Conditions of Independent Movement and Orientation of Blind People in Public Space

2014 ◽  
Vol 1065-1069 ◽  
pp. 2803-2807
Author(s):  
Lenka Jurnickova ◽  
Dagmar Kuta ◽  
Renata Zdarilova
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Blind People ◽  
The Public ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Blind Persons ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Technical Regulations

The paper deals with problems of independent movement and orientation of blind persons in public space. It adverts to the importance of understanding the public space in context with needs of the blind for orientation elements, points, lines and signs. The paper follows these sets of elements in public space more closely. The objective of this paper is to get a comprehensive insight into the problems and the definition of elementary orientation elements for provision of independent movement of blind persons in public space that are reflected subsequently in technical regulations.

An Analysis of Attitudes—Dynamics and Effects

1974 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 108-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatrice A. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Strong Influence ◽  
Cognitive Factors ◽  
Blind People ◽  
Special Significance ◽  
The Public ◽  
Emotional Factors ◽  
Blind Persons ◽  
The Way

Several cognitive factors are singled out because of their strong influence on the way in which the abilities of blind people are perceived, namely: the spread phenomenon, position of the observer, expectation discrepancy, restricting environmental opportunities in accord with expectations, attribution to person versus environment. In the affective area, negative emotional factors (pity, fear, uneasiness, guilt) and positive emotional factors (genuine sympathy, respect, appreciation, warm interpersonal relationships) are discussed. Ambivalence (the presence of both positive and negative components) is seen as contributing to the variability of behavior toward blind people. Finally, guidelines for the improvement of attitudes and environmental opportunities are outlined. Of special significance for the education of the public is the approach based on the coping framework as opposed to the succumbing framework. Integrating blind persons with sighted persons into as many activities as possible is supported. The vigorous engagement and leadership in programs for the blind by blind people working collaboratively with sighted people are also stressed.

Tautas deju definēšanas problemātika mūsdienās Latvijā

2021 ◽  
pp. 94-104
Author(s):  
Elīna Gailīte
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Folk Dance ◽  
Historical Time ◽  
Cultural Space ◽  
The Public ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Adaptation Field ◽  
Time Of Origin

The article “Problems of defining folk dance in Latvia today” examines the aspects that affect the current situation in Latvia, where folk dances are understood as both folk dances that have not been modified by choreographers, dances passed down through generations that can be danced every day, and stage folk dances, which are a type of art performed by folk dance ensembles, created by choreographers and dances adapted to the stage performance. The research aim is to identify and describe the problems that currently exist in the Latvian cultural space, where the definition of folk dances creates tension in the public space and ambiguous opinions among dancers. Nowadays, it is possible to identify such concepts as, for example, folk dance, ethnographic dance, authentic dance, traditional dance, folklore dance, folk dance, folk dance adaptation, field dance, folk ballet, etc. Consistent use of concepts is rarely seen in the documents and research of cultural policymakers and the historical and contemporary works of choreographers and researchers. Often they are only described in general terms. A survey conducted in 2019 shows that dancers consider stage folk dances to be folk dances, and often this separation of dances is not important for them. Another problem is the designation of folk dance ensembles where stage folk dance dancers are dancing. The term misleads; it suggests that folk dances are danced there. However, this designation is linked to its historical time of origin. It is not insignificant that the stage folk dance is more popular, more visible, and massively represented at the Song and Dance Festival. Thus, a part of the society associates it with our folk dances.

scholarly journals Exploring citizen science in post-socialist space: Uncovering its hidden character in the Czech Republic

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 241-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbora Duží ◽  
Robert Osman ◽  
Jiří Lehejček ◽  
Eva Nováková ◽  
Pavel Taraba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Citizen Science ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Representation ◽  
Science Projects ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
High Level ◽  
Search Approach ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Citizen science is a relatively new phenomenon in the Czech Republic and currently a general overview of existing citizen science projects is not available. This presents the challenge to uncover the ‘hidden’ citizen science landscapes. The main objective of this paper is to explore the (public) representation of citizen science (CS) projects and to describe their heterogeneity. The study aims to answer the question of what type of projects in the Czech Republic meet the definition of citizen science. Based on a specific methodological data-base search approach, we compiled a set of CS projects (N = 73). During the classification process, two general citizen science categories were identified. The first group (N = 46) consists of “pure” CS projects with a prevalence towards the natural sciences, principally ornithology, and thus corresponding to general European trends. Citizens usually participate in such research in the form of data collection and basic interpretation, and a high level of cooperation between academia and NGOs was detected. The second group of “potential” CS projects (N = 27) entails various forms of public participation in general, frequently coordinated by NGOs. Based on these results, we discuss the position of citizen science in the Czech Republic, including socially-oriented citizen science. Further research is strongly encouraged to achieve a more in-depth insight into this social phenomenon.

