Measurement and Correlation for Solubility of Hexachlorobenzene in Different Solvents

2014 ◽  
Vol 614 ◽  
pp. 61-64
Author(s):  
Yan Fei Wang ◽  
Shi Jie Xu ◽  
Yu Xiang Zhu ◽  
Liang Zhu ◽  
Li Bin Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Equation ◽  
Solubility Data ◽  
Laser Method ◽  
Equilibrium Method ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Benzene Toluene

The solubility of hexachlorobenzene in different solvents (hexachlorobutadiene, tetrachloroprene, benzene, toluene and chloroform) at different temperatures was measured by the dynamic laser method and equilibrium method. The measured solubility data were correlated with Apelblat empirical equation. The results show that the equation is suitable for description of the solubility data of hexachlorobenzene in the above solvents.

scholarly journals Comprehensive Studies of the Processes of the Molecular Transfer of the Momentum, Thermal Energy and Mass in the Nutrient Media of Biotechnological Industries

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Aleksandr G. Novoselov ◽  
Sergei A. Sorokin ◽  
Igor V. Baranov ◽  
Nikita V. Martyushev ◽  
Olga N. Rumiantceva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Diffusivity ◽  
Dynamic Viscosity ◽  
Empirical Equation ◽  
Molecular Diffusion ◽  
Transport Coefficients ◽  
Molecular Transport ◽  
Rolling Ball ◽  
Molecular Transfer ◽  
Exchange Processes ◽  
Different Temperatures

This article puts forward arguments in favor of the necessity of conducting complex measurements of molecular transport coefficients that quantitatively determine the coefficients of dynamic viscosity, thermal diffusivity and molecular diffusion. The rheological studies have been carried out on the viscometers of two types: those with a rolling ball (HÖPPLER® KF 3.2.), and those with a rotary one (Rheotest RN 4.1.). The thermophysical studies have been performed using the analyzer Hot Disk TPS 2500S. The measurements have been taken in the temperature range of 283 to 363 K. The concentration of dry substances has varied from 16.2 to 77.7% dry wt. An empirical equation for calculating the density of aqueous solutions of beet molasses has been obtained. The diagrams of the dependence of the dynamic viscosity on the shear rate in the range of 1 s−1 to 500 s−1 at different temperatures have been provided. The diagrams of the dependence of the coefficients of thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity on the temperature and the concentration of dry substances have been presented, and empirical equations for their calculation have been obtained. The findings can be used for engineering calculations of hydrodynamic and heat-exchange processes in biotechnological equipment.

scholarly journals Solubility of Butylated Hydroxytoluene (BHT) in Aqueous and Alcohol Solutions from 293.15 to 313.15 K

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 48-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shipra Baluja ◽  
Kapil Bhesaniya ◽  
Rahul Bhalodia ◽  
Sumitra Chanda
Keyword(s):  
Gibbs Energy ◽  
Thermodynamic Functions ◽  
Butylated Hydroxytoluene ◽  
Solubility Data ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Enthalpy And Entropy

The solubility of Butylated hydroxyl toluene in aqueous and alcohol solutions were determined at different temperatures (293.15 to 313.15) K. Using Van’t Hoff and Gibb’s equations, some thermodynamic functions such as Gibbs energy, enthalpy and entropy of dissolution, and of mixing of Butylated hydroxyl toluene in aqueous and alcohol solutions, were evaluated from solubility data. The solubility was greater in butanol and minimum in water. The enthalpies, entropy and Gibb’s energy of dissolution were positive for all solvents.

