The Influence of Spraying Distance on the Chemical Composition of Arc Sprayed Layers

2015 ◽  
Vol 754-755 ◽  
pp. 865-868
Author(s):  
Iuliana Silvia Georgescu ◽  
Silviu Ionuţ Ursache ◽  
Elena Raluca Baciu ◽  
Daniel Hriţcu ◽  
Andrei Victor Sandu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Thermal Spraying ◽  
Electric Arc ◽  
Filler Material ◽  
Arc Spraying ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Edax Analysis ◽  
Initial Chemical Composition ◽  
Spraying Method

Arc spraying (AS) is a thermal spraying method. The spraying distance represents one of the main technological parameters. EDAX analysis, performed on the sprayed layers (SDA and SDS), have shown differences between the initial chemical composition of the filler material and of the obtained layers. The quantitative variations determined for Ni, Fe and Cr can be explained by: the volatilization process of the chemical elements from the electric arc area; losses increase with increasing the length of the spraying jet.

Remelting of Thermal Spraying Coatings - Technologies, Properties and Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 1016 ◽  
pp. 1597-1602
Author(s):  
Marek Stanisław Weglowski ◽  
Jerzy Dworak ◽  
Krzysztof Kwiecinski ◽  
Janusz Pikuła ◽  
Krzysztof Krasnowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Plasma Spraying ◽  
Thermal Spraying ◽  
Process Research ◽  
Flame Spraying ◽  
Simultaneous Increase ◽  
Arc Spraying ◽  
Heat Sources ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
The Right

The most popular spraying technologies include: flame spraying, arc spraying and plasma spraying. Spraying technologies allow for the formation of coatings with a desired chemical composition and thickness. However, such coatings characterize by numerous imperfections associated with the nature of the process itself. It is obvious that some of imperfections in thermal spraying coatings can be eliminated by choosing the right parameters of the process. However, in order to improve the properties and eliminate material discontinuous, it is necessary to conduct the remelting process. Research in most cases, showed that the reduction of porosity and simultaneous increase in hardness are possible only by remelting the coating using different heat sources. By adjusting the technological parameters and remelting speed, it is possible to precisely control the depth of the remelted material and thus the properties of final coatings. The paper presents the remelting processes of thermal spraying coatings in relation to technologies, properties and applications.

The Influence of the Diffusion on Adherence of the 60T Deposits Obtained by Thermal Spraying in Electric Arc

2013 ◽  
Vol 371 ◽  
pp. 270-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Lucian Toma ◽  
Diana Antonia Gheorghiu ◽  
Steluta Radu ◽  
Costică Bejinariu
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Thermal Processing ◽  
Thermal Spraying ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Electric Arc ◽  
Processing Method ◽  
Thermal Treatments ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Spraying Process

The physic-chemical and mechanical properties of steel deposits obtained by thermal spraying depend on technological parameters of the spraying process. Generally, wear resistance of the deposits depends on the degree of porosity and the adhesion of the layer to the substrate. In the case of the deposits obtained by spraying, studies have shown that between deposited layer (SD) and substrate (S) there are the following types of adhesions: mechanical, metallurgical, superficial, physical and diffusive. Each type of adherence, enumerated above, works through a well-defined mechanism so that it can be said that the adhesion of the obtained deposits by thermal spray is a sum of mechanisms which interacting. How these mechanisms interact, as well the percentage of the influence is determined by: operating parameters, by the deposit material and thermal treatments after the deposit obtaining. This paper proposes to determine the influence of thermal treatment on adherence of 60T deposits obtained by thermal spraying in electric arc- as a thermal processing method after metallization. The assessment of adherence deposit 60T - in two ways, according to with EN 582 and DIN 27201/2005 in conjunction with the investigations of electron microscopy (SEM), XRD analysis, and image analysis performed at both the zone: Coating - Interface - Substrate (CIS) has revealed the presence of diffusion and the structural constituents. The graphs of adherence variation for 60T deposits with the concentration gradient of the alloying elements of the 60T layer respectively of adherence layer (75B) obtained experimentally by investigations carried out on the substrate have demonstrated the role of the secondary thermal treatment on the deposit adherence.

Review Lecture: Origin of the chemical elements

1984 ◽  
Vol 396 (1810) ◽  
pp. 21-54 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Solar System ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Initial Composition ◽  
Initial Chemical Composition ◽  
Stellar Formation ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Formation And Evolution ◽  
The Universe

An account is first given of the observed chemical composition of objects in the Universe (Sun, Solar System, stars, gas clouds) and of important variations of composition from object to object. The initial composition is then discussed in terms of the Hot Big Bang cosmological theory, and the different types of nuclear reaction which are believed to have occurred in stars and to have modified this composition are considered. Finally, an account is given of the interpretation of the present observations in terms of the initial chemical composition and of galactic and stellar formation and evolution.