Rearranging Urban Space

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 13-26
Author(s):  
Francesca Menichelli
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
The Public ◽  
Surveillance Cameras ◽  
Public Character ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The City

This article investigates what happens to urban space once an open-street CCTV system is implemented, framing the analysis in terms of the wider struggle that unfolds between different urban stakeholders for the definition of acceptability in public space. It is argued that, while the use of surveillance cameras was initially seen as functional to the enforcement of tighter control and to the de-complexification of urban space so as to make policing easier, a shift has now taken place in the articulation of this goal. As a result, it has slowly progressed to affect the wider field of sociability, with troubling consequences for the public character of public space. In light of this development, the article concludes by making the case for a normative stance to be taken in order to increase fairness and diversity in the city.

Japanese Buddhism and the Public Sphere: From the End of World War II to the Post-Great East Japan Earthquake and Nuclear Power Plant Accident

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shimazono Susumu
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Public Sphere ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
The Public ◽  
The People ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Hanshin Earthquake

Abstract Until the 1990s, a commonly held view in Japan was that Buddhism had withdrawn from public space, or that Buddhism had become a private concern. Although Buddhist organizations conducted relief and support activities for the people affected at the time of the Great Hanshin Earthquake in 1995, they were often seen to be out of place, and little attention was given to them by the media. However recently there are areas in which Buddhism can be seen as playing new roles in the public sphere. Religious organizations seem to be expected to perform functions in fields that lie outside the narrow definition of religion. These expectations are becoming stronger among Buddhist organizations as well. In this paper, I describe some areas in the public sphere in which Buddhist groups are starting to play important roles including disaster relief, support of the poor and people without relatives, provision of palliative care and spiritual care, and involvement in environmental and nuclear plant issues.

scholarly journals Liminal Publics, Marginal Resistance

IDEA JOURNAL ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 88-101
Author(s):  
Menna Agha ◽  
Els DeVos
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Spatial Justice ◽  
The Public ◽  
Liminal Spaces ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Definition Of

In 1964, indigenous Nubians were displaced from their original land – the land between what is now Egypt and that of Sudan – to modernised settlements built by the Egyptian state. The Nubians dissatisfaction with the novel built environment translated into transgressive public spaces. One of the most common transgressions was the addition of an external bench called Mastaba. Since power relations between men and women have changed, the built environment now acts as a catalyst in the exclusion of women from formal public spaces such as conventional coffee shops and squares. Mastabas function as liminal spaces, spaces which blur the boundaries between public and private spheres. As these spaces do not suit the formal understanding of public spaces, we investigate these liminal spaces in order to reveal the spatial tactics of the marginal. We argue that the existence of these spaces raises issues of spatial justice and spatial resistance.    The behaviour of liminal public spaces varies; they have the ability to transform adjacent spaces. This research investigates the role of the Mastaba in opening up the public space for women, thereby giving them the ability to contribute to the writing of their social contract. We base our analysis on extensive fieldwork, consisting of auto-ethnographic observations and participation, informed by a feminist epistemology. We use tools of spatial analysis to explore an alternative public space offered by liminality. To question the binary notions of private and public space, we ask ourselves: where does that space start? As spatial professionals, we also wonder: can we contest the hegemonic definition of public space and contribute to spatial resistance? Drawing lessons from the case of the Mastaba, we propose contingencies for designing the liminal that serve the marginal.

What Does the Comparative Do for Cosmopolitanism?

