Experimental Investigation on the Effect of Fill Materials in Cooling Towers

2015 ◽  
Vol 766-767 ◽  
pp. 505-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Jayaprabakar
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Cooling Tower ◽  
Water System ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Cross Flow ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Advanced Materials ◽  
Cooling Towers

The cooling water system is the industry’s primary way of conserving water. Modern water cooling towers were invented during the industrial age to dissipate heat when natural cooling water sources were available. The origin of cooling towers made the plant site selection independent of the availability of water source. The development of new, high efficiency film fills produced from light weights, flame retarded PVC reduces the size and weight of cross flow cooling towers. Today’s cooling tower combine the latest advanced materials to achieve the optimum balancing of High corrosion resistance, product durability and cost. Based on their specific functions, cooling tower components are designed using the materials with the best combination of corrosion resistance and physical properties. In this work, the coefficient of performance is determined by using Simpson’s rule and the performance of cooling tower at various L/G ratios is evaluated. The optimum approach of the tower is calculated.

scholarly journals Optimization of side stream filters of blow-down water in cooling water system

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Amir Hossein Beigi ◽  
Ali Mousavi ◽  
Hani Sadr Hosseini
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Cooling Tower ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Water System ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Cooling Towers ◽  
Blow Down ◽  
Side Stream ◽  
Pass Through

Cooling towers are the main parameters for oil and gas industries. The water that circulates the system will pass through heat exchangers and surface condenser of compressor. Cooling towers operate outside; there is a high chance of debris entering the system and water via wind which therefore could lead to fouling, scaling and corrosion. In order for cooling towers to perform at high efficiency, the water has to be clean. Filtration package are the key for solving this matter. In this thesis, a new filtration package for Marjan petrochemical company has been proposed. In this design the blow down water of the cooling tower will be filtered via first a side stream filtration unit which will decrease the TSS of the water and then enters a Reverse Osmosis package which will reduce the TDS of the water. From the Hysys simulation, it has been proven that this system will produce 63 m3/hr pure water and 37 m3/hr brain water. The compositions of these water are 97% pure water and 3% debris, 96% debris and 4% water respectively. This showed that the filtration package decreased the TDS of the water to 4 ppm which is the specification of the make-up water of cooling tower. Financially, when there is no package installed, Marjan has to send COC and POC waters to Mobin Company for filtrations and then buy the RO water.

scholarly journals Corrosion processes in cooling towers

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-238
Author(s):  
Teresa Szymura ◽  
Wojciech Adamczyk
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Structural Steel ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Ammonium Chloride ◽  
Cooling Tower ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Corrosion Testing ◽  
Electrochemical Methods ◽  
Cooling Towers

Corrosion testing was performed on structural steel of a cooling tower in the environment of cooling water containing ammonium sulfates and ammonium chloride. The test were performed using gravimetric and electrochemical methods with the application of a potentiostat. The analyses clearly showed that the corrosion rate is higher in solutions that contain ammonium sulfate and that the S235JRG2 steel exhibits higher corrosion resistance in this environment.

scholarly journals Theoretical and experimental study of a cross-flow induced-draft cooling tower

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 91-98
Author(s):  
Elazm Abo ◽  
Farouk Elsafty
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Cooling Tower ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Cross Flow ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Proper Solution ◽  
Cooling Towers ◽  
Water Cooling ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Experimental Rig

The main objective of this study is to find a proper solution for the cross-flow water cooling tower problem, also to find an empirical correlation's controlling heat and mass transfer coefficients as functions of inlet parameters to the tower. This is achieved by constructing an experimental rig and a computer program. The computer simulation solves the problem numerically. The apparatus used in this study comprises a cross-flow cooling tower. From the results obtained, the 'characteristic curve' of cross-flow cooling towers was constructed. This curve is very helpful for designers in order to find the actual value of the number of transfer units, if the values of inlet water temperature or inlet air wet bulb temperature are changed. Also an empirical correlation was conducted to obtain the required number of transfer units of the tower in hot water operation. Another correlation was found to obtain the effectiveness in the wet bulb operation.

Model reductions for multiscale stochastic optimization of cooling water system equipped with closed wet cooling towers

2020 ◽  
Vol 224 ◽  
pp. 115773
Author(s):  
Qiping Zhu ◽  
Bingjian Zhang ◽  
Qinglin Chen ◽  
Chang He ◽  
Dominic C.Y. Foo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stochastic Optimization ◽  
Water System ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Cooling Towers ◽  
Cooling Water System

Study on Corrosion Resistance of Brass in Circulating Cooling Water with Different Concentration Ratio

2012 ◽  
Vol 511 ◽  
pp. 70-73
Author(s):  
Yu Chun Li ◽  
Xiao Wei Liu ◽  
Rui Feng Zhang ◽  
Kang Juan ◽  
Fan Gao
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Concentration Ratio ◽  
Water System ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Cooling Water System ◽  
Circulating Cooling Water ◽  
Weight Loss Method ◽  
Ratio Condition ◽  
Loss Method

Abstract: The corrosion resistance of brass H70-1A cooling water was studied through weight-loss method and electrochemistry measurement in different concentration ratio condition. The results obtained from this study showed that brass inhibitor was necessary to add to circulating cooling water system when concentration ratio was in the range of 3~7.