Powder wires for resource-saving electric arc spraying

2021 ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
V. P. Murzaev ◽  
D. B. Slinko ◽  
Yu. N. Shchetinin
Keyword(s):  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Thermal Spraying ◽  
Machine Building ◽  
Electric Arc ◽  
Arc Spraying ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Metal Structures ◽  
Wear Resistant Coatings ◽  
Heat Resistant ◽  
The Cost

One of the promising methods of thermal spraying is the arc spraying. The use of electric arc spraying is particularly eff ective for the protection of metal structures from corrosion, receiving heat resistant, heat-resistant and wear-resistant coatings. This method is also eff ective in the recovery and hardening de tackles tractors, trucks and agricultural machinery. Signifi cantly extend the scope of the arc deposition can be using the new electrode materials in the form of fl ux-cored wires, the cost of which can be reduced by using materials for dying as a band , with factories producing cable products and iron shavings tion of machine-building enterprises.

scholarly journals INVESTIGATION OF FACTORS, DETERMINING DISPERSITY OF COATING PARTICLES AT ARC SPUTTERING WITH PULSATING SPRAYING STREAM

World Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (6(58)) ◽  
pp. 10-20
Author(s):  
Vyacheslav Royanov ◽  
Irina Zakharova ◽  
Mykyta Kriuchkov ◽  
Valeriy Chigarev
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Metal ◽  
Energy Level ◽  
Feed Rate ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Electric Arc ◽  
Compressed Air ◽  
Arc Spraying ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
Short Circuits

The essence of the process of electric arc spraying, consists in melting the electrodes with an electric arc and continuous separation of the liquid metal formed at the ends of the electrodes, a stream of compressed air and dispersing it on the sprayed surfaceTo use the periodic removal of pulsating air flow of liquid metal from the ends of the electrodes, it is important to solve the problem of guaranteeing the exclusion of short circuits of electrodes in the complete absence of spray flow and constant continuous supply of electrodes to the combustion zone of the arc. short circuit and when the spray flow is turned on after a pause will ensure the separation and transportation of liquid metal from the ends of the electrodes on the sprayed surface.It is important to determine the optimal mass of liquid metal and the time of formation of a drop of liquid metal depending on the technological parameters of the sprayed electrodes and the energy level of the arc that melts the electrodes.Studies of the determining factors of this process, namely the parameters of the electric arc mode, diameter, material and feed rate of the electrodes are presented.

scholarly journals Electric arc spraying of cermet coatings of steel 65G-Tic system

2021 ◽  
pp. 63-68
Author(s):  
O.M Dubovoy ◽  
A.A Karpechenko ◽  
M.M Bobrov ◽  
O.S Gerasin ◽  
O.O Lymar
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Electric Arc ◽  
Free State ◽  
Arc Spraying ◽  
Strengthening Phase ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Tensile Testing Machine ◽  
Cermet Coatings

Purpose. Substantiation of the possibility of obtaining composite cermet electric arc coatings using TiC powder as a strengthening phase, determination of their physical and mechanical properties. Methodology. The microstructure of the composite cermet electric arc coatings was studied by computer metallography using a ZEISS Gemini SEM 500 scanning electron microscope. The chemical composition was determined by X-ray spectral analysis; phases were identified by measuring their microhardness on a PMT-3 device. The bond strength of the obtained coatings was determined by the method of pulling out the pintle on a tensile testing machine UMM-5. Findings. Composite cermet coatings of the steel 65G-TiC system were obtained by the electric arc spraying using TiC powder in a free state. The influence of the technological parameters of spraying on the amount of the carbide phase in the coating was established, and their microstructure was investigated. The porosity, microhardness of the phases in the coating and its bond strength were determined. Originality. For the first time, composite cermet electric arc coatings of the steel 65G-TiC system were obtained by using a powder of strengthening phase in a free state. Their microstructure, microhardness and bond strength were investigated. The technological spraying modes of electric arc coatings have been established, which provide the optimal content of the strengthening phase to achieve their maximum bond strength with substrate. Practical value. The application of the research results obtained in the work, namely, the determination of the optimal technological parameters of spraying for the formation of cermet electric arc coatings with the maximum level of physical, mechanical and operational properties, makes it possible to meet the requirements for the restoration and hardening of worn surfaces. This leads to an increase in the service life of parts not only in mining, but also in other industries.

scholarly journals Use of pulsed spray airflow for electric arc spraying of different types of wires

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1(59)) ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
Vyacheslav Royanov ◽  
Irina Zakharova
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Adhesion Strength ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Arc Spraying ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
Burn Out ◽  
Sprayed Coating ◽  
Spraying Process

