycerides, so it can be used as raw material for biodiesel production. Malang has many of beaches which are potent to become sources of microalgae, several beaches are surrounding Sendang Biru. The aims of this research were to identify the species of microalgae from Raas Beach Sendang Biru, determine their yield of lipid and fatty acid composition, and analyse their potential to became feedstock of biodiesel production. This research consists of five stages: identification of microalgae, cultivation, harvesting, determination of the yield of microalgae lipid by soxhlet extraction method, and analysis of the fatty acid composition of lipid by GC-MS. The results showed that the species of microalgae are dominated by Euglena sp and small amount of Gloeocapsa. The lipid yield of dried microalgae is 7.5% and the fatty acids composition are dodecanoic acid (1.6%), tetradecanoic acid (1.3%), hexadecanoic acid (16.6%), 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (25.2%), 9-octadecenoic acid (29.8%), and octadecanoic acid (6.7%). Based on this results, it can be concluded  that the microalgaes from Raas Beach Sendang Biru are potential to become biodiesel feedstock but it still need optimization.

Study on Preparation of Biodiesel with Monomer Acid

2014 ◽  
Vol 521 ◽  
pp. 72-75
Author(s):  
Xiao Feng Liu
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Catalyst Concentration ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Esterification Reaction ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Toluenesulfonic Acid ◽  
Acid Reaction ◽  
Single Factor Experiment

An esterification reaction of monomer acid with methanol using p-toluenesulfonic acid as catalyst for the preparation of biodiesel was studied. The process variables that influence the esterification of monomer acid, such as catalyst concentration, molar ratio of methanol to acid, reaction time and reaction temperature, were investigated and optimized. Through the single factor experiment, the optimum conditions obtained for the esterification were molar ratio of methanol to acid 3:1, usage amount of p-toluenesulfonic acid 6% and reaction time 3h, reaction temperature 70°C.The produced biodiesel was found to exhibit fuel properties within the limits prescribed by the latest American Standards for Testing Material (ASTM) and 0#diesel oil.

scholarly journals A Study of Coconut (Cocos Nucifera L.) Phosphatidylcholine Species

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 2963-2968
Author(s):  
Dwi Hudiyanti ◽  
Marliana Jayanti ◽  
Muhammad Fuad Al-Khafiz ◽  
Khairul Anam
Keyword(s):  
Octadecadienoic Acid ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Octadecenoic Acid ◽  
Hexadecenoic Acid ◽  
Dodecanoic Acid ◽  
Octadecanoic Acid ◽  
Tetradecanoic Acid ◽  
Chromatography Analysis ◽  
Fatty Acid Chain ◽  
Cocos Nucifera L

Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) phosphatidylcholines, or CocoPCs species are studied in this paper. CocoPCs is fractionated from coconut phospholipids (CocoPLs) using methanol eluent in silica column chromatography. Analysis of the CocoPCs, by FTIR, GCMS and LCMS, reveals that among the isolated CocoPCs species are 16:0/18:0-PC with m/z 763 at Rf 6.02 and 18:1-LysoPC with m/z 522 at Rf 4.93. The composition of CocoPCs fatty acid chain residues are Dodecanoic acid (C12:0), Tetradecanoic acid (C14:0), 9-Hexadecenoic acid (C16:1), Hexadecanoic acid (C16:0), 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z) (C18:2), 9-Octadecenoic acid (C18:1) and Octadecanoic acid (C18:0). The CocoPCs content is 6.317% of 100 mg CocoPLs.

Chemical composition of Azadirachta indica A. Juss and Ricinus communis Linn. seed oils growing in Marigat, Baringo County, Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Kiplagat Jepkorir ◽  
Charles Maina Irungu ◽  
Philip Bett Kendagor
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Ricinoleic Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Octadecenoic Acid ◽  
Seed Oils ◽  
Octadecanoic Acid ◽  
Alkyd Resins ◽  
Natural Remedies

