Study Regarding the Determination of Specific Flows of Wastewater for Urban Areas in Romania

2014 ◽  
Vol 656 ◽  
pp. 476-485
Author(s):  
Mircea Vlad Mureşan ◽  
Elena Maria Pică ◽  
Dan Vasile Mureșan
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Urban Wastewater ◽  
Household Wastewater ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Urban Wastewater Treatment

IIn 2007, through the accession of Romania to the European Union, the Government of Romania made the commitment to put into practice the project on implementing the Directive 91/271/EEC concerning urban wastewater treatment. For the second transition phase, according to Directive 91/271/EEC, it is necessary that by December 31st, 2015 all the localities with over 10,000 inhabitants should be connected to sewage systems containing treatment plants [1].In order for the Government of Romania to comply with its commitment made at the moment of the accession to the European Union, respectively that all the localities with over 10,000 inhabitants should be connected to treatment plants by the end of 2015, it absolutely necessary to concentrate its efforts for the identification of the optimal methods of household wastewater treatment in terms of investment and operating costs for the urban areas.

scholarly journals National Urban Wastewater Treatment Program: Assessment of Task Implementation

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-120
Author(s):  
Danuta Lipińska
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Treatment Program ◽  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Program Assessment ◽  
The State ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Urban Wastewater ◽  
Council Directive ◽  
Urban Wastewater Treatment

This paper presents an assessment of the state of advancement of work on tasks encompassed by the National Urban Wastewater Treatment Program that are vital in meeting the transitional goals as defined in the Poland's Treaty of Accession to the European Union in the section relating to Council Directive 91/271/EEC concerning urban wastewater treatment. Reasons behind delays in completing planned projects with respect to deadlines earmarked in the National Urban Wastewater Treatment Program are discussed, as are the consequences of the delays. Environmental effects in the area of biodegradable pollutants as achieved in 2009 in terms of individual voivodeships and the country as a whole have also been calculated.

Sludge utilisation in agriculture: possibilities and prospects in Greece

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 231-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.D. Andreadakis ◽  
D. Mamais ◽  
E. Gavalaki ◽  
S. Kampylafka
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Sludge Treatment ◽  
Sludge Disposal ◽  
Qualitative Characteristics

The paper presents the prospects for agricultural utilisation of the sludge produced from wastewater treatment plants in Greece and more specifically focuses on a critical review of the legislatory framework, determination of the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the produced sludges, examination of possible sludge treatment methods and evaluation of the possibilities and prospects of sludge utilisation on the basis of the above considerations. Landfilling is practically the only route to sludge disposal in Greece. However, in view of the anticipated future restrictions for landfilling within the European Union, this method is clearly a short-term solution and alternative options, including agricultural reuse, must be implemented. The results of a recent survey are presented and discussed in relation to this need.

scholarly journals A study on wastewater treatment sludge utilization in Bulgarian agriculture

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4(61)) ◽  
pp. 35-44
Author(s):  
Hrabrin Bachev ◽  
Bozhidar Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Urban Wastewater ◽  
Effective Utilization ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Effective Inclusion ◽  
Urban Wastewater Treatment

The issue of sludge utilization from wastewater treatment in agriculture is an important socio-economic and environmental problem in the European Union (EU) and Bulgaria. It is becoming topical issue along with constantly growing amount of produced wastewater treatment sludge, deficiency of lands for their safe disposal, protests of population and interests’ groups, tightening EU restrictions, etc. Furthermore, studies on wastewater treatment sludge utilization are multiplying in relations with their «transformation from wastes into products» and effective inclusion in supply chains and circular economy. Despite their relevance, in-depth studies of the diverse effects and critical factors of wastewater treatment sludge utilization in Bulgarian agri-food chain are at an early stage, mostly focusing on agronomic, economic and/or environmental ones. Thus, the object of research is the effective utilization of sludge from wastewater treatment in Bulgarian agriculture. In the course of the research it is used a qualitative analysis of regulations, and institutional and organizational structure, as well as surveys with managers and experts of urban wastewater treatment plants, and farmers applying and not-using sludge from wastewater treatment in their holdings. As a result of the study, the institutional, political, organizational, personal, educational, informational, social, economic, and environmental factors influencing the utilization of sludge in agriculture in two major regions of the country (Sofia and Burgas) are identified. Impact factors are generally divided into two types: factors influencing the behavior of agents, and factors determining the type and extent of the effects of sludge use in agriculture. In the future, the proposed approach has to be extended and deepen to establish the economic, sectoral and regional specificities on the basis of more representative information from all participants and interested parties in the effective utilization of wastewater treatment sludge.

