Study on the Influence of Piloti Arrangement on Outdoor Wind Environment in Residential Blocks in Subtropical Climate Zones

2016 ◽  
Vol 858 ◽  
pp. 227-233
Author(s):  
Tian Yu Xi ◽  
Jian Hua Ding ◽  
Hong Jin
Keyword(s):  
Inflection Point ◽  
Simulation Method ◽  
Outdoor Environment ◽  
Subtropical Climate ◽  
Coupled Simulation ◽  
Wind Environment ◽  
Climate Zones ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
The City

To create shadows and enhance ventilation, piloti is commonly used in subtropical climate areas, and the influence of piloti on outdoor environment need to be revealed. Taking the city of Guangzhou China, as an example, by adopting coupled simulation method, this work researched on the influence of piloti on wind environment in residential blocks. Firstly, a series of building cases with piloti in the center of each building was simulated, and the piloti of each case is 0%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100%. Secondly, another 3 cases with 50 percent piloti ratio were simulated, and the piloti arrangement method is crossed, vertical and horizontal for each case. The results showed that, when piloti is in the center of each building, both of velocity under piloti and out of piloti area showed positive correlation with piloti ratio, and the inflection point is 60 percent and 80 percent independently. The result of another 3 cases was plotted on the figure of piloti centralized cases, and for the velocity out of piloti area, the value of these 3 cases is very close to each other and much lower than the centralized case. For the velocity under piloti area, the vertical piloti arrangement case fits the trend of centralized cases well, and the horizontal and cross piloti arrangement case is much lower than that of centralized cases.

scholarly journals Spatial Distribution of Lichens in Metrosideros excelsa in Northern New Zealand Urban Forests

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 170
Author(s):  
Gladys N. Benitez ◽  
Glenn D. Aguilar ◽  
Dan Blanchon
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Lichen Species ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Lichen Community ◽  
The North ◽  
The City ◽  
Lichen Flora

The spatial distribution of corticolous lichens on the iconic New Zealand pōhutukawa (Metrosideros excelsa) tree was investigated from a survey of urban parks and forests across the city of Auckland in the North Island of New Zealand. Lichens were identified from ten randomly selected trees at 20 sampling sites, with 10 sites classified as coastal and another 10 as inland sites. Lichen data were correlated with distance from sea, distance from major roads, distance from native forests, mean tree DBH (diameter at breast height) and the seven-year average of measured NO2 over the area. A total of 33 lichen species were found with coastal sites harboring significantly higher average lichen species per tree as well as higher site species richness. We found mild hotspots in two sites for average lichen species per tree and another two separate sites for species richness, with all hotspots at the coast. A positive correlation between lichen species richness and DBH was found. Sites in coastal locations were more similar to each other in terms of lichen community composition than they were to adjacent inland sites and some species were only found at coastal sites. The average number of lichen species per tree was negatively correlated with distance from the coast, suggesting that the characteristic lichen flora found on pōhutukawa may be reliant on coastal microclimates. There were no correlations with distance from major roads, and a slight positive correlation between NO2 levels and average lichen species per tree.

scholarly journals PSCAD-MATLAB Coupled Simulation Method for Power Flow Optimization using Continuous Reactive Power Controllable Device

2021 ◽  
Vol 1754 (1) ◽  
pp. 012026
Author(s):  
Fan Yang ◽  
Kai Chen ◽  
Shaofeng Qian ◽  
JiangYang Zhan ◽  
Rui Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Flow ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Simulation Method ◽  
Coupled Simulation ◽  
Flow Optimization

scholarly journals The Contribution of Urban Morphology to the Formation of the Microclimate in Compact Urban Cores: A Study in the City Center of Thessaloniki

Urban Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Georgios-Rafail Kouklis ◽  
Athena Yiannakou
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Simulation Method ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
City Center ◽  
Outdoor Spaces ◽  
Microclimatic Conditions ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the contribution of urban morphology to the formation of microclimatic conditions prevailing within urban outdoor spaces. We studied the compact form of a city and examined, at a detailed, street plan level, elements related to air temperature, urban ventilation, and the individual’s thermal comfort. All elements examined are directly affected by both the urban form and the availability of open and green spaces. The field study took place in a typical compact urban fabric of an old city center, the city center of Thessaloniki, where we investigated the relationship between urban morphology and microclimate. Urban morphology was gauged by examining the detailed street plan, along with the local building patterns. We used a simulation method based on the ENVI-met© software. The findings of the field study highlight the fact that the street layout, the urban canyon, and the open and green spaces in a compact urban form contribute decisively both to the creation of the microclimatic conditions and to the influence of the bioclimatic parameters.

Study on Prediction and Assessment Methods of Outdoor Wind Environment of Residential District - Taking “Letian Home” in Leshan, Sichuan for Example

2011 ◽  
Vol 71-78 ◽  
pp. 3868-3873
Author(s):  
Li Jin Ma ◽  
Hong Juan Zou ◽  
Jia Shun Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Mechanics ◽  
Composite Index ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Assessment Methods ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Outdoor Environment ◽  
Computational Fluid Mechanics ◽  
Analog Computation ◽  
Wind Environment ◽  
Residential District

According to the micro-climate environment outdoor of the region, wind environment outdoor which is under planning programming can be done analog computation using computational fluid mechanics PHOENICS software. A set of comprehensive prediction and assessment system which is mainly focused on outdoor environment composite index WBGT can be established combining with assessment method on wind environment outdoor of predecessors in order to more accurately and humanly predict and assess the wind environment outdoor, bring safe, comfortable and healthy outdoor environment and provide references for the assessment and design of green residential district.

