scholarly journals Geochemical Properties of Peat Soil in Sarawak - A Review

2015 ◽  
Vol 773-774 ◽  
pp. 1417-1421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teong Ing Tong ◽  
Felix Ngee Leh Ling
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
The North ◽  
Geochemical Properties

In geotechnical field, peat soil is defined as soil which is formed by accumulation of purely one hundred percent organic matter and which the distinction between soil and vegetative accumulation is not clear. The main objectives of this review paper are to summarize and compare the geochemical properties of peat soil in different districts of Sarawak. Case studies that have been chosen covered central of Sarawak up to the North of Sarawak. Geochemical properties of peat soil that being observed are pH, total carbon, organic matter, bulk density and the total nitrogen. Geochemical properties are found to be governed by the types of material inside the soil and also strongly correlated with the engineering properties of soil. Notably showed that the types of organic matter, namely fibre and/or humidified organic inside the soil will influence the soil porosity. The findings of the studies showed that geochemical properties of the peat soil in different districts of Sarawak is site dependent and could be affected by the different land use or land activities. The differences in land use and land activities affected the bulk density, pH and types of organic matter in the soil. The result indicated that peat soil land in different district can categorized as acidic soil because of the pH range is between 3.3-3.75. For the bulk density, the lowest value is recorded at the Dalat sago plantation site, which is 0.14 g/cm3. For the value of the total carbon, peat soil from the Laogan Bunut National Park is the lowest, 47.6%. Furthermore, total carbon is related to the soil organic matter, coincidentally the value of soil organic matter in Miri found to be the lowest which is 74.59%. Result for the total nitrogen, there are little difference between the district. Range of the total nitrogen is from 0.9% to 2.4%, Sibu site is getting the lowest value in this case.

Land Use Change Effects on Soil Quality in Prince Edward County, ON

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelsey Watts
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Prince Edward County ◽  
Effects Of Land Use ◽  
Water Holding

Soils play a critical role to society as a medium that facilitates crop production and also contributes to the energy and carbon balance of the Earth System. Land-use change and improper land-use is one of the dominant factors affecting soil erosion and nutrient loss in soils. We examined the effects of land-use change on an Elmbrook clay/clay-loam soil on a farm in Ameliasburg on the northern part of Prince Edward County. Three cover types were examined: a sod field (established for over 10 years), a wheat field (part of a wheat/corn/soybean rotation for 30 years) and an undisturbed deciduous forest. Under each land-use type, cores to a depth of 40 cm were collected along three random 30 m transects (at 8, 16 and 24 m), then divided them into 10 cm increments, combining all similar depth increments along one transect. Soil quality was assessed by analyzing various soil physical and chemical properties. Bulk density of the soil was much higher (1.55 vs. 0.95 g/cm3) in both agricultural ecosystems compared to the forest, but only in the 0-10 cm layer. Soil moisture at 60% water holding capacity was much greater for the forest than the sod and wheat soils. Soil pH was slightly lower in the forest compared to the sod and wheat fields. The sod and wheat fields showed losses of ~52% and ~53% organic matter, respectively, in contrast to the forested area. The greatest differences in organic matter and total carbon were found in the top 10 cm, likely due to the greater accumulation of litter at the ground surface in the forest compared to the agricultural sites. It appears that long-term (10 year) agricultural production has led to a decline in some, but not all, soil quality measures, particularly soil organic matter, bulk density and water holding capacity. These findings are consistent with much of the literature concerning the effects of land-use change on soil quality, and highlight the need to develop improved management systems to minimize losses in soil quality that can lead to declines in the productivity potential of soils over time.

