Synthesis of Graphene via Green Reduction of Graphene Oxide with Simple Sugars

2015 ◽  
Vol 1107 ◽  
pp. 542-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ainnur Izzati Kamisan ◽  
Ainnur Sherene Kamisan ◽  
Ruslinda Md Ali ◽  
Tunku Ishak Tunku Kudin ◽  
Oskar Hasdinor Hassan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Graphite Oxide ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Graphite Powder ◽  
Partial Removal ◽  
Green Approach ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Mild Reduction ◽  
Device Applications ◽  
Modified Hummers Method

A new carbon material called graphene has been attracting an increasing research interest owing to its unique electrical and mechanical properties that is useful for the various device applications. The synthesis of graphene from graphene oxide usually involves harmful chemical reducing agents that are toxic and undesirable to human and the environment. By avoiding the use of toxic and environmentally harmful reductants, we report a green approach for the reduction of graphene oxide by using reducing sugars to synthesis graphene. Graphite oxide was synthesized from graphite powder using modified Hummers method. Graphite oxide then further exfoliated to graphene oxide by using ultrasonic irradiation. Graphene then was obtained by the mild reduction of graphene oxide with reducing sugars (glucose, lactose and maltose). The structural study of the as-prepared graphene is characterized by Raman spectroscopy and fourier infra red spectroscopy. Raman and FTIR spectra indicates the partial removal of oxygen functional groups from the surface of GO. Characterizations indicate that graphene oxide is successfully reduced to graphene by sugar.

Ultrasonic Assisted Synthesis of Reduced Graphene Oxide in Glucose Solution

2016 ◽  
Vol 708 ◽  
pp. 25-29
Author(s):  
Ainnur Izzati Kamisan ◽  
Lili Widarti Zainuddin ◽  
Ainnur Sherene Kamisan ◽  
T.I.T. Kudin ◽  
Oskar Hasdinor Hassan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Reduced Graphene Oxide ◽  
Graphite Oxide ◽  
Glucose Solution ◽  
Graphite Powder ◽  
Green Approach ◽  
Reduced Graphene ◽  
Mild Reduction ◽  
Ultrasonic Assisted ◽  
Device Applications

A new carbon material viz. graphene has been attracted an increasing research interest owing to its unique electrical and mechanical properties that is useful for the various device applications. The synthesis of graphene from graphene oxide usually involves harmful chemical reducing agents that are toxic and undesirable to human and the environment. By avoiding the use of toxic and environmentally harmful reductants, we report a green approach to effectively reduce graphene oxide to graphene in glucose solution at room temperature. Graphite oxide was synthesized from graphite powder using modified Hummers’ method. Graphite oxide then further exfoliated to graphene oxide by using ultrasonic irradiation. The mild reduction of graphene oxide is carried out by mixing graphene oxide solution with glucose. The reduction time is varied with 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes. TEM images provide clear evidence for the formation of few layer graphene. Characterization of theresulting glucose reduced graphene oxide by FTIR indicates the partial removal of oxygen-containing functional groups from the surface of graphene oxide and formation of graphene with defects.

Anodic Aqueous Electrophoretic Deposition of Graphene Oxide on Copper Using Different Cathode Materials

2020 ◽  
Vol 1008 ◽  
pp. 21-27
Author(s):  
Essam Hares ◽  
Ahmed Hassan El-Shazly ◽  
Marwa Farouk El-Kady ◽  
Kholoud Madih ◽  
Hamdiya Orleans-Boham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Electrophoretic Deposition ◽  
Graphite Oxide ◽  
Cathode Materials ◽  
Aqueous Suspension ◽  
Graphite Powder ◽  
Liquid Exfoliation ◽  
Hummers Method ◽  
Oxide Deposition ◽  
Modified Hummers Method

The effect of four different cathode materials on the anodic deposition of graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets was studied experimentally. First, synthesis of graphite oxide from graphite powder was done by modified Hummers' method. Ultrasonic technique was adopted for the preparation of the stable aqueous suspension of GO by using liquid exfoliation of graphite oxide. Deposition of GO coating on copper sheets (the anode) was done via electrophoretic deposition (EPD) at the same operating condition (5V, 2 min, concentration of 0.5 mg/ml of GO per deionized water) with different cathode materials (copper, stainless steel, aluminum and graphite). The coatings’ morphological and microstructure were investigated using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the effect of the current density in the EPD process was obtained. The change in the deposition weight was also measured. It was ascertained that the cathode’s material is a major factor can affect the GO’s EPD process and the characteristics of the final coating.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterization of Reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO) Started from Graphene Oxide (GO) Using the Tour Method with Different Parameters