PMLA ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 128 (3) ◽  
pp. 629-635
Author(s):  
César Domínguez
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Literature ◽  
Public Space ◽  
French Literature ◽  
The Public ◽  
Northern European ◽  
Cultural Experiences ◽  
The World ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Do So

A conventional definition of cosmopolitanism stressesrelationships to a plurality of cultures understood as distinctive entities. (And the more the better; cosmopolitans should ideally be foxes rather than hedgehogs.) But furthermore cosmopolitanism in a stricter sense includes a stance toward diversity itself, toward the coexistence of cultures in the individual experience…. It is an intellectual and aesthetic stance of openness toward divergent cultural experiences. (Hannerz 239)In the foundation of comparative literature as a distinctive discipline, cosmopolitanism was valued for its “exoticism”—namely, the feeling of being “a citizen ‘of every nation,’ not to belong to one's ‘native country’” (Texte 79), which in (French) literature translated as the openness toward other (northern European) literatures (xi).Defining cosmopolitanism in relation to national loyalties, multilingualism, and mobility overlooks the fact that the cosmopolitan is much older than the nation and that not all multilingual abilities and mobilities are accepted as cosmopolitan, especially when they lack “sophistication.” Since I have partially discussed these issues elsewhere, I will not pursue them here but will restrict myself to Hannah Arendt's future-oriented concept of cosmopolitanism as global citizenship. My aim is to stress the elitism in many theories of cosmopolitanism and to show how comparative literature can challenge this elitism by looking at “hidden traditions.” To do so, I will draw on two essays by Arendt—“The Jew as Pariah: A Hidden Tradition” and “Karl Jaspers: Citizen of the World?” As for the first essay, I will introduce Gypsy next to Jew, the latter being Arendt's exclusive interest despite the implications of her use of the concept of the pariah. In the second essay, Arendt discusses acting qua human, the rights granted by membership in a (cosmo)polis, and what “citizen of the world” (cosmopolitan?) means in relation to the public space, and she stresses the value of communication, with the living and the dead. Furthermore, Arendt differentiates between cosmopolitan and European. I argue that postwar European integration challenges in unexpected ways Arendt's view both on rights as linked to nationality and on citizenship in a cosmopolitan polity.

scholarly journals Urban Public Space Axis Rector of Green Infrastructure in the Current City of Ecuador

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Marina Perez
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Urban Public Space ◽  
The Public ◽  
Theoretical Support ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship

The current city calls for the reconsideration of a close relationship between gray infrastructure and public spaces, understanding the infrastructure as a set of items, equipment, or services required for the functioning of a country, a City. Ambato, Ecuador, is a current intermediate city, has less than 1% of the urban surface with use of public green spaces, which represents a figure below the 9m2/ hab., recommended by OMS. The aim of this paper was to identify urban public spaces that switches of green infrastructure in the city today, applying a methodology of qualitative studies. With an exploratory descriptive level analysis, in three stages, stage of theoretical foundation product of a review of the existing literature, which is the theoretical support of the relationship gray infrastructure public spaces equal to green infrastructure. Subsequent to this case study, discussed with criteria aimed at green infrastructure and in the public spaces of the study area. Finally, after processing and analysis of the results, we provide conclusions for urban public space as a definition of the green infrastructure of the current city of Latin America; in the latter, the focus is to support this article.

scholarly journals Pilietinis pasipriešinimas ir kontrpropagandos deinstitucionalizavimo prielaidos

2010 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 45-62
Author(s):  
Modestas Grigaliūnas
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
The Public ◽  
Civil Resistance ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Military

Straipsnyje pilietinis pasipriešinimas aptariamas kontrpropagandos požiūriu, siekiant pagrįsti šio individualaus nesutikimo su galios struktūrų primetamomis situacijomis deinstitucionalizavimo prielaidas. Teigiama, kad kontrpropaganda gali būti laikomi ir individualūs pasipriešinimo veiksmai, komunikaciniu požiūriu išreikšti viešojoje erdvėje. Pristatomi šiuolaikinės kontrpropagandos sampratos virsmai, o pilietinis pasipriešinimas išskiriamas ir empiriniais pavyzdžiais iliustruojamas kaip metodas, galintis atspindėti ir individualios deinstitucionalizuotos kontrpropagandos procesus, ir valstybinę militaristinę gynybą.Pagrindiniai žodžiai: kontrpropaganda, pilietinis pasipriešinimas, informacinės kovos, šalies gynyba, bendruomenių aktyvumas.Civil Resistence and Assumptions of the Deinstitutionalization of CounterpropagandaModestas Grigaliūnas SummaryCivil resistance is analyzed under the outlook of counterpropaganda by seeking to base the assumptions of its deinstitutionalization. Counterpropaganda may be defined by the individual activities of resistance, which are communicated in the public space. The changes of the definition of contemporary counterpropaganda are presented, and civil resistance is illustrated by the empirical examples as the method that may help understand both the processes of individual’s deinstitutionalized counterpropaganda and the military defence of the state.Key words: counterpropaganda, civil resistance, informational fights, country defence, activity of the communities 18px;"> 

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