The object of research is the control of the process of formation of a spraying air flow and the transfer of particles of liquid metal from electrodes during arc spraying. One of the problem areas of the arc spraying process is the oxidation of the sprayed metal particles by the oxygen of the air flow during their transportation to the sprayed surface. This leads to the formation of a sufficiently large amount of oxides of chemical elements, which significantly deteriorate the adhesion strength and burn out alloying elements that are necessary to obtain a wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant coating. The suitability and durability of coatings during use depends on the strength of adhesion to the substrate. In the course of the study, methods were used to determine the adhesion strength of the coating to the base – the Steffens method and methods for studying the microstructure of coatings were taken as the basis. The data was processed and dependencies were plotted. The proposed method makes it possible to improve the quality of the resulting coating in terms of such an indicator as improvements in chemical composition. And also to influence the chemical composition by controlling the process of transfer of molten metal using a pulsating air flow. The obtained results of approbation of the method allow us to consider it effective, as evidenced by the quality of the obtained coatings. This is due to the fact that the correctness of the formulation and solution of the problem provided adequate results. In contrast to the existing methods, the proposed one makes it possible to significantly influence the amount of harmful oxygen involved in the formation of a sprayed coating, which makes it possible to obtain a sprayed layer with the required performance characteristics. And also allows to improve its quality without significant capital costs. In addition, the issues of resource and energy saving are being addressed, since the burnout of chemical elements decreases and the air consumption during arc metallization decreases. To solve this problem, a simple design of the pulsator is proposed, which provides the ability to control the spray flow by adjusting the level of overlapping of the holes.

Plasma parameters in atomic-emission spectral analysis of phosphate concentrates of the fission products

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
M. I. Khamdeev ◽  
E. A. Erin
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Analysis ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Reference Materials ◽  
Fission Products ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Electric Arc ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Arc Plasma ◽  
Atomic Emission Spectral Analysis ◽  
Excitation Processes

Physical parameters of electric arc plasma as well as their time dependences are calculated when analyzing phosphate precipitates of the fission products of irradiated nuclear fuel. Phosphate concentrates of the fission products are known for their complex chemical composition and high thermal and chemical stability. Hence, direct atomic emission spectral analysis of phosphate powders without transferring them into solutions is advisable. Different conditions of sample preparation and synthesis of the reference materials determine the different chemical forms of the elements to be determined. This, in turn, affects the kinetics of their evaporation in the electrode crate and excitation processes in the plasma. The known mechanisms of those processes cannot always be transferred to specific conditions of the given method of analysis thus entailing the necessity of studying the effect of the samples chemical composition on the results of determination, proper choice of spectroscopic carriers, detailed study of spectra excitation processes in spectral analysis, and analysis of the physical parameters of the electric arc plasma. We used the lines Zn I 307.206 nm and Zn I 307.589 nm to measure the effective temperature of the central hot sections of the arc in a range of4500 - 6500 K. NaCl, BaCl2 and NaCl + T1C1 were studied to reduce the effect of the sample elemental composition on excitation conditions of the spectra and their stabilization as a spectroscopic carrier. In control experiments we used carrier-free samples. The coincidence of the values of the plasma physical parameters within the measurement error not exceeding 20%, as well as the identity of the nature of the kinetic curves for samples of phosphate precipitates and synthetic reference materials prove their correctness. The result of the study substantiate correctness of the direct atomic-emission spectral procedure in analysis of phosphate concentrates of fission when using synthetic reference materials.

Quality analysis and prospects for use of lupin seeds of Belarusian selection

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Lyudmila Rukshan ◽  
Alena Navazhilova ◽  
Dmitry Kudin
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Bakery Products ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Protein Food ◽  
Lupin Seeds

The paper investigates technological parameters of the quality of low-alkaloid lupin of five cultivars selected and grown in the Republic of Belarus during the years from 2007 to 2017. Prospects for the use of the obtained seeds have been studied. This study reveals great influence of cultivar and climatic conditions during growth of lupin seeds on correlation of anatomic parts in seeds as well as on their physical properties. Cultivar of lupin seeds Jan is recommended for whole grain flour and graded flour production based on its anatomic composition, uniformity and physical properties. A comparative analysis of chemical composition, quality parameters and technological properties of lupin flour has been done. The chemical composition of lupin flour, of whole grain lupin flour, in particular, has been found to be relatively low in starch, high in protein, food fibers, minerals and organic acids. As a result, whole grain lupin flour has been proved to have higher food value when compared to traditional wheat flour. This paper demonstrates the difference between lupin flour characteristics and those of wheat flour in terms of color, acidity, enzymatic activity and adsorbing properties. This study reveals the possibility of use of lupin flour in bakery products by substituting traditional types of flour with lupin flour at 10-30% levels, as well as by replacing egg products with lupin flour at 25-50% levels. The work highlights the use of lupin flour at the stages of dough kneading, dough preparation, foam and emulsion production mainly by using rapid dough making methods.Practical applicationsRecommendations have been made on the usage of lupin flour in the technological process of bakery products manufacturing, macaroni and flour confectionery products production.

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