scholarly journals Underneath it All: Soil Differences May Explain Contrasting Outcomes of Adjacent Prairie Restorations in Madison, Wisconsin

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Krista Marshall ◽  
Nick Balster ◽  
Alex Bajcz
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Spatial Heterogeneity ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Prairie Restoration ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Prairie Restorations

The evaluation of prairie restorations tends to focus on aboveground properties such as changes in plant diversity and the encroachment of non-native species. As a result, knowledge gaps persist concerning belowground controls of restoration success. To address these gaps at a 13-year-old prairie restoration site in Madison, Wisconsin, we spatially compared soil chemical, physical, and hydrological properties in two adjacent parcels that differed markedly in response to a tallgrass prairie restoration. We hypothesized that soil properties and their heterogeneity would differ significantly between the two parcels and that these differences would help explain the divergent response. In support of this hypothesis, soil organic matter, pH, and total nitrogen were significantly lower (p = 0.007, p < 0.001, and p = 0.006, respectively) in the restored parcel compared to the parcel that has yet to respond to any restoration efforts. Moreover, despite no significant difference in soil average bulk density between the two parcels, the restored parcel had significantly lower sand and silt fractions overall (p = 0.039 and p = 0.040, respectively). In contrast, except for total nitrogen, there were no apparent differences in the spatial heterogeneity of the measured soil properties between the restored and unrestored parcels, which did not support the second hypothesis of this study. These results demonstrate the utility of measuring belowground properties when assessing unexpected outcomes of prairie restorations as well as inform future hypothesis-driven experiments to determine which soil properties impede restoration and under what circumstances. KEYWORDS: Prairie Restoration; Bulk Density; Soil Organic Matter; Soil Properties; Soil Texture; Spatial Heterogeneity

scholarly journals Changes in physico-chemical properties of paddy soil due to water and fertilizer management

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-71
Author(s):  
Israt Jahan ◽  
AKM Abul Ahsan ◽  
MMR Jahangir ◽  
Mahmud Hossain ◽  
Md Anwarul Abedin
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Physico Chemical

Soil physico-chemical properties are an important phenomenon for sustainable crop production and maintenance of optimum soil health. Hence, a laboratory measurement was conducted with soil samples of three years long experimental field of the Department of Soil Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh to assess the changes in five selected soil physico-chemical properties viz. soil texture, bulk density, soil pH, total nitrogen and organic matter. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with two water regimes (continuous flooding and alternate wetting & drying) in the main plots and five fertilizer treatments (N0 - control, N1- 140 kg N/ha as PU, N2- 104 kg N/ha as USG (2× 1.8 g/ 4 hills), N3 - 5 t CD + PU @ 140 kg N /ha on IPNS basis and N4- 5 t CD + USG (2× 1.8 g/ 4 hills @ 104 kg N/ha)) in the subplots under rice-rice cropping pattern with three replications. After three years, soil samples were collected at 0-5 and 5-10 cm soil depths for measuring bulk density and at 0-10 cm depth for other soil properties and analyzed. Results found that % sand, % silt, % clay, bulk density and soil pH was not changed significantly compared to initial status. Percentage of total nitrogen and organic matter was significantly affected by irrigation and fertilization. Total nitrogen (%) was higher in AWD whereas organic matter (%) was higher in CF practice. The highest total nitrogen (%) and organic matter (%) was found in N4 treatment in which USG was applied in combination with cowdung as organic manure. It can be suggested that N4 treatment was formed good combination for sustaining chemical properties of soil. Further long- term experimentation will be needed to know the changes in soil properties for sustainable crop production and improving soil health. Asian Australas. J. Biosci. Biotechnol. 2020, 5 (2), 65-71

Soil structural development in a rehabilitated open-cast mine site in south-east Australia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiia Haberstok ◽  
Evelin Pihlap ◽  
Franziska Bucka ◽  
Tabea Klör ◽  
Thomas Baumgartl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Aggregate Size ◽  
Size Class ◽  
Mine Site ◽  
Open Cast Mine ◽  
Open Cast