All parts of A. indica (neem) and R. communis (castor) plants have mostly been used as natural remedies in the control and treatment of several ailments, control of pests and insects, animal feeds and production of industrial products globally. The seed oils of A. indica and R. communis are known to have antidiabetic, anti-helminthic, antifertility, antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, insecticidal and mosquitocidal activity. This study reports for the first time the chemical composition of A. indica and R. communis seed oils from Marigat, Baringo County, Kenya. Seed oils of A. indica and R. communis were   extracted from mature dried seeds through cold pressing and boiling respectively and chemical composition determined using Gas Chromatography (GC)-Mass Spectrometry (MS).  The constituents of both seed oils were dominated by saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, cyclic esters and methyl esters. The predominant constituents of R. communis were (Z)-6-Octadecenoic acid (37.33%), Ricinoleic acid (30.22%) and 13-Hexyloxacyclotridec-10-en-2-one (26.67%) while those of A. indica were 2-hexyl-1-decanol (30.97%), Octadecanoic acid (29.69%) and Oxalic acid, 6-ethyloct-3-yl ethyl ester (15.55%). Oils contained Hexadecanoic acid and Octadecanoic acid which are used in the manufacture of several products such as candles, soaps, lotions, perfumes and cosmetics. Octadecenoic acid is important in control of human diseases and Ricinoleic acid in production of alkyd resins for surface coating and biofuel.  From the results, A. indica and R. communis seed oils constituents have potential in the agricultural, industrial, comestics and pharmaceutical sectors but require further fractionation to isolate the bioactive compounds.

Apoprotein C effect on triglyceride transport in tandem-perfused rat hind end and liver

1984 ◽  
Vol 247 (3) ◽  
pp. G305-G310
Author(s):  
W. J. Kortz ◽  
J. R. Nashold ◽  
M. R. Greenfield ◽  
H. Hilderman ◽  
S. H. Quarfordt
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acyl ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Perfusion System ◽  
In Vitro Perfusion ◽  
Arterial Inflow ◽  
High Concentrations

The metabolism of double-labeled triglyceride in a synthetic emulsion was defined in an in vitro perfusion system of rat hind end and liver described previously [Am. J. Physiol. 245 (Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 8): G106-G112, 1983]. The metabolism of [3H]glycerol-[14C]triolein was defined in the absence of added apoproteins and with additions of human CII and both CII and CIII. Without apoprotein, a pronounced lipolysis of the triglyceride was recognized by high concentrations of radiolabeled glycerol and free fatty acid in the perfusate. The removal of an aliquot of hind-end venous effluent 5 min after adding the labeled triglyceride emulsion to the arterial inflow demonstrated a brisk lipolysis of the substrate when incubated outside the perfusion system. The addition of CII protein to the emulsion before its introduction into the tandem system eliminated perfusate lipolysis, both within the perfusion system and in incubations of aliquots withdrawn from the system. Intravascular lipolysis was not seen with triglyceride emulsions containing both CII and CIH or when an aliquot of hind-end venous effluent was incubated with triglycerides that had not been exposed to the perfusion system. The intravascular lipolysis observed for the [14C]triglyceride added to the tandem system without apoproteins was associated with relatively greater recoveries of 14C-fatty acyl in liver, fat, and muscle and relatively greater recoveries of 14CO2 than when CII alone or both CII and CIII were added with the triglyceride. The addition of CIII to CII in a 1:1 molar ratio increased the recovery of 14C-fatty acyl in muscle and the recovery as 14CO2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Characterization of Aeromonas genomic species by using quinone, polyamine, and fatty acid patterns

1994 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 844-850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Kämpfer ◽  
Klaus Blasczyk ◽  
Georg Auling
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Octadecenoic Acid ◽  
Hexadecenoic Acid ◽  
Genomic Species ◽  
Great Homogeneity ◽  
Hydroxylated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Patterns ◽  
Chemotaxonomic Study

A chemotaxonomic study was carried out on representative strains of 13 Aeromonas genomic species. Quinone, polyamine, and fatty acid patterns were found to be very useful for an improved characterization of the genus and an improved differentiation from members of the families Enterobacteriaceae and Vibrionaceae. The Q-8-benzoquinone was the predominant ubiquinone, and putrescine and diaminopropane were the major poly amines of the genus. The fatty acid patterns of 181 strains, all characterized by DNA–DNA hybridization, showed a great homogeneity within the genus, with major amounts of hexadecanoic acid (16:0), hexadecenoic acid (16:1), and octadecenoic acid (18:1), and minor amounts of the hydroxylated fatty acids (3-OH 13:0, 2-OH 14:0, 3-OH 14:0) in addition to some iso and anteiso branched fatty acids (i-13:0, i-17:1, i-17:0, and a-17:0). Although some differences in fatty acid profiles between the genomic species could be observed, a clearcut differentiation of all species was not possible.Key words: Aeromonas, polyamines, quinones, fatty acids, differentiation.

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