Solubility Behavior of Tropine-Based Ionic Liquids with PF6- and their Application in Hydrogel Material

2018 ◽  
Vol 278 ◽  
pp. 96-101
Author(s):  
Teng He Zhang ◽  
Shun Yao
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Empirical Equation ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Solubility Data ◽  
Sorbent Material ◽  
Solubility Behavior ◽  
Wilson Model ◽  
Correlation Result ◽  
Solubility Determination ◽  
Potential Use

Four tropine-based ionic liquids with the anion of PF6-were synthesized and their hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity was evaluated according to the solubility determination in water. Then the empirical equation model, the λh model, the NRTL model and Wilson model were used to correlate the solubility data. Among them the empirical equation model showed the best correlation result. At last, the ILs were used to prepare the gel sorbent material for potential use in chemical, environmental or pharmaceutical fields.

scholarly journals Feasibility of Carbonaceous Nanomaterial-Assisted Photocatalysts Calcined at Different Temperatures for Indoor Air Applications

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan-Kuen Jo ◽  
Kun-Hwan Kim
Keyword(s):  
Calcination Temperature ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Photocatalytic Decomposition ◽  
Ethyl Benzene ◽  
Multiwall Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Benzene Toluene ◽  
Uv Lamp ◽  
Carbonaceous Nanomaterial

This study examined the characteristics and photocatalytic activity of multiwall carbon nanotube-assisted TiO2(MWNT-TiO2) nanocomposites calcined at different temperatures to assess their potential indoor air applications. It was confirmed that the composites calcined at low temperatures (300 and 400°C) contained TiO2nanoparticles bound intimately to the MWNT networks. Meanwhile, almost no MWNTs were observed when the calcination temperature was increased to 500 and 600°C. The MWNT-TiO2composites calcined at low temperatures showed higher photocatalytic decomposition efficiencies for aromatic hydrocarbons at indoor concentrations than those calcined at high temperatures. The mean efficiencies for benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, and o-xylene (BTEX) by the composite calcined at 300°C were 32, 70, 79, and 79%, respectively, whereas they were 33, 71, 78, and 78% for the composite calcined at 400°C, respectively. In contrast, the efficiencies decreased to close to zero when the calcination temperature was increased to 600°C. Moreover, the MWNT-TiO2exhibited superior photocatalytic performance for the decomposition efficiencies compared to TiO2under conventional UV-lamp irradiations. Consequently, these carbonaceous nanomaterial-assisted photocatalysts can be applied effectively to indoor air applications depending upon the calcination temperature.

Measurement and Correlation for Solubilities of 2,4-D Acid in Ethanol-Water

2013 ◽  
Vol 477-478 ◽  
pp. 1452-1456
Author(s):  
Yan Fei Wang ◽  
Lin Shan Hu
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Equation ◽  
Polynomial Equation ◽  
Solubility Data ◽  
Binary Solvent ◽  
Semi Empirical ◽  
Better Than

Within range of temperature from 15°C to 45°C,the solubility of 2,4-D acid in binary solvent formed from different ratio of ethanol and water are measured using equilibrium method.The results of experiment indicate that the solubilities of 2,4-D increase with the incresing temperature and the ratio of ethanol in mixed solvent.The solubility data are correlated with polynomial equation and semi-empirical equation.It shows the correlation with polynomial equation is better than with semi-empirical equation.

scholarly journals Thermal Behavior, Reaction Pathways and Kinetic Implications of using a Ni/SiO2 Catalyst for Waste Tire Pyrolysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Osorio-Vargas ◽  
Ileana D. Lick ◽  
Felipe Sobrevía ◽  
Daniela Correa-Muriel ◽  
Tamara Menares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Pyrolysis ◽  
Product Distribution ◽  
Ni Catalyst ◽  
Cyclization Reactions ◽  
Waste Tire ◽  
Master Plots ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Infrared Spectrometer ◽  
Benzene Toluene

