Dynamics of Electrical Conduction Field of the Sliding Current Collector

2014 ◽  
Vol 698 ◽  
pp. 258-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.S. Deeva ◽  
S.М. Slobodyan

The problems of the dynamic interaction of the terminal pair of elements are covered. Physical properties of the material, behavior of their characteristics and the features of mechanical interaction are taken into account. Mathematical model of dynamics of contact layer conductivity fractal destruction for sliding shank of sections contact pairs is created.

Author(s):  
Vladimir SHPACHUK ◽  
Aleksandr CHUPRYNIN ◽  
Tatiana SUPRUN ◽  
Andriy KOVALENKO

Mechanical models of a transport system “carriage - track” while crossing a joint irregularity are proposed. An investigation was conducted on the peculiarities of static, shock and dynamic interaction between the four-axle car and the track, considering tram wheelsets motion features over joint irregularity. A method to solve the equations of a mathematical model of static, shock and dynamic interaction is developed. Numerical analysis is used to determine deflections of the facing rail under the first sleeper for each phase of motion depending on motion phases, and car load and speed.


Author(s):  
John C. Ulicny ◽  
Daniel J. Klingenberg ◽  
Anthony L. Smith ◽  
Zongxuan Sun

A lumped-parameter mathematical model of an automotive magnetorheological (MR) fluid fan clutch was developed. This model is able to describe the average fluid temperature, average clutch temperature, and output fan speed as a function of time, input current, and fluid composition. The model also reproduces numerous features of fan operation observed experimentally and revealed a mechanism for some observed cases of hysteresis. However, it fails to capture certain other features which lead us to conclude that phenomena which are not included in the model, e.g., sedimentation and re-suspension, are important to the clutch behavior. In addition, the results indicate that certain physical properties need to be measured over a larger temperature range in order for the model to better predict the clutch behavior.


Author(s):  
Carlos Bustamante-Orellana ◽  
Robinson Guachi ◽  
Lorena Guachi-Guachi ◽  
Simone Novelli ◽  
Francesca Campana ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 248 ◽  
pp. 01007
Author(s):  
Mikhail Mazurov

A mathematical model of the pacemaker is presented in the form of a nonlinear system of ordinary differential equations and in the form of a system of partial differential equations for distributed pacemakers. For the numerical study of the properties of the pacemaker, a modified axiomatic Wiener-Rosenbluth method was used using the properties of uniform almost periodic functions. Physical foundations, mechanisms of formation, properties of point and distributed pacemakers are described in detail.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia Ruhuai

Abstract The double slit test, as it is known, results in a series of alternating streaks of light and dark, presumed to be caused by interfering light waves. Careful comparison of experimental results and mathematical models reveals that the plausible theory of light-wave interference contains many fatal flaws. For example, the mathematical model does not have a mechanism for regularly producing multiple dark streaks. In practice, the spot where the dark streaks should appear is the brightest spot. Since only the electron radiates photons outward as it lowers its energy and returns to its ground state, the photon waves generated in the slit (possibly a vacuum) are of unknown origin. When light waves interfere with each other, photons can be infinitely subdivided and multiplied; After the head of the photon reaches the screen, the rest of the photon can still participate in interference; The effects of reflected light waves that most satisfy the interference conditions are not shown in the fringe. The important influence of polarization direction is not considered in the interference condition. In the causality test, the photon that has collapsed into a particle should be retested with a double slit test. In the causality test, the photon that has collapsed into a particle should be retested with a double slit test. The phenomenon of "observation determines outcome" has also been observed. When the phase is shifted π or the signal is reversed, it becomes a negative wave that cancels itself out. The transmittance of light waves through a double-slit device should not be so weak. As a fundamental physical property, waves must have bandwidth, but light and quantum only have a single frequency, which does not conform to the Fourier transform principle that waves must follow. Light waves in optical fiber communication must produce modulation effect, which has not been shown in reality. If the light waves from different slits interfere with each other, a mask similar to a two-slit device will not allow the lithographer to work properly. A photon whose size is much smaller than the wave length does not represent the whole wave but only represents a sample of the wave, but the corresponding physical properties are not shown. A pair of stars orbiting each other without changing color only proves that redshift is impossible but not that the speed of light is constant. Due to the late birth of radio technology, many physical properties of electromagnetic waves were not included in the light and matter waves proposed earlier. The results of the double slit test only prove that the simple quantum particle model is incorrect but do not provide evidence that the wave model is correct.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia Ruhuai

