Performance Evaluation of a Solar TUNNEL Dryer for Paddy Drying at Prathum Tani, Thailand

2015 ◽  
Vol 799-800 ◽  
pp. 1455-1458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krissadang Sookramoon
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Data Logger ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
Tunnel Dryer ◽  
Chamber Volume ◽  
Load Tests ◽  
Velocity Measuring ◽  
Flat Plate Collector ◽  
Drying Chamber

A paddy solar tunnel dryer was designed, constructed and fabricated with a 2.112 m2flat plate collector with drying chamber volume of 0.113 m3, this design was improved to satisfy the drying desires of small farmers. The collector-dryer system has been equipped with data acquisition system to evaluate the performance, such as a data logger, K-type thermocouples, and air velocity measuring equipment. No load tests on the dryer; with 1000 cfm (DC) driven fans have been conducted. The performance of the dryer during drying of paddy has also been analyzed for the two configurations. The results, shown by plotting the variation of air temperature, moisture content indicated that the dryer performs better with DC driven fans, as they considerably reduce the fluctuations in the drying air temperature with fluctuating solar radiation. The moisture content reduced from 49.96 to 17.64 MC (% w.b.) in 6 hours. The average drying temperature was 67.75 °C. The heated air was approximately 344.47 W, with the incoming heat in the solar tunnel dryer of 1738.34 W. The thermal efficiency of a solar tunnel dryer was on the average of 22.72%.

scholarly journals Development and performance evaluation of a solar tunnel date dryer in Oman

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ali Basunia ◽  
Hamid H. Al-Handali ◽  
Mohammed Issa Al-Belushi ◽  
Mohammad Shafiur Rahman ◽  
Osman Maghoub
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Average Moisture Content ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
Sun Drying ◽  
Tunnel Dryer ◽  
Moisture Content Level ◽  
Collector Region ◽  
And Performance

Taking into consideration the date harvesting and landholding capacities of the marginalized rural farmers in Oman, a 12 meter long and 2 meter wide tunnel was designed and constructed to dry about 180-200 kg of freshly harvested dates per batch. Half of the tunnel base was used as a flat plate air heating solar collector and the other half as a dryer. The drying air was forced from the collector region (South side) to the drying region (North side) of the half circled tunnel where the product is to be dried. The drying temperature could be easily raised by some 5-30 oC above the ambient temperature inside the tunnel at an air velocity of approximately 0.5 m/sec. The test was conducted with 190.2 kg freshly harvested dates with initial moisture content of 32.8% (wet-basis) to analyze the performance of the dryer. The dates were dried to a final average moisture content of 18.6% (wet-basis) within two days (20 hours). The results indicated that the drying was faster in a solar tunnel dryer than the natural open air sun drying. It was possible to reach the moisture content level for safe storage within less than two days (20 hrs) with a solar tunnel dryer and 5-7 days in open air natural sun drying. The improvement in the quality of dates in terms of color and brightness was distinctly recognized. 

scholarly journals KARAKTERISTIK PENGERINGAN KELAPA PARUT MENGGUNAKAN ALAT PENGERING SILINDER TIPE RAK

AGROINTEK ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 286-294
Author(s):  
Hary Kurniawan ◽  
Abdul Muiz ◽  
Muhamad Ikhsan Febriyanto Mbele ◽  
Rizka Okta Dini ◽  
Zulhan Widya Baskara
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Sweet Taste ◽  
Coconut Water ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Drying Characteristics ◽  
Constant Rate ◽  
Drying Chamber

Desiccated coconut is one of the diversification of coconut products which is cut into pieces or grated into small pieces and dried, white, sweet taste and distinctive odor. The purpose of this study was to determine the drying characteristics of desiccated coconut using a cylindrical dryer. Eight trays, each containing 350 grams of grated coconut, were arranged on a tray and measured the air temperature in the drying chamber, the temperature of the material, as well as the moisture content of the material during drying both on the top rack, middle rack and bottom rack. The results showed that the air temperature in the drying chamber and the temperature of the material were significant, and moisture content during drying of materials both on the top rack, middle rack and bottom are relatively significant. The constant rate of drying of grated coconut on the upper rack, middle rack and lower rack is 0.1306 - 1338 minutes-1. The predicted value of grated coconut water content shows that it is almost close to the observed water content value, which is marked by a coefficient of determination that is close to 1.

scholarly journals Analysis on Photovoltaic Energy-Assisted Drying of Green Peas

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Onur Taşkın ◽  
Nazmi İzli ◽  
Ali Vardar
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
Rehydration Ratio ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Photovoltaic Energy ◽  
Green Peas

