Analysis of Quasi-Geoid Model Created for Territory of the Republic of Armenia

2014 ◽  
Vol 1020 ◽  
pp. 484-487
Author(s):  
Venera Margaryan
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Local System ◽  
Digital Model ◽  
Geoid Model ◽  
Gravimetric Data ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Triangular Network ◽  
Gps System ◽  
The Given

Abstract: National Geodesic Network of WGS-84 system was founded in the territory of the Republic of Armenia from 2002 to 2007, which includes zero, first, and second class 1115 stations and there were other 229 State Geodesic Triangular Network stations. The observation at these stations has been done by GPS system. Each of the above mentioned stations covers on the average 27 square kilometers of the territory of Armenia. The data obtained during GPS observations have become the foundation for creating local quasi-geoid models and obtaining differences of heights (geoid wave value) of normal and WGS-84 ellipsoid surfaces. On the basis of gravimetric data a quasi-geoid model has been computed and developed. To creat the model coordinates of four geodetic satations encompassing the area of the Republic of Armenia have been used. To get the digital model of the selected area was diveded into five-minute sections by latitude and longitude and then coordinates of geodetic points have been taken. The above mentioned points were recalculated from the local system to WGS-84 system. The creation of the local elippsoid quasi-model is conditioned by the difference of 3D coordinates difference of three-dimensional of each point’s position. The values of the geoid wave vary within the range of 17.4547 meters, the average difference being almost in the centre of the area and is 21.2522 meters. To obtain the digital model of the quasi-geoid at the given local ellipsoid at each 100m a square matrix (of the network) was made by coordinates of recomputed points.

APPLICATION OF AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY RESULTS, OBTAINED USING UAV DATA TO ESTIMATE THE RESIDUAL CAPACITY OF THE LANDFILL. PRACTICE OF THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 404-415
Author(s):  
L.G. Akhmetzyanova ◽  
B.M. Usmanov ◽  
R.S. Kuz’min ◽  
A.M. Gafurov ◽  
V.V. Sirotkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aerial Photography ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Unmanned Aircraft ◽  
Actual State ◽  
Active Monitoring ◽  
Satellite Navigation System ◽  
Residual Capacity ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Project Data

Assessment of the current residual capacity is a fundamentally important task, the solution of which is demonstrated on a landfill located in the Republic of Tatarstan. To solve the task, the modern methods of high-precision three-dimensional reconstruction were used based on the survey from an unmanned aircraft DJI Phantom 4, equipped with a global satellite navigation system (GNSS) receiver. As a result of combining the project data and data from field surveys into one coordinate system and elevations and reconstruction of designed underground and ground parts of landfill calculation, the difference of models and the residual capacity of the landfill becomes possible. Based on the materials considered as of July 2020, the residual capacity of the studied landfill is 41.2 % of the project capacity, which allows us to continue to operate this landfill. The proposed approach allows for rapid and high-quality active monitoring of the engineered facility. Photogrammetric processing of the results of low-altitude aerial photography makes it possible to obtain objective data on the current actual state of the landfills, to carry out competent and valid management of the landfill functioning. Significant, this will extend the landfill's lifetime, minimize the adverse effects on the environment and predict the yield to the project capacity much more accurately.

A program for determining the area of the object entering the IR sensor grid, as well as determining the dynamic characteristics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Kuznetsov ◽  
Vladislav Litvinenko ◽  
Egor Bykov ◽  
Vadim Lukin
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Characteristics ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Threshold Level ◽  
Infrared Sensors ◽  
Laser Sensors ◽  
Sensor Channel ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Given

Currently, to evaluate the dynamic characteristics of objects, quite a large number of devices are used in the form of chronographs, which consist of various optical, thermal and laser sensors. Among the problems of these devices, the following can be distinguished: the lack of recording of the received data; the inaccessibility of taking into account the trajectory of the object flying in the sensor area, as well as taking into consideration the trajectory of the object during the approach to the device frame. The signal received from the infrared sensors is recorded in a separate document in txt format, in the form of a table. When you turn to the document, data is read from the current position of the input data stream in the specified list by an argument in accordance with the given condition. As a result of reading the data, it forms an array that includes N number of columns. The array is constructed in a such way that the first column includes time values, and columns 2...N- the value of voltage . The algorithm uses cycles that perform the function of deleting array rows where there is a fact of exceeding the threshold value in more than two columns, as well as rows where the threshold level was not exceeded. The modified array is converted into two new arrays, each of which includes data from different sensor frames. An array with the coordinates of the centers of the sensor operation zones was created to apply the Pythagorean theorem in three-dimensional space, which is necessary for calculating the exact distance between the zones. The time is determined by the difference in the response of the first and second sensor frames. Knowing the path and time, we are able to calculate the exact speed of the object. For visualization, the oscillograms of each sensor channel were displayed, and a chronograph model was created. The chronograph model highlights in purple the area where the threshold has been exceeded.

