A Cell-Based Method to Support Hospital Refurbishment

2019 ◽  
Vol 887 ◽  
pp. 553-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Wurzer ◽  
Ugo Maria Coraglia ◽  
Ulrich Pont ◽  
Christian Weber ◽  
Wolfgang E. Lorenz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Particle Simulation ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Scheduling Problem ◽  
Tabular Form ◽  
Problem Construction ◽  
Work Activities ◽  
Daily Work ◽  
A Cell

Hospital refurbishments often take place in parallel to regular operation, resulting in a scheduling problem: Construction activities must located such as they do not clash with daily work activities and vice versa. To be able to see this mutual influence, we have devised a tool in which we are able to visualize the adverse effects of construction on daily operation. The approach uses a cellular automaton to represent the three-dimensional hospital environment and uses a particle simulation for computing the distribution of dust, noise and vibrations. By interactively relocating work activities and construction activities, our tool can be used to solve the mentioned scheduling problem. It also enables us to show the sequence of construction and relocation activities in 3D, which might be easier to interpret than a classical project plan in tabular form.

scholarly journals Percepção da Equipe de Enfermagem do Hospital Universitário de São Luís do Maranhão Frente ao Ambiente e Segurança no Trabalho

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (5-esp.) ◽  
pp. 450-454
Author(s):  
Helone Eloísa Frazão Guimarães Faray ◽  
Rosemary Matias ◽  
Everton Ferreira Lemos ◽  
Arlindo Faray Vieira ◽  
Eduardo de Castro Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Assistants ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Work Activities ◽  
Daily Work ◽  
Occupational Risks ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
Nursing Team ◽  
Nursing Professionals ◽  
Tracheal Aspiration

Os profissionais da equipe de enfermagem realizam, em seu cotidiano de trabalho, muitas atividades laborais que conduzem a riscos ocupacionais relacionados aos resíduos biológicos, entre outros, e que precisam ser levados em consideração para que o ambiente de trabalho seja vivenciado com segurança. Destarte, objetivou-se demonstrar a percepção da equipe de enfermagem frente ao ambiente e segurança no trabalho. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de natureza aplicada com abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa de caráter descritivo exploratório, transversal, realizada no Hospital Universitário em São Luís do Maranhão, em que a equipe de enfermagem é composta por enfermeiros, técnicos e auxiliares de enfermagem. Este estudo foi realizado por meio da aplicação de questionários a 98 profissionais de enfermagem, que compõem a unidade de saúde da criança do Hospital Universitário em São Luís do Maranhão, de acordo com o critério de inclusão adotado. Sobre as atividades que as equipes de enfermagem consideram mais perigosas para a sua saúde e para o ambiente hospitalar, o maior percentual está para o descarte de resíduo hospitalar (33,7%), seguido da manipulação dos resíduos dos pacientes (18,4%) e aspiração traqueal (18,4%). A prevenção e habilidades em educação e saúde devem ser assimiladas entre profissionais de enfermagem, sobre o manejo adequado de resíduos e incentivar a implementação de precauções para minimizar a ocorrência de agravos, que comprometem a saúde e atividades laborais desenvolvidas no seu ambiente, bem como orientações sobre as consequências dos acidentes de trabalho.   Palavras-chave:  Enfermagem. Resíduos Biológicos. Ambiente Hospitalar.   Abstract The nursing team professionals carry out many work activities in their daily work that lead to occupational risks related to biological waste, among others, and that need to be taken into account so that the work environment is experienced safely. Thus, the objective was to demonstrate the  nursing team perception regarding the environment and safety at work. It is an applied nature research with a quantitative and qualitative approach of an exploratory, transversal descriptive character, carried out at  University Hospital in São Luís do Maranhão, where the nursing team is composed of nurses, technicians and nursing assistants This study was carried out by applying questionnaires to 98 nursing professionals who make up the child health unit at  university hospital in São Luís do Maranhão, according to the inclusion criterion adopted. Regarding the activities that the nursing teams consider as the most dangerous for their health and for the hospital environment, the highest percentage is for the disposal of hospital waste (33.7%), followed by the handling of patient waste (18.4%) and tracheal aspiration (18.4%). Prevention and skills in education and health must be assimilated among nursing professionals, on the proper  waste management and encourage the implementation of precautions to minimize the  injuries occurrence that affect the health and work activities carried out in their environment, as well as guidance on the consequences of accidents at work.   Keywords: Nursing. Biological Waste. Hospital Environment.