Evaluation of soil quality in different land uses in the Mengzi Gabin Basin, Southwest of China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liqun Tang ◽  
Zhijie Shan ◽  
Yang Yu
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Land Use Types ◽  
Total Potassium

<p>Re-vegetation has been widely carried out to prevent land degradation, reduce soil erosion, and improve soil quality. In order to investigate the characteristics of soil nutrients content in different land use types of karst gabin basin, soil organic matter, soil total nitrogen, soil total phosphorus, soil total potassium, soil pH, and soil texture in woodland, agricultural land, orchard, and grassland were surveyed in Mengzi Gabin Basin, Southwest of China. The difference of soil indicators between vegetation types was analyzed, and soil fertility quality of four land use types was comprehensively evaluated by the soil quality index (SQI). The results showed that land use significantly affected soil organic matter content. Soil organic matter content was the highest in grassland, followed by agricultural land and forest land, while orchard was lowest. There was a significant difference in soil total nitrogen content between different land uses. The total nitrogen content in farmland soil was the highest, followed by grassland and woodland, and the lowest in the orchard. Woodand had the highest total potassium content and the lowest total phosphorus content. The grassland soil had the highest total phosphorus content and the lowest total potassium content. pH value in the four land use types was acidic, ranged from 5.82 to 6.67. The soil quality index showed that woodland had the highest soil fertility quality. The results of the study could provide the basis of soil nutrients variation and status in Gabin basin, and also provides support for evaluating the soil improvements during vegetation restoration in fragile Karst ecosystems.</p>

scholarly journals ORGANIC CARBON AND TOTAL NITROGEN IN THE DENSIMETRIC FRACTIONS OF ORGANIC MATTER UNDER DIFFERENT SOIL MANAGEMENT

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARCELO RIBEIRO VILELA PRADO ◽  
FABRICIO TOMAZ RAMOS ◽  
OSCARLINA LÚCIA DOS SANTOS WEBER ◽  
CAIO BATISTA MÜLLER
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Agroforestry System ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Land Use Systems ◽  
System 2 ◽  
Heavy Fractions

ABSTRACT: The evaluation of land use and management by the measurement of soil organic matter and its fractions has gained attention since it helps in the understanding of the dynamics of their contribution to soil productivity, especially in tropical environments. This study was conducted in the municipality of Colorado do Oeste, state of Rondônia, Brazil and its aim was to determinethe quantity of organic carbon and total nitrogen in the light and heavy fractions of organic matter in the surface layers of a typic hapludalf under different land use systems: Native Forest: open evergreen forest, reference environment; Agroforestry System 1: teak (Tectona grandis LF) and kudzu (Pueraria montana); Agroforestry System 2: coffee (Coffea canephora), marandu palisade grass (Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu), "pinho cuiabano" (Parkia multijuga), teak and kudzu.; Agroforestry System 3: teak and cocoa (Theobroma cacao); Silvopasture System: teak, cocoa and marandu palisade grass; and Extensive Grazing System: marandu palisade grass. The experimental design was a randomized block in split-split plots (use systems versus soil layers of 0-0.05 and 0.05-0.10 m) with three replications. The results showed that relative to Native Forest, the Agroforestry System 2 had equal- and greater amounts of organic carbon and total nitrogen respectively (light and heavy fractions) in the soil organic matter, with the light fraction being responsible for storage of approximately 45% and 70% of the organic carbon and total nitrogen, respectively. Therefore, the light densimetric fraction proved to be useful in the early identification of the general decline of the soil organic matter in the land use systems evaluated.

scholarly journals Microbial Respiration as Indicator of Soil Quality of Different Land Uses in Cienda, Gabas, Baybay City, Leyte

2017 ◽  
pp. 55-66
Author(s):  
Jessa May Malanguis ◽  
Cheryl Batistel ◽  
Marlito Jose Bande
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Microbial Respiration ◽  
Land Uses