&lt;p&gt;Rehabilitated soils from post mining fields are considered to have poor soil structure, low nutrient content and microbial activity. Soil development during rehabilitation is a complex biogeochemical process influenced by the inherent properties of the substrate used for the rehabilitation. Besides disturbed soil properties, in Australia soil rehabilitation success is also influenced by climatic conditions like high evaporation rate which affects rebuilding of soil system functions. There are several studies looking into the development of soil properties post rehabilitation in temperate climates, however, the intertwined development of soil structure, quality and quantity of soil organic matter (SOM) after the rehabilitation under water stressed environment is not clear until now.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In this study, we used a space-for-time chronosequence approach in the rehabilitated open-cast mine site at Yallourn (Victoria, Australia) to elucidate the development of soil structure and soil organic matter after rehabilitation. We selected five different fields with increasing rehabilitation ages (2, 3, 10, 21 and 39 years) and two mature soils that are used as grazing land. In each field, we sampled 6 independent locations with stainless steel cylinders (100 cm&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;) at two depths of 0-4 cm and 10-14 cm. &amp;#160;All samples were analysed for bulk density, organic carbon (OC) and total nitrogen (TN) concentration. Selected samples were wet sieved into four aggregate size classes of &lt;63 &amp;#181;m, 63-200 &amp;#181;m, 200-630 &amp;#181;m and &gt;630 &amp;#181;m. Each aggregate size class was characterized by OC and TN concentration. The chemical composition of the SOM of selected samples was characterized using solid-state &lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C NMR spectroscopy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The studied soils have a strong temporal dynamic and variability as determined for the soil properties bulk density and SOM stocks. Aggregate fractionation showed that large macroaggregates (&gt;630 &amp;#181;m) were the most abundant size class fractions in each rehabilitation field, representing 95-75% of the total soil mass. SOM played an important role in the formation of large macroaggregates, where the highest contribution to total OC content was observed. It became evident that plant derived carbon had a decisive role in the structural formation, because O/N-alkyl-C and alkyl-C chemical shift regions represented the highest relative intensities throughout the chronosequence.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals An Assessment of Degradation of Soil Properties in Kabba College of Agriculture, Kogi State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-109
Author(s):  
T.S. Babalola ◽  
K.S. Ogunleye ◽  
J. A. Lawal ◽  
A.O.A. Ilori
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Survey ◽  
Chemical Degradation ◽  
Base Saturation ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
College Of Agriculture ◽  
Physical And Chemical

ome soils in Kabba College of Agriculture, Kogi State, southern guinea savannah zone of Nigeria, were assessed to ascertain the levels of degradation of soil properties. The rigid grid soil survey method was used to identify seven soil units. Soils were sampled at 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm soil depth and analyzed for physical and chemical properties using standard methods. Levels of degradation were obtained by comparing laboratory data with the standard land/soil requirement (indicators/criteria) for grouping lands into different degradation classes of 1 to 4 (non to slightly, moderately, highly, and very highly degraded). Results showed that units D (soghum) and E (citrus) were very highly degraded (Class 4) of exchangeable potassium; units C (yam), D and E were highly degraded (Class 3) of organic matter. Other units were moderately degraded (Class 2) of base saturation, bulk density and total nitrogen. There was no degradation of available phosphorus and exchangeable sodium percentage in all the units. Physical and chemical degradation took place in the study area with respect to bulk density, base saturation, total nitrogen, potassium, and organic matter. Sustainable management practices that will promote good bulk density and organic matter accumulation should be encouraged.

scholarly journals Geochemical Properties of Peat Soil in Sarawak - A Review

2015 ◽  
Vol 773-774 ◽  
pp. 1417-1421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teong Ing Tong ◽  
Felix Ngee Leh Ling
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
The North ◽  
Geochemical Properties

In geotechnical field, peat soil is defined as soil which is formed by accumulation of purely one hundred percent organic matter and which the distinction between soil and vegetative accumulation is not clear. The main objectives of this review paper are to summarize and compare the geochemical properties of peat soil in different districts of Sarawak. Case studies that have been chosen covered central of Sarawak up to the North of Sarawak. Geochemical properties of peat soil that being observed are pH, total carbon, organic matter, bulk density and the total nitrogen. Geochemical properties are found to be governed by the types of material inside the soil and also strongly correlated with the engineering properties of soil. Notably showed that the types of organic matter, namely fibre and/or humidified organic inside the soil will influence the soil porosity. The findings of the studies showed that geochemical properties of the peat soil in different districts of Sarawak is site dependent and could be affected by the different land use or land activities. The differences in land use and land activities affected the bulk density, pH and types of organic matter in the soil. The result indicated that peat soil land in different district can categorized as acidic soil because of the pH range is between 3.3-3.75. For the bulk density, the lowest value is recorded at the Dalat sago plantation site, which is 0.14 g/cm3. For the value of the total carbon, peat soil from the Laogan Bunut National Park is the lowest, 47.6%. Furthermore, total carbon is related to the soil organic matter, coincidentally the value of soil organic matter in Miri found to be the lowest which is 74.59%. Result for the total nitrogen, there are little difference between the district. Range of the total nitrogen is from 0.9% to 2.4%, Sibu site is getting the lowest value in this case.