Defocus ramp correction in spot-scan imaging

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-131
Author(s):  
Kenneth H. Downing
Keyword(s):  
Computer Control ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Sufficient Accuracy ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
Electron Crystallography ◽  
Contrast Transfer Function ◽  
Tilt Axis ◽  
Specimen Height ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Envelope Functions

Three-dimensional structures of a number of samples have been determined by electron crystallography. The procedures used in this work include recording images of fairly large areas of a specimen at high tilt angles. There is then a large defocus ramp across the image, and parts of the image are far out of focus. In the regions where the defocus is large, the contrast transfer function (CTF) varies rapidly across the image, especially at high resolution. Not only is the CTF then difficult to determine with sufficient accuracy to correct properly, but the image contrast is reduced by envelope functions which tend toward a low value at high defocus.We have combined computer control of the electron microscope with spot-scan imaging in order to eliminate most of the defocus ramp and its effects in the images of tilted specimens. In recording the spot-scan image, the beam is scanned along rows that are parallel to the tilt axis, so that along each row of spots the focus is constant. Between scan rows, the objective lens current is changed to correct for the difference in specimen height from one scan to the next.

scholarly journals Variety resistance of winter barley to powdery mildew in the field in 1976−2005

2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 87-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Dreiseitl
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Powdery Mildew Resistance ◽  
Specific Resistance ◽  
Winter Barley ◽  
Mildew Resistance ◽  
Average Resistance ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Given ◽  
Resistance Of Varieties

The results of evaluation of powdery mildew resistance in winter barley varieties in 285 Czech Official Trials conducted at 20 locations were analysed. Over the period, the number of varieties tested per year increased from four to seven in 1976−1985 to 53−61 in 2002−2005. To assess the resistance of varieties, only trials with sufficient disease severity were used. In 1976−2000, six varieties (1.7% of the varieties tested in the given years) ranked among resistant (average resistance of a variety in a year > 7.5) including NR-468 possessing the gene <i>Mla13</i>, KM-2099 with <i>mlo</i> and Marinka with the genes <i>Mla7</i>, <i>MlaMu2</i>. In 2001−2005, already 33 varieties (16.9%) ranked among resistant, of which Traminer possessing the genes <i>Ml(St)</i> and <i>Ml(IM9 </i> dominated. The proportion of susceptible varieties (average resistance ≤ 5.5) did not change in the two mentioned periods. Two-rowed varieties began to be tested as late as in 1990 (the first variety was Danilo), however, no difference was found in the resistance of two- and six-rowed varieties. Using an example of two pairs of varieties (Dura-Miraj and Marinka-Tiffany) with identical genes for specific resistance but with different resistance in the field, the efficiency of non-specific resistance is discussed. The resistance of domestic and foreign varieties was similar in 1994−2000; however, in 2001−2005 the difference was 0.75 point to disadvantage of domestic ones.

The iron content of iron superoxide dismutase: determination by anomalous scattering

1983 ◽  
Vol 218 (1210) ◽  
pp. 119-126 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Iron Content ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Anomalous Scattering ◽  
Total Iron Content ◽  
Iron Site ◽  
Iron Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Density Map ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Electron Density Map

The number of iron atoms in the dimeric iron-containing superoxide dismutase from Pseudomonas ovalis and their atomic positions have been determined directly from anomalous scattering measurements on crystals of the native enzyme. To resolve the long-standing question of the total amount of iron per molecule for this class of dismutase, the occupancy of each site was refined against the measured Bijvoet differences. The enzyme is a symmetrical dimer with one iron site in each subunit. The iron position is 9 ņ from the intersubunit interface. The total iron content of the dimer is 1.2±0.2 moles per mole of protein. This is divided between the subunits in the ratio 0.65:0.55; the difference between them is probably not significant. Since each subunit contains, on average, slightly more than half an iron atom we conclude that the normal state of this enzyme is two iron atoms per dimer but that some of the metal is lost during purification of the protein. Although the crystals are obviously a mixture of holo- and apo-enzymes, the 2.9 Å electron density map is uniformly clean, even at the iron site. We conclude that the three-dimensional structures of the iron-bound enzyme and the apoenzyme are identical.

scholarly journals A Novel LOS Decision Technique Reflecting 3D DTED for Modeling an Electronic Warfare Environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 409
Author(s):  
Jaejoong Lee ◽  
Chiho Lee ◽  
Hyeon Hwi Lee ◽  
Kyung Tae Park ◽  
Hyun-Kyo Jung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interpolation Method ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Line Of Sight ◽  
Electronic Warfare ◽  
Decision Algorithm ◽  
Elevation Data ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Point Distance ◽  
Terrain Elevation