Land use conversion affects soil ecosystem quality and balance, which can be reflected by microbial activities. This study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of microbial respiration as indicator of soil quality of different land uses, reforestation site, agricultural land and grassland, in Cienda, Gabas, Baybay City, Leyte. The amount of CO2 evolved after one, three and seven days of incubation was used to determine microbial respiration rate of different land uses and across relief. Relationship between microbial respiration on pH, organic matter, total nitrogen, and moisture content at field capacity were also examined. Results revealed that microbial respiration varies significantly among land uses with the highest rate observed in grassland while the lowest was in the reforestation site. Across relief, amount of CO2 released was significantly higher in the lower slope compared to the upper and the middle. The process tends to be significantly influenced by soil organic matter and moisture content. Results suggest that there is an inverse relationship between microbial respiration and organic matter, and a direct relationship with moisture content. High soil respiration in the grassland and in the lower topographic relief implies that the soil organic matter is converted into inorganic forms which are available for uptake by plants. A significant interaction between land use types and relief was also observed in both organic matter and moisture content leading enhanced microbial respiration. Land use and relief showed no significant effect on total nitrogen and soil pH.

scholarly journals Underneath it All: Soil Differences May Explain Contrasting Outcomes of Adjacent Prairie Restorations in Madison, Wisconsin

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Krista Marshall ◽  
Nick Balster ◽  
Alex Bajcz
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Spatial Heterogeneity ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Prairie Restoration ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Prairie Restorations

The evaluation of prairie restorations tends to focus on aboveground properties such as changes in plant diversity and the encroachment of non-native species. As a result, knowledge gaps persist concerning belowground controls of restoration success. To address these gaps at a 13-year-old prairie restoration site in Madison, Wisconsin, we spatially compared soil chemical, physical, and hydrological properties in two adjacent parcels that differed markedly in response to a tallgrass prairie restoration. We hypothesized that soil properties and their heterogeneity would differ significantly between the two parcels and that these differences would help explain the divergent response. In support of this hypothesis, soil organic matter, pH, and total nitrogen were significantly lower (p = 0.007, p < 0.001, and p = 0.006, respectively) in the restored parcel compared to the parcel that has yet to respond to any restoration efforts. Moreover, despite no significant difference in soil average bulk density between the two parcels, the restored parcel had significantly lower sand and silt fractions overall (p = 0.039 and p = 0.040, respectively). In contrast, except for total nitrogen, there were no apparent differences in the spatial heterogeneity of the measured soil properties between the restored and unrestored parcels, which did not support the second hypothesis of this study. These results demonstrate the utility of measuring belowground properties when assessing unexpected outcomes of prairie restorations as well as inform future hypothesis-driven experiments to determine which soil properties impede restoration and under what circumstances. KEYWORDS: Prairie Restoration; Bulk Density; Soil Organic Matter; Soil Properties; Soil Texture; Spatial Heterogeneity

scholarly journals Assessment of Soil Structural Properties in Relation to Land Use Change in South-East Asia

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 182
Author(s):  
Rachel de Lastic ◽  
Thảo Hoàng ◽  
Phuong Nguyen ◽  
Sovanda Son ◽  
Vuthy Suos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Structural Stability ◽  
Fruit Tree ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Tree Plantations ◽  
Soil Structural Stability

For many emerging economies, rapid land use change from forest to farmland is resulting in high levels of land degradation. Farming systems such as maize cultivation under conventional tillage after slash and burn degrade the soil resource through declining soil structural stability. Cultivation enhances mineralisation and hence loss of soil organic matter, which in turn reduces soil structures stability and promotes further carbon losses through soil erosion. Alternative land uses such as fruit tree plantations, or practise change to reduced tillage or conservation agriculture have the potential to counter this spiral of accelerated soil degradation through improving soil structural stability and build-up of soil organic matter. This project assessed how land use influences soil structural stability in Cambodia near Battambang and the North-Western Mountain regions of Vietnam where maize based system are most common. Soil properties measured were: (1) total carbon and nitrogen content analysis, (2) particle and aggregate size distribution using laser refraction, (3) hydraulic conductivity, (4) bulk density and (5) microbial CO2 respiration. Information on land use history was also collected through farmer surveys. Land use significantly influenced aggregate stability and hydraulic conductivity. This was largely associated with differences in soil organic carbon content. Forest system had the highest, and conventional maize systems had the lowest amount of large aggregates. Fruit tree plantations are relatively new to these regions but they already showed improved soil aggregate sizes though the level of improvement varied and depended on remnant soil.