Three-dimensional particle simulation of back-sputtered carbon in electric propulsion test facility

2017 ◽  
Vol 132 ◽  
pp. 161-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongru Zheng ◽  
Guobiao Cai ◽  
Lihui Liu ◽  
Shengfei Shang ◽  
Bijiao He
Keyword(s):  
Electric Propulsion ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Particle Simulation ◽  
Test Facility

A Three-Dimensional Viscous Transonic Inverse Design Method

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. T. Tiow ◽  
M. Zangeneh
Keyword(s):  
Design Method ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Viscous Effects ◽  
Flow Equations ◽  
Flow Solution ◽  
Turbomachinery Blades ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Inverse Design Method ◽  
Euler Solver

The development and application of a three-dimensional inverse methodology is presented for the design of turbomachinery blades. The method is based on the mass-averaged swirl, rV~θ distribution and computes the necessary blade changes directly from the discrepancies between the target and initial distributions. The flow solution and blade modification converge simultaneously giving the final blade geometry and the corresponding steady state flow solution. The flow analysis is performed using a cell-vertex finite volume time-marching algorithm employing the multistage Runge-Kutta integrator in conjunction with accelerating techniques (local time stepping and grid sequencing). To account for viscous effects, dissipative forces are included in the Euler solver using the log-law and mixing length models. The design method can be used with any existing solver solving the same flow equations without any modifications to the blade surface wall boundary condition. Validation of the method has been carried out using a transonic annular turbine nozzle and NASA rotor 67. Finally, the method is demonstrated on the re-design of the blades.

Thermo-mechanical coupling particle simulation of three-dimensional large-scale non-isothermal problems

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 1551-1571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Xia
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Simulation Method ◽  
Particle Simulation ◽  
Similarity Criteria ◽  
Particle Model ◽  
Length Scale ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mechanical Coupling ◽  
Particle Simulation Method

Purpose The main purpose of this paper is to present a comprehensive upscale theory of the thermo-mechanical coupling particle simulation for three-dimensional (3D) large-scale non-isothermal problems, so that a small 3D length-scale particle model can exactly reproduce the same mechanical and thermal results with that of a large 3D length-scale one. Design/methodology/approach The objective is achieved by following the scaling methodology proposed by Feng and Owen (2014). Findings After four basic physical quantities and their similarity-ratios are chosen, the derived quantities and its similarity-ratios can be derived from its dimensions. As the proposed comprehensive 3D upscale theory contains five similarity criteria, it reveals the intrinsic relationship between the particle-simulation solution obtained from a small 3D length-scale (e.g. a laboratory length-scale) model and that obtained from a large 3D length-scale (e.g. a geological length-scale) one. The scale invariance of the 3D interaction law in the thermo-mechanical coupled particle model is examined. The proposed 3D upscale theory is tested through two typical examples. Finally, a practical application example of 3D transient heat flow in a solid with constant heat flux is given to illustrate the performance of the proposed 3D upscale theory in the thermo-mechanical coupling particle simulation of 3D large-scale non-isothermal problems. Both the benchmark tests and application example are provided to demonstrate the correctness and usefulness of the proposed 3D upscale theory for simulating 3D non-isothermal problems using the particle simulation method. Originality/value The paper provides some important theoretical guidance to modeling 3D large-scale non-isothermal problems at both the engineering length-scale (i.e. the meter-scale) and the geological length-scale (i.e. the kilometer-scale) using the particle simulation method directly.

The Development of an Automatic Three-Dimensional Mesh Generator via Modified Ray Casting

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cengiz Yeker ◽  
Ibrahim Zeid
Keyword(s):  
Finite Elements ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ray Casting ◽  
Solid Object ◽  
Casting Technique ◽  
Element Size ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Conforming Meshes ◽  
Representation Scheme

Abstract A fully automatic three-dimensional mesh generation method is developed by modifying the well-known ray casting technique. The method is capable of meshing objects modeled using the CSG representation scheme. The input to the method consists of solid geometry information, and mesh attributes such as element size. The method starts by casting rays in 3D space to classify the empty and full parts of the solid. This information is then used to create a cell structure that closely models the solid object. The next step is to further process the cell structure to make it more succinct, so that the cells close to the boundary of the solid object can model the topology with enough fidelity. Moreover, neighborhood relations between cells in the structure are developed and implemented. These relations help produce better conforming meshes. Each cell in the cell structure is identified with respect to a set of pre-defined types of cells. After the identification process, a normalization process is developed and applied to the cell structure in order to ensure that the finite elements generated from each cell conform to each other and to other elements produced from neighboring cells. The last step is to mesh each cell in the structure with valid finite elements.

Empirically validating five propositions regarding 3D visualizations for subsurface utility projects

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mechiel van Manen ◽  
Léon olde Scholtenhuis ◽  
Hans Voordijk
Keyword(s):  
Construction Projects ◽  
3D Visualization ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Complexity Level ◽  
Daily Work ◽  
Complex Projects ◽  
Project Complexity ◽  
Multiple Case