Abstract Catalytic pyrolysis has been used to upgrading the quality of pyrolytic liquids. Herein, we report a comprehensive study on the catalytic pyrolysis of waste tires using Ni/SiO2 as catalysts. The analyses were carried out by combining thermogravimetry (TGA), TGA interfaced to a Fourier Transform Infrared spectrometer (TGA–FTIR), and pyrolysis coupled to gas chromatography/mass spectrometer (Py–GC/MS) techniques. During waste tire decomposition, the main functional groups detected in the FTIR were alkenes, aromatics, and heteroatoms-containing groups such as nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen. Meanwhile, by Py-GC/MS were identified mainly D,L-limonene, isoprene, benzene, toluene, xylenes (BTX), and p-cymene. The Py–GC/MS experiments at three different temperatures (350, 400, and 450 °C) suggested an effect of the catalyst on product distribution. The Ni catalyst promoted cyclization reactions and subsequently aromatization, leading to an improved vapors composition. The use of iso-conversional kinetic models along with master plots allows proposing a multiple-step reaction mechanism, which was well described by the Avrami-Erofeev, Random Scission, and truncated Sestak–Berggren models. The values of activation energies show differences for the catalyzed and uncatalyzed pyrolysis (111.0 kJ mol-1 and 168.4 kJ mol-1), validating the effectivity of Ni/SiO2. Finally, the thermal Biot (>1) and PyI and PyII numbers (10-3<PyI <10-1 and 10-2< PyII<10-3) confirms that the process is being occurred between the kinetic and the convection-limited regimes.

scholarly journals Significant Increase in the Solubility of Celecoxib in Presence of Some Deep Eutectic Solvents as Novel Sustainable Solvents and the Thermodynamic Analysis of These Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-433
Author(s):  
Hemayat Shekaari ◽  
Masomeh Mokhtarpour ◽  
Fereshteh Mokhtarpour ◽  
Saeid Faraji ◽  
Fleming Martinez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Choline Chloride ◽  
Aqueous Solubility ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvents ◽  
Solubility Data ◽  
Driving Mechanism ◽  
Solvent Mixtures ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
B Vitamin

Background: Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) exist a wide variety of potential and existing applications. Based on the fact that the choline chloride (ChCl) is a complex B vitamin and widely used as food additive, the choline-based DESs are generically regarded as being harmless and non-toxic. In this regard, the low aqueous solubility of celecoxib (CLX) have been increased by use of DESs as neoteric class of solvents at T = (298.15 to 313.15) K. Methods: DESs were prepared by combination of the ChCl/EG, U and G with the molar ratios: 1:2 and ChCl/MA with 1:1. The shake flask method was used to measure the solubility of CLX in the aqueous DESs solutions at different temperatures. Results: The solubility of the CLX increased with increasing the weight fraction of DESs. The observed solubility data was subjected to evaluate the relative performance of a number of models including Apelblat, Yalkowsky and Jouyban–Acree models for their correlation efficacy. Moreover, the apparent dissolution enthalpy, entropy and Gibbs free energy were obtained from the experimental solubility values. Conclusion: It was found that the solubility data was satisfactorily fitted using the mentioned models at different temperatures. The dissolution process of CLX in the studied solvent mixtures within investigated temperature range was endothermic, and the driving mechanism is the positive entropy.

scholarly journals FORMALDEHYDE SOLUTIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 188-199
Author(s):  
Michael M. Silaev
Keyword(s):  
Carbonyl Compounds ◽  
Empirical Equation ◽  
Kinetic Equations ◽  
Chain Process ◽  
Formaldehyde Concentration ◽  
Quasi Steady State ◽  
Radiation Chemical ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Formaldehyde System ◽  
Total Concentrations

A mechanism of the initiated nonbranched-chain process of forming 1,2-alkanediols and carbonyl compounds in alcohol–formaldehyde systems is suggested. The quasi-steady-state treatment is used to obtain kinetic equations that can describe the nonmonotonic (with a maximum) dependences of the formation rates of the products on the concentration of free unsolvated formaldehyde. The experimental concentrations of the free unsolvated form of formaldehyde are given at the different temperatures, solvent permittivity, and total concentrations of formaldehyde in water and alcohols. An empirical equation for calculating the free formaldehyde concentration in alcohol–formaldehyde (including water/ethanediol–formaldehyde) systems at various temperatures and total formaldehyde concentrations and an equation for evaluating solvent concentrations in these systems were derived. The experimental dependence of the ethanediol radiation-chemical yields on formaldehyde concentration in γ-radiolysis of methanol–formaldehyde system at 373–473 K is shown.

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