Influence of biosolids and fertilizer amendments on physical, chemical and microbiological properties of copper mine tailings

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 571-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.C. Gardner ◽  
K. Broersma ◽  
A. Naeth ◽  
D. Chanasyk ◽  
A. Jobson
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
South Central ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Water Holding ◽  
Wilting Point ◽  
Microbiological Properties

A 3-yr field study was conducted on two texturally different tailings sites at the Highland Valley Copper Partnership mine in south-central British Columbia to determine the effects of fertilizer and biosolids amendments on selected soil physical, chemical and microbiological properties. Soil bulk density and penetration resistance decreased in the upper 15 cm of tailings with increasing dry biosolids application rates of 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 Mg ha-1. The addition of biosolids increased gravimetric water retention at field capacity and wilting point, but no significant changes occurred in the gravimetric water-holding capacity as both field and wilting point increased proportionally. Increasing biosolids decreased volumetric water-holding capacity on the silt loam, but had no effect at the sandy site because of decreased bulk density. Soil pH was not impacted by the treatments while electrical conductivity, soil organic matter, total carbon and cation exchange capacity increased with increasing levels of biosolids applied. Biosolids enhanced biological activity by increasing total aerobic, total anaerobic, iron reducing, sulfate reducing and denitrifying microorganisms near the surface. The fertilizer amendment did not alter soil physical or chemical properties from those of the control. The addition of biosolids was more effective at enhancing properties related to soil quality and fertility and therefore more effective for building soil organic matter on reclaimed tailings sites than the traditional use of inorganic fertilizer.

Organic matter characteristics under native forest, long-term pasture, and recent conversion to Eucalyptus plantations in Western Australia: microbial biomass, soil respiration, and permanganate oxidation

Soil Research ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 859 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. Mendham ◽  
A. M. O'Connell ◽  
T. S. Grove
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Highly Correlated

The influence of land-use management on Walkley-Black soil carbon (C) concentration, 3 concentrations of permanganate oxidisable C (33, 167, and 333 mm), microbial biomass, and soil respiration in a laboratory incubation was tested in surface soil from 10 sites in south-western Australia. The sites ranged in total C concentration from 1.9 to 8.3%, and represented a broad climatic and soil-type distribution across south-western Australia. At each of the sites, 0-10 cm soil was collected from plots in pasture (20-71 years old), Eucalyptus globulus plantation (7-10 years old, established on ex-pasture), and native vegetation. Soil profiles and position in the landscape for each of the land-use types were matched as closely as possible at each site to minimise influences other than land use. Total C was highly correlated with clay content. Land use caused no significant change in the relationship between total C and soil texture, and land use had little effect on total C concentration. Permanganate-oxidisable C was highly correlated with Walkley-Black organic C (R2�&gt;�0.90) for all 3 concentrations that were investigated. Only the most dilute concentration of permanganate-oxidisable C (33 mm) was sensitive enough to detect small changes in soil organic matter with land use (P = 0.045). Microbial biomass and respiration at 25 kPa matric potential moisture content and 35°C temperature were used as biological indicators of soil organic matter lability. Cumulative respired C was more sensitive to land use than Walkley-Black organic C, with lower respiration in native soils compared with managed soils with low C concentrations, but higher than the managed soils at sites with high C concentrations. Microbial biomass was not significantly affected by land use. Microbial biomass and cumulative respired C were strongly influenced by soil texture, with the microbial quotient (proportion of microbial biomass in total carbon) and the proportion of total C respired significantly lower in soils with higher silt and clay contents. Land use had no significant effect on these relationships. Overall, land use caused only minor differences in the biological and chemical indicators of organic matter quality across a broad range of sites in south-western Australia.

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