A new line-of-sight (LOS) decision algorithm applicable to simulation of electronic warfare (EW) is developed. For accurate simulation, the digital terrain elevation data (DTED) of the region to be analyzed must be reflected in the simulation, and millions of datasets are necessary in the EW environment. In order to obtain real-time results in such an environment, a technology that determines line-of-sight (LOS) quickly and accurately is very important. In this paper, a novel algorithm is introduced for determining LOS that can be applied in an EW environment with three-dimensional (3D) DTED. The proposed method shows superior performance as compared with the simplest point-to-point distance calculation method and it is also 50% faster than the conventional interpolation method. The DTED used in this paper is the data applied as level 0 for the Republic of Korea, and the decision of the LOS at approximately 1.8 million locations viewed by a reconnaissance plane flying 10 km above the ground is determined within 0.026 s.

scholarly journals Some remarks on the stability of the Cauchy equation and completeness

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harald Fripertinger ◽  
Jens Schwaiger
Keyword(s):  
Normed Space ◽  
Additive Function ◽  
Functional Equations ◽  
Constant Function ◽  
Cauchy Equation ◽  
Cauchy Difference ◽  
International Conference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Given

AbstractIt was proved in Forti and Schwaiger (C R Math Acad Sci Soc R Can 11(6):215–220, 1989), Schwaiger (Aequ Math 35:120–121, 1988) and with different methods in Schwaiger (Developments in functional equations and related topics. Selected papers based on the presentations at the 16th international conference on functional equations and inequalities, ICFEI, Bȩdlewo, Poland, May 17–23, 2015, Springer, Cham, pp 275–295, 2017) that under the assumption that every function defined on suitable abelian semigroups with values in a normed space such that the norm of its Cauchy difference is bounded by a constant (function) is close to some additive function, i.e., the norm of the difference between the given function and that additive function is also bounded by a constant, the normed space must necessarily be complete. By Schwaiger (Ann Math Sil 34:151–163, 2020) this is also true in the non-archimedean case. Here we discuss the situation when the bound is a suitable non-constant function.

386 An Exploratory Study of Bedtime Procrastination and Emotional Regulation Strategies in Insomnia compared to healthy individuals

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A153-A153
Author(s):  
Goeun Kim ◽  
Hyojin Nam ◽  
Huisu Jeon ◽  
Sooyeon Suh
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Healthy Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Regulation Strategies ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Bedtime Procrastination

Abstract Introduction Bedtime Procrastination (BP) is defined as the behavior of voluntarily delaying going to bed, without having external reasons for doing so. Recent research on procrastination behavior suggests that when negative emotions are elevated, procrastination behaviors can be triggered in order to find pleasure to avoid and alleviate them. Procrastination can also occur when there is difficulty regulating emotions. In addition, the reason for bedtime procrastination may be different depending on whether the individuals present with insomnia. According to previous studies, patients with insomnia may exhibit more pronounced negative avoidance of bedtime due to prolonged sleeplessness. Therefore, this study compared the difference between of the bedtime procrastination and the emotional regulation strategies between the insomnia group and the healthy group. Methods This study was conducted in 582 adults (mean age 23.06 ±2.16 years), 81.6% females. Individuals scoring higher than 15 on the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) were classified into the insomnia group (n=375), and those less than 15 were classified into the healthy group (n=207). Participants completed the Bedtime Procrastination Scale (BPS), Emotional Regulation Strategies Checklist. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi square test, and independent t tests. Results The insomnia group had significantly higher bedtime procrastination scores than the healthy group (t=-6.241, p&lt;.001), and also the avoidant/distractive regulation style score was significantly higher (t=-1.969, p&lt;.05). In addition, the score of active regulation style was significantly lower in the insomnia group than in the healthy group (t=3.050, p&lt;.01). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the support-seeking regulation style. Conclusion Based on these results, it was confirmed that there was a difference in the bedtime procrastination and the emotional regulation strategies between the insomnia group and the healthy group. Support (if any) This work was supported by the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Korea and the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF-2018S1A5A8026807)

scholarly journals SPECTRAL CORRELATIONS IN DISORDERED MESOSCOPIC METALS AND THEIR RELEVANCE FOR PERSISTENT CURRENTS

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (28) ◽  
pp. 1397-1406 ◽  
Author(s):  
AXEL VÖLKER ◽  
PETER KOPIETZ
Keyword(s):  
Energy Levels ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Average Density ◽  
Electron Interaction ◽  
Energy Window ◽  
Persistent Currents ◽  
Dependent Part ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Aharonov Bohm ◽  
Grand Canonical

We use the Lanczos method to calculate the variance σ2(E, ϕ) of the number of energy levels in an energy window of width E below the Fermi energy for noninteracting disordered electrons on a thin three-dimensional ring threaded by an Aharonov–Bohm flux ϕ. We confirm numerically that for small E the flux-dependent part of σ2(E, ϕ) is well described by the Altshuler–Shklovskii-diagram involving two Cooperons. However, in the absence of electron–electron interactions this result cannot be extrapolated to energies E where the energy-dependence of the average density of states becomes significant. We discuss consequences for persistent currents and argue that for the calculation of the difference between the canonical- and grand canonical current it is crucial to take the electron–electron interaction into account.

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