Transient Modeling of a Lithium Bromide – Water Absorption Chiller

2013 ◽  
Vol 388 ◽  
pp. 83-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ang Li ◽  
Wai Soong Loh ◽  
Kim Choon Ng
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Cooling Tower ◽  
Lithium Bromide ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Absorption Chiller ◽  
Transient Model ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Operation Process ◽  
Main Components

This article presents a thermodynamic framework for a lithium bromide – water absorption chiller, in which a transient model is developed to simulate the operation process. Local energy and mass balance within the main components like absorber, regenerator, condenser, evaporator and solution heat exchanger is respected to investigate the behavior of the chiller. Experimental correlations are used to predict heat transfer of the related working fluids. The cooling water is set to typical cooling tower conditions of tropical countries such as Singapore. The coefficient of performance (COP) is evaluated against a range of heat source temperatures from 75oC to 100oC. The results indicate the operation conditions of the chiller at its maximum COP is 95oC to 100oC.

Assessment of Cooling Tower Discharge Recirculation and Dispersion Using CFD Techniques

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Pal ◽  
L. J. Peltier ◽  
A. Rizhakov ◽  
M. P. Kinzel ◽  
M. H. Elbert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Cooling Tower ◽  
Cross Flow ◽  
Bluff Bodies ◽  
Cooling Towers ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Buoyant Jets ◽  
Design Values ◽  
High Reynolds

The performance of cooling towers, whether operating by themselves, or in close vicinity of other cooling towers can be adversely affected by the re-ingestion of the cooling tower discharge into the tower intakes. The recirculation of the discharge from a wet cooling tower raises the wet bulb temperature of the air entering a wet cooling tower. Current design strategies, often account for this discharge re-ingestion issue, through a conservative adjustment to the far field ambient wet bulb temperature to calculate the actual intake wet bulb temperature. Critical applications, such as those related to nuclear safety applications where there is concern about cooling tower performance, may require more accurate and comprehensive assessment of the recirculation and dispersion of cooling tower discharge. Gaussian plume models alone are of limited use when dealing with discharges in the vicinity of large structures. This paper discusses the use of a computational fluid dynamics approach to evaluate worst case discharge recirculation effects in cooling towers. The bounding design values of tower intake wet bulb temperature increase due to recirculation (ingestion of tower’s own discharge), and interference (ingestion of another interfering tower’s discharge), are calculated considering the various conditions of cooling tower operation, ambient temperature, humidity and wind conditions. The RANS CFD model used in the study is evaluated against published experimental data for flow over bluff bodies at high Reynolds numbers, and experimental data on buoyant jets in cross flow.

Thermodynamics Performance Study on Water Source Heat Pump in Variant Operating Condition

2009 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 517-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guozhong Zheng ◽  
Youyin Jing
Keyword(s):  
Heat Pump ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Exergy Efficiency ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Outlet Temperature ◽  
Performance Study ◽  
Operating Condition

Water source heat pumps have outstanding advantages: significant energy conservation, working stability and notable pollution reduction. In this paper, the benefits and features of the water source heat pump are described. Then the methodology for studying the thermodynamics performance in variant conditions is described and the thermodynamics analysis of a specific water source heat pump is presented based on the first law of thermodynamics and exergy analysis theory to study the thermodynamics performance in variant condition. Coefficient of Performance (COP) and exergy efficiency in variant operating condition are calculated. The relation of COP and exergy efficiency with the outlet temperature of the chilled water and the inlet temperature of the cooling water are respectively studied. The operating strategies of both summer and winter condition are then concluded. Finally, the thermodynamics performance of the water source heat pump is compared with the other common refrigerating and heating equipments. It is concluded that the water source heat pump has great advantage over others in terms of energy saving. It is expected that the study would be beneficial to the researchers and engineers.

Using Catalyst and Electrolysis Diaphragm Method to Produce Multiple Oxidants to Remove the Scaling and Slime in Cooling System

2008 ◽  
Vol 47-50 ◽  
pp. 339-342
Author(s):  
Kuo Shan Yao ◽  
Chen Yu Chang ◽  
Ta Chih Cheng ◽  
Yung Hsu Hsieh ◽  
Shi Ren Weng
Keyword(s):  
Chlorine Dioxide ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Water System ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Magnesium Carbonate ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Circulating Water ◽  
Multiple Oxidants

Increasing cycle of water circulation in industrial cooling water system caused accumulation of dissolving materials in circulating water. Subsequently, the problems including scaling, fouling, corrosion and slime occurred. The multiple oxidants including chlorine dioxide, ozone, peroxide hydrogen, and chlorine were prepared using diaphragm electrolysis method to alleviate the problems above in the cooling system. Meanwhile multiple oxidants can also inhibit the accumulation of biological dirt and erosion effectively. The efficiency of multiple oxidants to inhibit precipitation of magnesium carbonate and calcium carbonate can be increased by adjustment of pH value in the whole pipeline system to reduce corrosion rate of the pipeline and to achieve energy-water saving goal. The results showed that the high efficiency of chlorine dioxide mixture was an excellent bio-corrosion inhibitor and bio-accumulation bactericide. The residue concentration of mixture oxidants are at the range of 0.05 ~ 0.25 mg ClO2/L that is high enough to restrain the growth of micro-organisms.

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