scholarly journals Morphological Analysis of Quartz Grains of Two Horizons in a Ultisol, Paraná – Brazil (Análise morfológica de grãos de quartzo de dois horizontes de Argissolos, Paraná – Brasil)

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1059
Author(s):  
Fabiana Cristina Meira Zaparoli ◽  
Nelson Vicente Lovatto Gasparetto
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Iron Oxides ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Chemical Change ◽  
Subtropical Climate ◽  
Plasma Infusion ◽  
The City ◽  
Quartz Grains ◽  
Bt Horizon

This research aimed to compare the surface morphology of quartz grains of the E and Bt horizons of an Ultisol of the Aratu stream basin, in the city of Floraí, Paraná. The Ultisol is derived from sandstones of the Caiuá Formation and it is subjected to mesothermal humid subtropical climate. The materials from the E horizon showed abundant porosity compared to the Bt horizon ones, due to the filling of pores by coating of clay and iron oxides. On the surface of the quartz grains of the E horizon, several features were identified such as ";craters";, pyramidal microfeatures, gulfs of dissolution, elongated cavities, and silica reprecipitation, resulting from the chemical change, and fragmented grains resulting from a phenomenon called ";plasma infusion."; In the Bt horizon, nearly all the detrital grains were surrounded by clay and iron oxide. The detrital grains of the Bt horizon were better preserved, showing little corrosion features and rare fragmented grains, compared to the E horizon. These analyzes showed that the water flow accounts for the superficial alteration of detrital quartz grains when they are under the influence of humid subtropical climate.  R E S U M OA pesquisa teve como objetivo comparar a morfologia superficial de grãos de quartzo dos horizontes E e Bt de um Argissolo da bacia do córrego Aratu, no município de Floraí, PR. O Argissolo é derivado de arenitos da Formação Caiuá e submetido a clima subtropical úmido mesotérmico. Os materiais do horizonte E apresentam porosidade abundante quando comparados com os do horizonte Bt, em razão do preenchimento dos poros por revestimentos de argila e óxidos de ferro. Foram identificadas na superfície dos grãos de quartzo do horizonte E várias feições tipo “crateras”, microfeições piramidais, golfos de dissolução, cavidades alongadas, reprecipitação de sílica, oriundas da alteração química, e grãos fragmentados devido ao fenômeno denominado “plasma infusion”. No horizonte Bt, praticamente todos os grãos detritais estão envolvidos por argila e óxidos de ferro. Os grãos detritais do horizonte Bt estão mais preservados, exibindo poucas feições de corrosão e raros grãos fragmentados, se comparados com os do horizonte E. Essas análises demonstraram que o fluxo hídrico é o responsável pela alteração superficial dos grãos detritais de quartzo quando sob a influência de clima subtropical úmido. Palavras-chave: Argissolo, morfologia de grãos de quartzo, alteração geoquímica, fluxo hídrico 

scholarly journals Reflectance spectroscopy of indoor settled dust in Tel Aviv, Israel: comparison between the spring and the summer seasons

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 51-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Chudnovsky ◽  
E. Ben-Dor ◽  
H. Saaroni
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Content ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Outdoor Environment ◽  
Indoor Dust ◽  
Visible Range ◽  
Tel Aviv ◽  
Settled Dust ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
The City

Abstract. The influence of mineral and anthropogenic dust components on the VIS-NIR-SWIR spectral reflectance of artificial laboratory dust mixtures was evaluated and used in combination with Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression to construct a model that correlates the dust content with its reflectance. Small amounts of dust (0.018–0.33 mg/cm2) were collected using glass traps placed in different indoor environments in Tel Aviv, Israel during the spring and summer of 2005. The constructed model was applied to reflectance spectroscopy measurements derived from the field dust samples to assess their mineral content. Additionally, field samples were examined using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to identify the most representative spectral pattern for each season. Across the visible range of spectra two main spectral shapes were observed, convex and concave, though spectra exhibiting hybrid shapes were also seen. Spectra derived from spring season dust samples were characterized mostly by a convex shape, which indicates a high mineral content. In contrast, the spectra generated from summer samples were characterized generally by a concave shape, which indicates a high organic matter content. In addition to this seasonal variation in spectral patterns, spectral differences were observed associated with the dwelling position in the city. Samples collected in the city center showed higher organic content, whereas samples taken from locations at the city margins, near the sea and next to open areas, exhibited higher mineral content. We conclude that mineral components originating in the outdoor environment influence indoor dust loads, even when considering relatively small amounts of indoor settled dust. The sensitive spectral-based method developed here has potentially many applications for environmental researchers and policy makers concerned with dust pollution.

scholarly journals Thermal Comfort Simulation on Cik Ditiro Corridor

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-78
Author(s):  
Septian Eka Prayoga ◽  
Arif Kusumawanto
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Simulation Method ◽  
Surface Material ◽  
Climate Variable ◽  
The City ◽  
Research Show

Surface materials that turn into hard surface material and lack of vegetations are some of the effects of rapid development that can affect the micro climate in urban areas. This happened on Cik Ditiro corridor in the city of Yogyakarta which had quite dense activities, this was marked by various functions of land use and human activities throughout the day. The method is simulation method that uses the EnviMET 4.0 software and the empirical measurements. This method is to simulate the value of each climate variable in existing conditions and ideal conditions. The results of this research show that the condition of the Cik Ditiro corridor still belongs to the heat which is uncomfortable thermal conditions. Recommendations result of this research is to make better thermal comfort on corridor. The result of this research to give recommendations in terms of improving better for thermal comfort.

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