Numerical Simulation of Human Thermal Comfort with Different Thermal Boundary Conditions in Buildings

2014 ◽  
Vol 522-524 ◽  
pp. 1707-1712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Long Peng ◽  
Zhao Hui Qi ◽  
Xia Gan ◽  
Chao Li
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Boundary Condition ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Thermal Boundary Condition ◽  
Human Thermal Comfort ◽  
The Third ◽  
Thermal Boundary Conditions ◽  
Body Heat

How to use numerical simulation method to analyze human body heat transfer and human thermal comfort is introduced in this paper systematically. Under the same working conditions, numerical simulation of human body heat transfer has been finished based on three thermal boundary conditions, and then the results are compared. The results show that the third thermal boundary condition is better than the first and the second one, which have some problems in simulation and are not good at reflecting the fact on thermal comfort of human body. The third thermal boundary condition which is made to adapt the surrounding flow field automatically can get a more accurate result on calculating the heat transfer of different parts on human body and reflect hot or cool feeling preferably, which proves that the method put forward in this article to research the human body comfort is feasible.

Heat Transfer Prediction With Unknown Thermal Boundary Conditions Using Physics-Informed Neural Networks

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengze Cai ◽  
Zhicheng Wang ◽  
Chryssostomos Chryssostomidis ◽  
George Em Karniadakis
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Neural Networks ◽  
Boundary Condition ◽  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Thermal Boundary Condition ◽  
Temperature Measurements ◽  
Navier Stokes ◽  
Cylinder Surface ◽  
Thermal Boundary Conditions ◽  
Energy Equations

Abstract Simulating convective heat transfer using traditional numerical methods requires explicit definition of thermal boundary conditions on all boundaries of the domain, which is almost impossible to fulfill in real applications. Here, we address this ill-posed problem using machine learning techniques by assuming that we have some extra measurements of the temperature at a few locations in the domain, not necessarily located on the boundaries with the unknown thermal boundary condition. In particular, we employ physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) to represent the velocity and temperature fields while simultaneously enforce the Navier-Stokes and energy equations at random points in the domain. In PINNs, all differential operators are computed using automatic differentiation, hence avoiding discretization in either space or time. The loss function is composed of multiple terms, including the mismatch in the velocity and temperature data, the boundary and initial conditions, as well as the residuals of the Navier-Stokes and energy equations. Here, we develop a data-driven strategy based on PINNs to infer the temperature field in the prototypical problem of convective heat transfer in flow past a cylinder. We assume that we have just a couple of temperature measurements on the cylinder surface and a couple more temperature measurements in the wake region, but the thermal boundary condition on the cylinder surface is totally unknown. Upon training the PINN, we can discover the unknown boundary condition while simultaneously infer the temperature field everywhere in the domain with less than 5% error in the Nusselt number prediction. In order to assess the performance of PINN, we carried out a high fidelity simulation of the same heat transfer problem (with known thermal boundary conditions) by using the high-order spectral/hp-element method (SEM), and quantitatively evaluated the accuracy of PINN’s prediction with respect to SEM. We also propose a method to adaptively select the location of sensors in order to minimize the number of required temperature measurements while increasing the accuracy of the inference in heat transfer.

A Human Energy Balance Model With Clothing Effects for Estimating Human Thermal Comfort

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsumasa Yoshida ◽  
Yasuhiro Shimazaki ◽  
Shinichi Kinoshita ◽  
Ryota Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Thermal Load ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Energy Balance Model ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Comfort Index ◽  
Human Thermal Comfort

There is an increased world attention on environmental issues with the global trend of environmental degradation. Especially thermal environment was highly concerned as human safety. We have been focused on creation of amenity environment with energy-saving way. This study is uncommonly dealing with human feeling for human thermal comfort, that is to say quantification of environment has been done. The feeling of comfort is mixed sense and can be totally easier to improve compared with straightforward way, and this may lead to energy and cost saving way of improvement. Moreover, this is human-oriented and can reflect humans’ wishes. Since thermal comfort index is useful tool for understanding the present state and evaluating the impact of countermeasures, effectiveness of human thermal load which is thermal comfort index based on energy balance of human body was examined. The human thermal comfort around the human body in outdoor is influenced by six dominant factors; air temperature, humidity, solar radiation, wind speed, metabolism and clothing. The difference between indoor and outdoor is expressed mainly as non-uniform and unsteady. Therefore, the unsteady responses of each dominant factors were examined and clarified human thermal load is quite good estimation of human thermal comfort. In steady state and even in unsteady state, thermal comfort can be obtained by using human thermal load on the whole. The reason is human thermal load consider the amount of physiology and also weather parameters. In the process of creating energy balance model of human, clothing material was deeply considered. For establishing better thermal environment, clothing material is of great use, because clothing material has an impact on thermal exchange between exterior environment and human body and more easy way to improve in 6 factors. The traditional treatment of clothing in human science was only resistance of heat transfer and this was not enough for all clothing effects. In daily life, effect of humidity exists and moisture property is required. Moreover color of material has impact on energy balance in clothing material. In order to show a way of better thermal environment, the heat and the moisture transfer coefficients on clothing material, radiative properties, and additional properties such as convection heat transfer coefficient were measured, and energy flow of clothing material was totally investigated. Finally, the effects of clothing material for human thermal comfort were predicted and this energy balance human model has become much better model.