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adere Tarekegne Habte ◽  
Delele Worku Ayele
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Reduced Graphene Oxide ◽  
Potassium Permanganate ◽  
Chemical Reduction ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Graphite Powder ◽  
Green Approach ◽  
Synthesis Strategy ◽  
Reduced Graphene ◽  
Diffraction Patterns

A new approach to synthesize graphene is oxidizing graphite powder with a mixture of H2SO4/H3PO4 acids and potassium permanganate. Parameters such as reaction time, reaction temperature, and amount of concentration were varied to study the degree of oxidation of graphite to graphene oxide. Currently, an improved method for the preparation of graphene oxide was the most common one. A mixture of H2SO4/H3PO4 (9 : 1 volume ratio) instead of only H2SO4 resulted in increased hydrophilic and oxidized GO without the emission of toxic gas, which differs from the traditional Hummers’ method. The graphene oxide (GO) was converted to reduced graphene oxide (rGO) by chemical reduction using ascorbic acid as the reducing agent. The GO and rGO were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction patterns. The result showed that treating graphite powder with potassium permanganate (1 : 9) and a mixture of concentrated H2SO4/H3PO4 acids at 50°C for 12 hours resulted in a better oxidation degree. The designed synthesis strategy could be easily controlled and is an alternative green approach for the production of graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide.

Enhancement of Hydrophobility and Thermal Property of Graphene Oxide by Paratoluidine Chemical Functionalization

2014 ◽  
Vol 809-810 ◽  
pp. 243-247
Author(s):  
Zhi Jia Luo ◽  
Hong Zhang Geng ◽  
Song Ting Zhang ◽  
Bao Tan Du ◽  
Xing Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Thermal Property ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Graphite Powder ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Chemical Functionalization ◽  
Hummers Method ◽  
Modified Hummers Method

Graphene oxide (GO) is typically synthesized by graphite powder under strong oxidizing reaction, possessing with the same set of functional groups: epoxy and hydroxyl in basal plane and carboxyl and hydroxyl groups existence on the flake edges which endow GO with amphipathy. GO and its functionalized derivatives have been successfully tested in many domains, such as polymer composites, biosensors, drug delivery systems, etc. In this paper, GO was prepared by a modified Hummers method employing improved process (preparation and separation), aiming at industrialization with the lowest cost. Moreover, some novel functional groups with different properties were controlled chemically grafted onto GO to modify the wettability and reaction activity with other materials. The hydrophobicity and the thermal property of graphene oxide were enhanced by chemical functionalization.

scholarly journals Preparation and Characterization of Reduced Graphene Oxide Sheets via Water-Based Exfoliation and Reduction Methods

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vorrada Loryuenyong ◽  
Krit Totepvimarn ◽  
Passakorn Eimburanapravat ◽  
Wanchai Boonchompoo ◽  
Achanai Buasri
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Reduced Graphene Oxide ◽  
Graphite Oxide ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Graphite Powder ◽  
Chemical Oxidation ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Manufacturing Method ◽  
Ultrasound Frequency ◽  
Reduced Graphene

This research studied the synthesis of graphene oxide and graphene via a low-cost manufacturing method. The process started with the chemical oxidation of commercial graphite powder into graphite oxide by modified Hummer’s method, followed by the exfoliation of graphite oxide in distilled water using the ultrasound frequency from a laboratory ultrasonic bath. Finally, the oxygen functional groups on exfoliated graphite oxide or graphene oxide were eliminated by stirring in hot distilled water at 95°C, as a replacement for highly toxic and dangerously unstable hydrazine. The results assured that stirring in hot distilled water could give the product of graphene or reduced graphene oxide. The samples were characterized by FTIR, XRD, TGA, Raman spectroscopy, SEM, and TEM methods.

scholarly journals Reduction of Graphene Oxide: Controlled Synthesis by Microwave Irradiation

Molekul ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Endah Fitriani Rahayu ◽  
Bunnari Bunnari ◽  
Andri Hardyansyah
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Microwave Irradiation ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Controlled Synthesis ◽  
Microwave Exposure ◽  
Graphite Oxidation ◽  
Reduced Graphene ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
The Fourier Transform ◽  
Modified Hummers Method

Graphene has been attracting enormous attention in the scientific community because of its unique properties and use for various applications. Graphene has been synthesized in various ways, one of which is the graphite oxidation method to form graphene oxide (GO). Reduction of GO to reduced graphene oxide (RGO) is necessary to recover the conjugated network and electrical conductivity, and for this research, this was achieved using microwave irradiation. Microwave synthesis provides an alternative method, saving more time in the reaction process. In this research, graphene was synthesized from graphite by the modified Hummers method and microwave irradiation. This research proves that graphene can be synthesized with a high-quality structure and in a shorter amount of time using microwave irradiation to reduce GO. With longer microwave exposure, less GO is present in the sample, as indicated by the absence of an n–π* electronic transition in the absorbance graph and the absence of oxide groups in the Fourier-Transform Infra-Red spectrum. With increasing microwave power, the reduction process is short-lived, and better quality RGO is produced. This study shows that the new reduction process occurs within 20 minutes with a power of 450 and 630 watts, but at 900 watts, the reduction of GO occurs within 10 minutes, as shown by UV-Vis and FTIR spectra.

