Prediction of Fluid Flow in Artificial Cancellous Bone

The permeability of the blood in the artificial cancellous are affected by certain morphological aspects that include pore diameter, pore size, porosity and the bone surface area. In this study, computational fluid dynamics method is used to study the fluid flow through the cancellous structure. Result of the present work show that geometries with the same porosity and overall volume can have different permeability due to the differences in bone surface area. The hexahedron geometry has the highest permeability under stimulated blood flow conditions, where the cylindrical geometry has the lowest. Linear relationship is found between permeability and the two physical properties, bone surface area and the pore size.

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Pore design and engineering for filters and membranes

Philosophical Transactions of The Royal Society A Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences ◽

10.1098/rsta.2005.1690 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 364 (1838) ◽

pp. 161-174 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

Richard Holdich ◽

Serguei Kosvintsev ◽

Iain Cumming ◽

Sergey Zhdanov

Keyword(s):

Experimental Data ◽

Fluid Flow ◽

Pore Size ◽

Suspended Material ◽

Slot Length ◽

Depth Filtration ◽

Flow Through ◽

Pore Flow ◽

Modern Manufacturing ◽

Manufacturing Techniques

In filtration, the concept of pore size is not easy to define. In microfiltration, there are numerous advantages in employing a surface filtering membrane, rather than one relying on depth filtration mechanisms from a tortuous pore flow channel. Modern manufacturing techniques provide means to produce surface filtering membranes. For filtration, it is shown that a suitable pore design is an array of long thin slots. An analysis of fluid flow through the slots suggests that a short slot is adequate, but experimental data with suspended material indicates that slot length is important. Using long slots and careful control of the flow through the membrane it is possible to filter deforming particles such as oil drops from water.

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DETERMINING THE EFFECT OF NOZZLE GROOVE ON THE FLUID FLOW THROUGH VISCOUS 2D PLANAR FLUID

Istrazivanja i projektovanja za privredu ◽

10.5937/jaes0-31154 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Obai Younis ◽

Reem Ahmed ◽

Ali Hamdan ◽

Dania Ahmed ◽

Ali Ahmed ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fluid Flow ◽

Numerical Method ◽

Surface Area ◽

Nozzle Exit ◽

New Approach ◽

Numerical Stimulation ◽

Flow Through ◽

Different Dimensions ◽

The One

The study aims to determine the effect of nozzle groove on fluid flow through viscous 2D planar fluid. To fulfil the study’s aim, numerical method was adopted to introduce grooves of different dimensions from the nozzle exit. The study adopts SoldWork software was used to design nozzles and introduce groove shaped nozzles, each consisting of six different designs. The nozzle base model used in this study was similar to the one used in a previous study. The procedure was performed with different pressures (8, 10, and 12 bar) at the similar firefighting nozzle. The velocities contours were predicted based on the choice of nozzle section during the numerical stimulation. The results of present study demonstrated a new approach that can be used for increasing velocity at various types of modified nozzles through grooves at different pressures and locations. For grooves, dimensions 1×1 (mm) and location 15 mm at 8 bar, 10 bar and 12 bars showed no effect on velocity as it reduces velocity by increasing surface area. The velocity increases with increasing pressure in proportion relationship. This clearly explains that the groove has no effect on velocity as it increases due to increase in pressure. This is because the groove reduces the velocity by increasing surface area. The study concludes that use of groove increases velocity of water that further improves nozzles operation.

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Determination of Intrinsic Drug Dissolution and Solute Effective Transport Rate during Laminar Fluid Flow at Different Velocities

Pharmaceutics ◽

10.3390/pharmaceutics13060835 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 835

Author(s):

Sara B. E. Andersson ◽

Göran Frenning ◽

Göran Alderborn

Keyword(s):

Fluid Flow ◽

Dissolution Rate ◽

Surface Area ◽

Transport Rate ◽

Drug Dissolution ◽

Flow Conditions ◽

Cfd Simulations ◽

Projected Area ◽

Particle Dissolution ◽

Effective Transport

The objective of this study was to determine the intrinsic drug dissolution rate (IDR) and the solute effective transport rate of some drugs, using a single particle dissolution technique, satisfying qualified dissolution conditions. The IDR of three poorly water-soluble compounds was measured in milli-Q water using four different fluid velocities. The enveloped surface area of the particles was calculated from the projected area and the perimeter of the particle observed in the microscope. Furthermore, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were used to theoretically investigate the flow conditions and dissolution rate, comparing box shaped particles and spherical particles with similar dimensions and surface area as the particles used the experiments. In this study, the IDR measurement of the single particles was determined within 5–60 min using particles with an initial projected area diameter (Dp) between 37.5–104.6 µm. The micropipette-assisted microscopy technique showed a good reproducibility between individual measurements, and the CFD simulations indicated a laminar flow around the particles at all flow velocities, even though there were evident differences in local particle dissolution rates. In conclusion, the IDR and solute effective transport rate were determined under well-defined fluid flow conditions. This type of approach can be used as a complementary approach to traditional dissolution studies to gain in-depth insights into the dissolution process of drug particles.

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