PurposeThis study aims to empirically validate five propositions about the benefits of three-dimensional (3D) visualizations for the management of subsurface utility projects. Specifically, the authors validate whether benefits from 3D in the literature of building construction project management also apply to subsurface utility projects and map them using a taxonomy of project complexity levels.Design/methodology/approachA multiple case study of three utility construction projects was carried out during which the first author was involved in the daily work practices at a utility contractor. 3D visualizations of existing project models were developed, and design and construction meetings were conducted. Practitioners' interactions with and reflections on these 3D visualizations were noted. Observational data from the three project types were matched with the five propositions to determine where benefits of 3D visualizations manifested themselves.FindingsPractitioners found that 3D visualizations had most merit in crowded urban environments when constructing rigid pipelines. All propositions were validated and evaluated as beneficial in subsurface utility projects of complexity level C3. It is shown that in urban projects with rigid pipelines (project with the highest complexity level), 3D visualization prevents misunderstanding or misinterpretations and increases efficiency of coordination. It is recommended to implement 3D visualization approaches in such complex projectsOriginality/valueThere is only limited evidence on the value 3D visualizations in managing utility projects. This study contributes rich empirical evidence on this value based on a six-month observation period at a subsurface contractor. Their merit was assessed by associating 3D approaches with project complexity levels, which may help utility contractors in strategically implementing 3D applications.

scholarly journals Finite element solution of the three-dimensional system of equations of heat dynamics of friction and wear during single braking

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 168781401880864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Grzes
Keyword(s):  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Dimensional System ◽  
System Of Equations ◽  
Sliding Velocity ◽  
Flash Temperature ◽  
Disk Brake ◽  
Discrete Contact

A three-dimensional numerical model of a disk brake to study temperature on a discrete contact of rough surfaces has been developed. It includes the system of equations formulated based on thermotribological postulates of heat dynamics of friction and wear with mutual influence of contact pressure, velocity, properties of materials, and temperature. Two approaches of calculation of the flash temperature and its influence on the maximum temperature during a single braking application were studied. Changes in the contact temperature, sliding velocity, and the thermomechanical wear during braking were shown and discussed. It was found that two of the examined variants of calculation of the flash temperature agree well for the three considered materials of the brake pads combined with the cast iron disk, at each initial sliding velocity in the range from 5 to 20 m s−1.

The Crystal Structure of KIO3.HIO3

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 468-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilian Y. Y. Chan ◽  
F. W. B. Einstein
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Monoclinic Space Group ◽  
X Ray ◽  
R Factor ◽  
Octahedral Environment ◽  
Distorted Octahedral ◽  
Potassium Hydrogen ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Least Squares Techniques

The crystal structure of potassium hydrogen di-iodate (bi-iodate) KIO3.HIO3 was determined from three dimensional X-ray data collected by counter methods. The structure was refined by full-matrix least-squares techniques to a conventional R factor of 5.0 % for the 1392 observed reflexions. The salt crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c with eight formula units in a cell of dimension a = 7.028(1) Å, b = 8.203(1) Å, c = 21.841(3) Å, β = 98.03(1)°.The iodate units are all basically pyramidal; weak interionic I—O contacts complete a very distorted octahedral environment around three iodine atoms. There is a capped octahedral (7-coordinate) environment around the remaining iodine atom. The I—O bonds are in the range 1.75–1.82 Å and the I—OH bonds are 1.91 and 1.95 Å, variations in length can be correlated with differences in the degree of involvement in (a) hydrogen bonding and (b) interaction with adjacent iodine atoms.

Numerical Comparative Analysis of In-Cylinder Tumble Flow Structures in Small PFI Engines Equipped by Heads Having Different Shapes and Squish Areas

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefania Falfari ◽  
Gian Marco Bianchi ◽  
Luca Nuti
Keyword(s):  
Flow Structure ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Ignition Time ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Valve Lift ◽  
Spark Plug ◽  
Piston Valve ◽  
Cylinder Flow ◽  
Roof Angle ◽  
Motorcycle Engine

For increasing the thermal engine efficiency, faster combustion and low cycle-to-cycle variation are required. In PFI engines the organization of in-cylinder flow structure is thus mandatory for achieving increased efficiency. In particular the formation of a coherent tumble vortex with dimensions comparable to engine stroke largely promotes proper turbulence production extending the engine tolerance to dilute/lean mixture. For motorbike and scooter applications, tumble has been considered as an effective way to further improve combustion system efficiency and to achieve emission reduction since layout and weight constraints limit the adoption of more advanced concepts. In literature chamber geometry was found to have a significant influence on bulk motion and turbulence levels at ignition time, while intake system influences mainly the formation of tumble vortices during suction phase. The most common engine parameters believed to affect in-cylinder flow structure are: 1. Intake duct angle; 2. Inlet valve shape and lift; 3. Piston shape; 4. Pent-roof angle. The present paper deals with the computational analysis of three different head shapes equipping a scooter/motorcycle engine and their influence on the tumble flow formation and breakdown, up to the final turbulent kinetic energy distribution at spark plug. The engine in analysis is a 3-valves pent-roof motorcycle engine. The three dimensional CFD simulations were run at 6500 rpm with AVL FIRE code on the three engines characterised by the same piston, valve lift, pent-roof angle and compression ratio. They differ only in head shape and squish areas. The aim of the present paper is to demonstrate the influence of different head shapes on in-cylinder flow motion, with particular care to tumble motion and turbulence level at ignition time. Moreover, an analysis of the mutual influence between tumble motion and squish motion was carried out in order to assess the role of both these motions in promoting a proper level of turbulence at ignition time close to spark plug in small 3-valves engines.

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