Abstract Since they were born before physical achievements in question, light and matter waves, which have almost no physical properties, are abstract purely mathematical concepts rather than objects. The result of the double-slit test, a series of dark and bright streaks, was determined to be caused by interfering light waves. However, this plausible principle does not stand up to scientific scrutiny, and it is not difficult to find many flaws in the conclusion upon further study. For example, (1) the principle of generating multiple regular dark stripes cannot be found in the mathematical model. (2) In the mathematical model, the location where the dark stripe should appear most is actually the spot with the highest brightness. (3) Since the quantum property must be expressed in the process of interference, interference will not be triggered if all conditions are not met at the same time, and therefore, the principle of interference will be rejected. (4) Since the light comes from the radiation of the electron transition, it is impossible to generate a light source in a slit that may be a vacuum. (5) Interfering light waves can be subdivided into multiple parts and proliferate greatly. (6) A headless wave of light left outside the screen after the head disappears can still induce much interference. (7) There is no interference effect caused by reflected light waves. (8) The effect of polarization direction on interference is neglected, and the interference condition is incomplete. (9) In the causality test, to verify the effect of collapse, the photon that has collapsed into a particle should be tested again with a double slit test. (10) Whether the phenomenon of "observation determines outcome" is tampered with by observation. (11) When the phase is shifted π or the signal is reversed, waves become negative waves capable of annihilating themselves, which is typical of antimatter. In this case, matter and antimatter are conjoined. (12) If the general law of waves is followed, not only the targeted light wave passes through the slit. (13) The original version of the double-slit test cannot be reproduced, and the test results are different from those presented by contemporary technology. (14) Waves must obey Fourier's principle, but light waves, quantum waves and matter waves do not. (15) The modulation effect that waves must produce is not present in optical fiber communication. (16) If the light from different slits must interfere with each other, a mask full of slits will cause the lithographer to fail. (17) Since the size is much smaller than the wavelength, the photon is only a sampling of the light wave, but the corresponding physical properties are not presented. (18) The fact that the two stars orbiting each other do not change color only proves that the phenomenon of redshift is impossible but does not support the inference that the speed of light is constant. (19) The Michelson-Morley test process is not open and transparent enough, and pinhole diffraction and mechanical processing using broken lines instead of curves cannot be ruled out. In conclusion, Newton's particle model was wrong, but neither was the light wave theory.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Dattola ◽  
Giovanni Battista Crosta ◽  
Thomas Stewart

<p>The prediction of a landslide behavior is fundamental for the design of early warning system (EWS) as well for the hazard and risk assessment. The evaluation of expected landslide volume (or extent), displacement, velocity and acceleration is mandatory. Very often empirical formulas are used for landslide volume determination whereas semi-empirical methods like the inverse velocity approach are used for time to failure definition.</p><p>Various approaches have been proposed in the literature to reproduce the landslide behavior in terms of displacement for landslides which are already in an active state or for which displacement data are available for calibration. Some approaches introduce the material viscosity to reproduce the slow motion of the landslide when the driving factor is the fluctuation of the ground water table. Another strategy consists in using numerical methods in which the material strength reduction is introduced. In other cases more sophisticated constitutive models are employed to reproduce the material behavior.</p><p>In this work, we propose an extension of a simple one dimensional mathematical model which reproduces the post failure behavior considering the landslide as an assembly of blocks interacting between each other and moving along the bedrock. In particular, the model takes into account the shear band mechanical behavior by means of a viscous-plastic model based on the Perzyna’s approach with strain-hardening. The interactions between blocks are modelled by formulating an interaction law which takes into consideration also the tangential effects due to friction along the lateral block boundaries. The forcing factors can be the piezometric level oscillation, the seismic shaking and the oscillation of external water reservoir level.</p><p>To validate the mathematical model the numerical results are compared with the Little Chief Landslide located in the North Western Canada along the upper Columbia River valley. The landslide involves a mass of about 800 million of m<sup>3</sup> with the stable bedrock depth ranging between 100 and 300 meters. This is an extremely slow landslide which has been investigated since 1960’s and for which displacements, piezometric levels and their evaluation in time are available for long time out-wards allowing to test the model. The landslide shows a periodic trend for displacements with cyclic accelerations and stable creeping. This allows for the calibration of the model parameters.</p>


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