scholarly journals Production of energy (biodiesel) and recovery of materials (biochar) from pyrolysis of urban waste sludge

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arianna Callegari ◽  
Petr Hlavinek ◽  
Andrea Giuseppe Capodaglio
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Urban Waste ◽  
Material Recovery ◽  
Waste Sludge ◽  
Sludge Disposal ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Urban Wastewater Treatment

Safe disposal of sewage sludge is one of the most pressing issues in the wastewater treatment cycle: at the European Union level, sludge production is expected to reach 13 Mt by year 2020. Sludge disposal costs may constitute up to, and sometimes above, 50% of the total cost of operation of a WWTP, and contribute to over 40% of its GHGs emissions. The most common disposal options at the moment are landfilling, disposal in agriculture (about 40% EU-wide), incineration or co-incineration, and use in the industrial production of bricks, asphalts and concrete. Sewage sludge, however, still contains beneficial resources such as nutrients, that can be recovered through specific processes (e.g. precipitation as struvite) and energy, recoverable through a variety of approaches. Microwave-assisted pyrolysis of urban waste sludge was applied for the production of oil, (Syn)gas, and biochar that were afterwards characterized and compared to mainstream alternative fuels (biodiesels) and other material recovery options. Sustainability issues related to the production of biodiesel/biochars from urban wastewater treatment sludge are also discussed. The paper shows that waste urban sludge can indeed be a full component of the urban circular economy by allowing, if properly processed, recovery of energy resources at multiple levels: bio-oils (biodiesel), syngas and bio-char, all having definite advantages for final residues use and disposal. Biodiesel, in particular, allowing energy recovery as liquid fuel, offers a much more flexible and efficient utilization.

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF DETERMINATION OF SNOW LOADS FOR ROOFS IN BUILDING CODES OF VARIOUS COUNTRIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 39-47
Author(s):  
Alexander Belostotsky ◽  
Nikita Britikov ◽  
Oleg Goryachevsky
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
European Union ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Building Codes ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Snow Loads ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Moment

The article compares the requirements for calculating the snow load on the coatings of buildings and structures in accordance with the regulations of technically developed countries and associations – Russia, the European Union, Canada and the United States. It was revealed that in these norms the general approaches, the subtleties of calculating the coefficients, the set of standard coatings and the schemes of the form coefficient proposed for them differ significantly. This situation reflects the general problem of determining snow loads – at the moment there is no recognized unified scientifically grounded approach to determining snow loads on coatings of even the simplest form. The difference in the normative schemes of snow loads is clearly demonstrated by the example of a three-level roof.

A new analytical method for the determination of beta-blockers and one metabolite in the influents and effluents of three urban wastewater treatment plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (36) ◽  
pp. 4668-4680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasile-Ion Iancu ◽  
Gabriel-Lucian Radu ◽  
Roxana Scutariu
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Emerging Contaminants ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Beta Blockers ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Waste Waters ◽  
Urban Wastewater ◽  
Urban Wastewater Treatment

Pharmaceuticals are emerging contaminants in waste waters from where they are discharged into surface water, so they may be harmful to aquatic organisms.

Analysis and description of sustainable solutions for wastewater treatment in small communities

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J.J. Salas ◽  
C.A. Aragón ◽  
A. Real ◽  
E. Ortega ◽  
Y. Ferrer
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Public Works ◽  
Small Populations ◽  
Urban Wastewater ◽  
Small Communities ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Sustainable Solutions ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Urban Wastewater Treatment

In Spain, the current level of conformity with the Directive 91/271/EEC, concerning urban wastewater treatment, has achieved an 80%. The remaining 20% are mainly agglomerations with less than 10,000 p.e., and more exactly, under 2,000 p.e. Only a 40-50% of the small populations have their sewage appropriately treated. It is estimated that the population not served at the moment is about 3-4 million p.e. In order to correct this non-desirable situation, the new National Plan for Water Quality, Sanitation and Purification 2007-2015 (NPWQ), provides concrete actions in small settlements (less than 2,000 p.e). Due to the peculiarities of the small agglomerations, the treatment solutions used in medium and large cities usually do not give satisfactory results if they are implanted directly into those communities. It is therefore necessary to adapt these technologies to the small settlements or to develop new treatment diagrams that allow obtaining a good quality effluent in a sustainable way. In this sense, the Centre for Studies and Experimentation of Public Works (CEDEX) and the Foundation Centre for New Water Technologies (CENTA) have prepared a “Manual for the implementation of treatment systems in small populations”. In this work, some of the most relevant issues included in the Manual are exposed.

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