A photovoltaic energy-assisted industrial dryer has been analyzed. The dryer has been tested in various weather and working conditions with 3 kg of green peas from 75.6% initial moisture content to 20% final moisture content (w.b.). The effect of various drying air temperatures at three levels (40, 50, and 60°C) and two distinct air velocities (3 m/s and 4 m/s) was examined. Drying performance was assessed with regard to criteria including drying kinetics, specific and total energy consumption, and color and rehydration ratio. The results have proved that total drying duration reduces as air velocity rate and drying air temperature raise. Relying upon the drying durations, the generation performances of photovoltaic panels were between 5.261 and 3.953 W. On the other part, energy consumptions of dryer were between 37.417 and 28.111 W. The best specific energy consumption was detected in 50°C at 3 m/s for 600 minutes with 7.616 kWh/kg. All drying conditions caused darkening as color parameters. Rehydration assays have showed that rehydrated green peas attained higher capacity with raised air temperature and air velocity.

scholarly journals Development of a biomass energy dryer assisted with solar energy for farmers in off-grid communities

2020 ◽  
Vol 187 ◽  
pp. 03004
Author(s):  
Wannarat Chuatrakool ◽  
Siva Achariyaviriya ◽  
Aree Achariyaviriya ◽  
James C. Moran
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Average Moisture Content ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Energy Mode ◽  
Drying Chamber ◽  
Uniform Moisture

The objectives of this research are to design and construct a biomass energy dryer assisted with solar energy for farmers in off-grid communities and to evaluate the performance of the dryer. The dryer consists of a boiler, drying chamber and solar panels. A compressed sponge was used as a drying product. The air temperature distribution and product moisture uniformity inside the drying chamber were measured. The apparatus was tested in three energy modes, solar energy mode, biomass energy mode and biomass/solar energy assisted mode. Drying using biomass/solar energy assisted mode gave a better drying performance compared to the other modes due to the uniform moisture content and air temperature. The average temperature difference between the top and bottom tray was less than 3°C. The average moisture content between the top and bottom tray was very close, less than 0.8% db. In addition, this drying mode can reduce product contamination from smoke ash and combustion.

scholarly journals Pengaruh kecepatan udara dan massa gabah terhadap kecepatan pengeringan gabah menggunakan pengering terfluidisasi

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Syahrul ◽  
M. Mirmanto ◽  
S. Romdani ◽  
S. Sukmawaty
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Grain Processing ◽  
Grain Moisture ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Drying Chamber

Grain processing does not meet the actual grain harvests. This is due to the unsuitable drying process. Milling grain entrepreneurs and farmers in Indonesia are currently conducting a drying process under the sun. Based on the National Standards Body (BSN), grain moisture content must be at 14% to maintain the grain at high qualities. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of velocity and grain mass variations on drying times. The grain used in this study contains an initial moisture content of 22% ± 0.5%. The grain is dried by inserting it into the drying chamber and varying the air velocities and grain mass. The air velocities used are 4 m/s, 5 m/s, 6 m/s and the variations of the grain mass are 1 kg 2 kg and 3 kg. The results show that increasing the air velocity decreases the drying time. On the other hand, when the grain mass is increased, the drying time elevates. The air velocity and mass of the grain that results in the fastest drying time are 6 m/s and 2 kg. The time required for achieving the water content of 13.6% is 30 menit. At the air velocity of 4 m/s, and the grain masses of 1 kg, 2 kg, and 3 kg, to achieve moisture contents of 13.4%, 13.5% and 13.4% the drying time needs 50 minutes.

Modeling of Basil Leaves Drying by GA–ANN

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amin Taheri-Garavand ◽  
Shahin Rafiee ◽  
Alireza Keyhani ◽  
Payam Javadikia
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
Feed Forward Neural Network ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Hidden Layer

AbstractIn this research, the experiment is done by a dryer. It could provide any desired drying air temperature between 20 and 120°C and air relative humidity between 5 and 95% and air velocity between 0.1 and 5.0 m/s with high accuracy, and the drying experiment was conducted at five air temperatures of 40, 50, 60, 70 and 80°C and at three relative humidity 20, 40 and 60% and air velocity of 1.5, 2 and 2.5 m/s to dry Basil leaves. Then with developed Program in MATLAB software and by Genetic Algorithm could find the best Feed-Forward Neural Network (FFNN) structure to model the moisture content of dried Basil in each condition; anyway the result of best network by GA had only one hidden layer with 11 neurons. This network could predict moisture content of dried basil leaves with correlation coefficient of 0.99.

scholarly journals Optimization of the Performance of Hybrid Solar Biomass Dryer for Drying Maize Using ANSYS Workbench

2020 ◽  
pp. 50-69
Author(s):  
Jackis Aukah ◽  
Mutuku Muvengei ◽  
Hiram Ndiritu ◽  
Calvin Onyango
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
Permissible Range ◽  
Feasible Option ◽  
Input Variables ◽  
Drying Chamber ◽  
Ansys Workbench