Structure and Properties of Graphene Oxide Aerogels by Freeze-Drying Process

2020 ◽  
Vol 862 ◽  
pp. 78-82
Author(s):  
Ren Lon Zhang ◽  
Jean Hong Chen ◽  
Lung Chuan Chen ◽  
Hao Lin Hsu ◽  
Jun Ku Lin
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Graphite Powder ◽  
Order Structure ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Xrd Pattern ◽  
Lamellar Layer ◽  
The One ◽  
Modified Hummers Method

The structure and properties of graphene oxide aerogels (GOA), prepared by a modified Hummer’s method followed by a freezing-drying process in addition to a pre-oxidized procedure, were studied through FTIR, Raman, SEM and XDR techniques. FTIR results indicated the existence of -C-O, -C-OH and -C=O function groups on the GOA surface. Therefore, the D band intensity of GOA sample exhibited remarkable increasing in the Raman spectra compared with of graphite; it may be due to change the order-structure of graphite to disorder-structure of GOA. The diffractive peak for the graphite at 2θ of 26.5° vanishes instead the one around 10.0° occurred in the XRD pattern for the GOA supported that the structure and d-spacing changed seriously from graphite to GOA. The SEM images revealed that the micro-structure of graphene layer of GOA was wrinkler and softer than that of graphite, however, the former involved fewer lamellar layer appearance with wrinkles on the edges of the graphene. All the characterized evaluation confirmed that the graphite powder has been transformed into a GOA structure through the modified Hummers’ method.

The Influence of Temperature and Oxidation Time on the Preparation of Graphite Oxide

2011 ◽  
Vol 366 ◽  
pp. 291-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiao Huang ◽  
Hong Juan Sun ◽  
Tong Jiang Peng
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Graphite Oxide ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Oxidation Time ◽  
Monolayer Graphene ◽  
Coarse Particles ◽  
Graphene Oxide Nanosheets ◽  
Oxidation Level ◽  
Lower Oxidation ◽  
Modified Hummers Method

Graphite oxide samples with different oxidation levels were prepared by the oxidation of natural flake graphite based on a modified Hummers method, using different reaction temperatures and oxidation times followed by ultrasonication then centrifugation to obtain the corresponding graphene oxide nanosheet suspensions. The samples were characterized by XRD and AFM. The results show that the oxidation level of graphite oxide samples can be increased by increasing either the reaction temperature or the oxidation time. Well-dispersed suspensions of the graphite oxide samples can be formed in alkaline solution after ultrasonication, especially for samples with higher oxidation levels. A number of coarse particles are observed in the suspensions, particularly those derived from graphite oxide samples with lower oxidation levels, due to the lower degree of exfoliation in these samples, which is influenced by the oxidation level. Rapid sedimentation of these coarse particles can be achieved by high-speed centrifugation, yielding homogenous suspensions of graphite oxide comprising a mass of monolayer graphene oxide nanosheets with lateral dimensions of several hundred nanometers to several micrometers and thickness of ~1.0–1.4 nm.

Study of Ozone Decomposition Using TiO2-Graphene Composites

2014 ◽  
Vol 716-717 ◽  
pp. 102-107
Author(s):  
Xin Tan ◽  
Qian Qian Shang ◽  
Si Yu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Graphite Oxide ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Graphite Powder ◽  
Light Irradiation ◽  
Tetrabutyl Titanate ◽  
Ozone Decomposition ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Hummers Method ◽  
Modified Hummers Method

Graphene (Gn) were prepared by reduction of graphite oxide (GO), which was obtained from oxidation of graphite powder by a modified Hummers method. The composite of titanium dioxide/graphene (TiO2/Gn) was synthesized using tetrabutyl titanate and GO as the precursors by a sol-gel method. The ozone photodecomposition efficiency of TiO2/Gn was operated under ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis, λ>365nm) light irradiation. Results showed that as-prepared TiO2/Gn composite exhibited photodecomposition efficiency of 66.12% under UV-Vis light irradiation 1h with the initial concentration of 0.150ppm-0.200ppm, preliminary larger than that of pure TiO2(25.95%), self-photolysis of ozone without photocatalysts (1.33%). The effects of initial concentration of ozone and photodecomposition mechanism were discussed.

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