Descriptors for soil development in a water limited environment of a rehabilitated open-cast mine site in south-east Australia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelin Pihlap ◽  
Franziska Bucka ◽  
Tiia Haberstok ◽  
Emily Scholes ◽  
Tabea Klör ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Aggregate Size ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Soil System ◽  
Open Cast

&lt;p&gt;Soil structure and soil organic matter (SOM) are closely linked characteristics describing the status of development of a soil. Their interactions affect various physical, chemical and biological soil properties and functions like water holding capacity, water infiltration, composition of the carbon pool and microbial activity. Rehabilitated soils from post mining fields are considered to have poor soil structure, low nutrient content and microbial activity. Besides disturbed soil properties, in Australia soil rehabilitation success is also influenced by climatic conditions like high evaporation rate which affects rebuilding of soil system functions. Although there are several studies looking into the development of soil properties post rehabilitation in temperate climates, the intertwined development of soil structure and quality and quantity of SOM during soil formation under water stressed environment is not clear until now.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In this study we used a space-for-time chronosequence approach in the rehabilitated open-cast mines at Yallourn Mine (Victoria, Australia) to elucidate the development of soil structure and soil organic matter after rehabilitation in a water limited environment. We selected five different fields with different rehabilitation ages (40, 22, 11, 4 and 3 years) and two mature soils that are used as grazing land. In each field we sampled 6 independent locations with stainless steel cylinders (100 cm&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;) at two depths of 0-4 cm and 10-14 cm. &amp;#160;All samples were analysed for bulk density, organic carbon (OC) and total nitrogen (TN) concentration. Selected samples were wet sieved into four aggregate size classes of &lt;63 &amp;#181;m, 63-200 &amp;#181;m, 200-630 &amp;#181;m and &gt;630 &amp;#181;m. For detecting OC contribution to aggregate formation, OC and TN was measured from each aggregate size fraction. This system is temporarily highly dynamic and shows different developments for bulk density and SOM stocks, which had an effect on the structure of the microbial communities. Along the space-for-time chronosequence we can observe soil structure formation with ageing and a build-up of a OM, which has a positive effect on recovering soil functionality.&lt;/p&gt;

Spatial heterogeneity of soil organic matter and soil total nitrogen in a Mollisol watershed of Northeast China

2014 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 275-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaoliang Zhang ◽  
Xingyi Zhang ◽  
Zhihua Liu ◽  
Yankun Sun ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Spatial Heterogeneity ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Soil Total Nitrogen

scholarly journals From the Ground Up: Prairies on Reclaimed Mine Land—Impacts on Soil and Vegetation

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 455
Author(s):  
Rebecca M. Swab ◽  
Nicola Lorenz ◽  
Nathan R. Lee ◽  
Steven W. Culman ◽  
Richard P. Dick
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Plant Community ◽  
Prairie Restoration ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Prairie Restorations ◽  
Mine Lands ◽  
The Impact

After strip mining, soils typically suffer from compaction, low nutrient availability, loss of soil organic carbon, and a compromised soil microbial community. Prairie restorations can improve ecosystem services on former agricultural lands, but prairie restorations on mine lands are relatively under-studied. This study investigated the impact of prairie restoration on mine lands, focusing on the plant community and soil properties. In southeast Ohio, 305 ha within a ~2000 ha area of former mine land was converted to native prairie through herbicide and planting between 1999–2016. Soil and vegetation sampling occurred from 2016–2018. Plant community composition shifted with prairie age, with highest native cover in the oldest prairie areas. Prairie plants were more abundant in older prairies. The oldest prairies had significantly more soil fungal biomass and higher soil microbial biomass. However, many soil properties (e.g., soil nutrients, β-glucosoidase activity, and soil organic carbon), as well as plant species diversity and richness trended higher in prairies, but were not significantly different from baseline cool-season grasslands. Overall, restoration with prairie plant communities slowly shifted soil properties, but mining disturbance was still the most significant driver in controlling soil properties. Prairie restoration on reclaimed mine land was effective in establishing a native plant community, with the associated ecosystem benefits.

DNA Sequence and Community Structure Diversity of Multi-Year Soil Fungi in Grape of Xinjiang

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tong Liu ◽  
Feng Xue
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Fungi ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Middle Layer ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Seedless Grape ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Vineyard Soil

Abstract This study is designed to understand the community structure and diversity of fungi in the rhizosphere soil of grape. As the sample for this study, the rhizosphere soil of Crimson seedless grape with different planting years was collected from Shihezi in Xinjiang to carry out high-throughput sequencing, by which the complete sequence of soil fungi DNA was identified, and accordingly, the richness and diversity index of fungi were determined. The results showed that the dominant phyla of fungi in the grape rhizosphere soil with different planting years were Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, and the dominant classes of fungi were Sordariomycetes and Dothideomycetes. Soil organic matter, total potassium, total nitrogen and available phosphorus were the main soil fertility factors affecting the abundance and diversity of soil fungal communities, among which soil organic matter had the most significant influence. In addition, the fungal diversity and richness were highest in the middle layer (20-35 cm) of the grape rhizosphere soil with 12 planting years and lowest in the lower layer (35-50 cm) of the grape rhizosphere soil with 5 planting years. Linear discriminant analysis suggested that there were more biomarkers in the vineyard rhizosphere soil with 10 planting years, which meant there were more fungal communities with significant difference in the soil, especially in the middle layer (20-35). The results of this study can provide data reference and theoretical basis for improving vineyard soil quality, evaluating soil microecological effects and improving ecological environment of vineyard soil.

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