In this paper ANSYS workbench was used to optimize the performance of hybrid solar biomass dryer for drying shelled maize in order to find the optimal operating input variables when the air temperature within the drying chamber set within the permissible range at reasonably high flow velocity. Hybrid Solar dryer with biomass as a source of fuel for auxiliary heating during absence or low solar insolation is a feasible option for small scale maize farmers [1]. At times high temperatures are induced in this dryer which may result in grain fissures and breakage during milling, thus reducing the grain quality. Optimization results indicate that in order to keep the air temperature within drying chamber to permissible range [2], the air velocity at collector inlet and biomass heat exchanger outlet should be improved to 3 m/s and 2.8 m/s respectively while the capacity of the biomass heat exchanger should also be enhanced to provide hot air at 85°C. It be concluded from the study that HSBD is suitable for drying maize as well as other agricultural products since continuous interrupted drying can be achieved. The capability of the dryer to maintain uniform temperature and air flow within the drying chamber enable high quality dried products within a short duration.

scholarly journals Influence of salt on drying performance of silver jewfish (Otolithes argentatus) in a Hohenheim type solar tunnel dryer

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 227-233
Author(s):  
KB Uddin ◽  
MS Reza ◽  
MN Islam ◽  
M Kamal
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
Salt Treatment ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Tunnel Dryer ◽  
Treated Sample ◽  
Commercially Important

Studies were conducted to investigate the influence of salt treatment on the drying performance of commercially important marine fish, silver jewfish (Otolithes argentatus) in a Hohenheim-type solar tunnel dryer. Different brine concentrations viz., 0%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% were used, where fish were treated for 12 hr after sorting, grading, dressing and washing. Temperature inside the dryer varied from 36 to 55ºC with an average air velocity of 1.5 m/s. Moisture content of fish was reduced to 16% and it was found that the use of salt in silver jewfish significantly reduced the drying period in solar tunnel dryer to 34 hr compared to those of 40 hr for control fish. Moisture content of 10% salt treated sample decreased rapidly compared to other salt treated samples where moisture content reduced to below 16% within 34 hr. This indicates that addition of salt in raw material reduced drying time as well as improves the quality of the final product. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v12i1.21416 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 12(1): 227-233, June 2014

Effects of Pneumatic Conveying Drying Conditions on Damaged Starch Content and Particle Size of Cassava Starch

2012 ◽  
Vol 554-556 ◽  
pp. 1433-1438
Author(s):  
Sawanit Aichayawanich ◽  
Montira Nopharatana ◽  
Annop Nopharatana ◽  
Warinthorn Songkasiri
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Cassava Starch ◽  
Pneumatic Conveying ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
Damaged Starch ◽  
Feed Moisture ◽  
Drying Conditions

This research aimed to investigate the effects of pneumatic conveying drying conditions on damaged starch content and particle size of cassava starch using response surface methodology. Three parameters of interest, i.e. drying air temperature (120, 160, and 200oC), drying air velocity (20, 30, and 40 m/s), and feed moisture content (40, 50, and 60% d.b.), were varied. Experimental results showed that damaged starch content and average particle size of cassava starch before drying were approximately 0.45% and 21.47µm, respectively. However, after drying, the values were altered to approximately 0.69 to 6.84% and 15.40 to 31.67 µm, respectively. The drying air temperature, drying air velocity, and feed moisture content significantly affected the changes. The results indicated that cassava starch granules were damaged and then agglomerated into large particle during pneumatic conveying drying depending on operation conditions.

scholarly journals Sustainable Energy for Drying of Cashew Kernels – Experimental Research

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6S4) ◽  
pp. 1193-1198
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Food Preservation ◽  
Average Moisture Content ◽  
Drying Rate ◽  
Flat Plate Collector ◽  
Drying Efficiency ◽  
Air Dryer ◽  
Drying Chamber

Drying is an important process in food preservation. In cashew processing industries cashew kernels are dried for easy peeling of the thin brownish sticky layer known as testa. For this it is necessary to reduce the average moisture content of 13% to 5%. Drying is achieved by direct and indirect methods like traditional open sun and using conventional energy through dryers. Due to control of the air properties in indirect drying cashew kernels can be dried at faster rate and can retain their quality. Air flow passages also play an important role in drying process. The objective of the study is to investigate experimentally the energy consumption for drying 1 kg of cashew kernel using electrically assisted heating and to evaluate the feasibility of active solar air dryer for drying in cashew processing industries. An electrical heat-assisted dryer (EHD) and an active solar flat plate collector air dryer (ASAD) systems are designed and developed using locally available materials. Both the systems are tested for reduction in moisture content with series of experiments. EHD is tested with three different drying chambers for optimum drying rate. In its final test drying chamber without baffle plates has resulted in reduction in moisture content to required level by 5% in three hours with drying rate of 2.8 kg/h against 6.5% and 6.8% in single tray version and four trays with baffle plate version. The drying efficiency of drying chamber is found to be 30.54%. In ASAD system the experimental results ensure the drying of cashew kernels within stipulated time of 6 hours with drying rate of 1.66 kg/h and energy consumption of 255 kJ against 270 kJ of electrical heater drying. The drying chamber exhibits an efficiency of 50.89%. The study suggests that the design is feasible to small, cottage industries for cashew kernel drying. The energy savings up to 3750 kJ per day for a batch of 15 kg is possible.

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