Investigation of Thermal Sensation in a Railway Vehicle during Cooling Period

2020 ◽  
Vol 2674 (10) ◽  
pp. 461-474
Author(s):  
Gökhan Sevilgen ◽  
Gürcan Sayaral ◽  
Muhsin Kiliç ◽  
Halil Bayram
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Numerical Model ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Flow Channel ◽  
Railway Vehicle ◽  
Local Thermal Comfort

The paper presents an investigation of local thermal comfort of passengers in a railway vehicle. The railway vehicle model includes five different parts called modules, and each module had different properties such as passenger capacity and seating arrangement. A virtual manikin model was developed and added to the numerical model which includes convection and radiation heat transfer between the human body and the environment. The numerical simulation was conducted according to the EN 14750-1 standard describing the thermal comfort conditions for different climatic zones. Two different cases were performed for steady-state conditions. Meanwhile, measurements were taken in a railway vehicle cabin to validate the numerical simulation, and the numerical results were in good agreement with the experimental data. It is observed that the local heat transfer characteristics of the human body have significant importance for the design of an effective heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system because each module had different heat transfer and air flow characteristics. It is also shown that the thermal sensation (TSENS) index helps railway vehicle HVAC researchers to determine the reasons for discomfort zones of each occupant. Another important result is that using a single air flow channel did not meet the thermal comfort demands of all passengers in this railway vehicle. Therefore, multiple air flow channel design configurations should be considered and developed for these vehicles. Local thermal comfort models allow HVAC systems to achieve better comfort conditions with energy saving. The numerical model can be used for effective module design, including seating arrangements, to achieve better thermal comfort conditions.

scholarly journals Darcy-Brinkman free convection about a wedge and a cone subjected to a mixed thermal boundary condition

1992 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 789-794 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Ramanaiah ◽  
V. Kumaran
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Boundary Condition ◽  
Heat Flux ◽  
Porous Medium ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Free Convection ◽  
Transformation Group ◽  
Darcy Number ◽  
Thermal Boundary Condition ◽  
High Porosity

The Darcy-Brinkman free convection near a wedge and a cone in a porous medium with high porosity has been considered. The surfaces are subjected to a mixed thermal boundary condition characterized by a parameterm;m=0,1,∞correspond to the cases of prescribed temperature, prescribed heat flux and prescribed heat transfer coefficient respectively. It is shown that the solutions for differentmare dependent and a transformation group has been found, through which one can get solution for anymprovided solution for a particular value ofmis known. The effects of Darcy number on skin friction and rate of heat transfer are analyzed.

An Investigation of Local Heat Transfer during Grinding Process—Effects of Porosity of Grinding Wheel

1979 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Saito ◽  
N. Nishiwaki ◽  
Y. Ito
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Boundary Condition ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Local Heat Transfer ◽  
Local Heat ◽  
Thermal Boundary Condition ◽  
Grinding Wheel ◽  
Grinding Process ◽  
Workpiece Surface

The thermal boundary condition around the workpiece surface is one of important factors to analyze the thermal deformation of a workpiece, which is in close relation to the machining, accuracy of grinding. The heat dissipation from the workpiece surface which is influenced by the flow pattern, may govern this thermal boundary condition. In consequence, it is necessary to clarify the convection heat transfer coefficient and the flow pattern of air and/or grinding fluid around surroundings of a rotating grinding wheel and of a workpiece. Here experiments were carried out in a surface grinding process to measure the flow velocity, wall pressure and local heat transfer by changing the porosity of the grinding wheel. The air blowing out from the grinding wheel which is effected by the porosity may be considered to have large influences on the local heat transfer coefficient, which is found to be neither symmetric nor uniform over the workpiece surface.

scholarly journals Asymmetrical Thermal Boundary Condition Influence on the Flow Structure and Heat Transfer Performance of Paramagnetic Fluid-Forced Convection in the Strong Magnetic Field

Fluids ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 246
Author(s):  
Lukasz Pleskacz ◽  
Elzbieta Fornalik-Wajs ◽  
Sebastian Gurgul
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Boundary Condition ◽  
Heat Transfer Enhancement ◽  
Strong Magnetic Field ◽  
Flow Structure ◽  
Thermal Boundary Condition ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Transfer Enhancement ◽  
Dimensionless Numbers

Continuous interest in space journeys opens the research fields, which might be useful in non-terrestrial conditions. Due to the lack of the gravitational force, there will be a need to force the flow for mixing or heat transfer. Strong magnetic field offers the conditions, which can help to obtain the flow. In light of this origin, presented paper discusses the dually modified Graetz-Brinkman problem. The modifications were related to the presence of the magnetic field influencing the flow and asymmetrical thermal boundary condition. Dimensionless numerical analysis was performed, and two dimensionless numbers (magnetic Grashof number and magnetic Richardson number) were defined for paramagnetic fluid flow. The results revealed the heat transfer enhancement due to the strong magnetic field influence accompanied by possible but not essential flow structure modifications. On the other hand, the flow structure changes can be utilized to prevent the solid particles’ sedimentation. The explanation of the heat transfer enhancement including energy budget and vorticity distribution was presented.

Heat Transfer in Composite Spheroids

2020 ◽  
Vol 143 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajai Alassar
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Boundary Condition ◽  
Prolate Spheroid ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Composite Sphere ◽  
Legendre Series ◽  
The Third ◽  
Type Boundary ◽  
Type Boundary Condition ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Heat transfer from a composite prolate spheroid under the third-type boundary condition is investigated using a Legendre series expansion. The model is verified against published data on cooling boiled eggs and also against the asymptotic solution of a composite sphere. The impact of Biot number on the heat transfer in spheroids with realistic dimensions and properties, such as eggs and olives, is investigated. The results are also presented for varying conductivity ratios and fractional volume of the inner part of the spheroid.

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