Production of Biodiesel from Cooking Oil Using CaO Catalyst

2015 ◽  
Vol 1113 ◽  
pp. 518-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mardhiah Mohamad ◽  
Norzita Ngadi ◽  
Nurul Saadiah Lani
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Calcium Oxide ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Catalyst Amount ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Transesterification Method ◽  
Percentage Conversion

Transesterification method was carried out in biodiesel production from cooking oil (CO). Calcium oxide (CaO) was selected as the best catalyst. This study investigated the effects of percentage conversion of oil to biodiesel from methanol to oil molar ratio and catalyst amount. Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) test method was used to analyze the surface area. The results obtained showed that using 200°C calcined CaO catalyst, 76.67 % biodiesel was successfully converted from oil. This indicates that the cooking oil (CO) has potential to become a future source of biodiesel. 0.5 w/w% catalyst dosages, 3:5 oil to methanol molar ratio and 65°C reaction temperature are the best condition for the biodiesel conversion from oil. This study also shows that conversion of cooking oil is significantly affected by methanol to oil molar ratio and catalyst amount.

Production of Biodiesel from Waste Cooking Oil via Ultrasonic-Assisted Catalytic System

2014 ◽  
Vol 699 ◽  
pp. 552-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norzita Ngadi ◽  
Lai Nyuk Ma ◽  
Hajar Alias ◽  
Anwar Johari ◽  
Roshanida Abd Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxide ◽  
Catalyst Concentration ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Catalyst Amount ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Used Oil ◽  
Ultrasonic Assisted ◽  
Transesterification Method ◽  
Percentage Conversion

In this study, production of biodiesel from waste cooking oil (WCO) was carried out via ultrasonic-assisted transesterification method. Calcium oxide (CaO) was used as a catalyst. The effects of methanol to oil molar ratio, reaction temperature and the catalyst amount towards the percentage conversion of oil to biodiesel were investigated. The biodiesel produced was analyzed using GC-FID method. The results obtained showed that 82 % of oil was successfully converted into biodiesel. This indicates that the used oil (WCO) has the potential to be the future source of biodiesel. Catalyst concentration of 3 w/w%, methanol to oil molar ratio of 15:1 and temperature of 65°C are the best condition for the conversion of oil to biodiesel. The result obtained was found out that, methanol to oil molar ratio and catalyst amount has given significant effect on the conversion of oil. However, temperature ranged from (35 to 75) °C apparently, showed no significant effect on percentage conversion of oil.

Effect of TiO2 Mixed CaO Catalyst in Palm Oil Transesterification

2014 ◽  
Vol 695 ◽  
pp. 319-322
Author(s):  
Mardhiah Mohamad ◽  
Norzita Ngadi
Keyword(s):  
Heterogeneous Catalyst ◽  
Calcination Temperature ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Catalyst Amount ◽  
Tio2 Catalyst ◽  
Transesterification Method ◽  
Percentage Conversion

Biodiesel is a promising alternative fuel. In this study, production of biodiesel from cooking oil (CO) was carried out via transesterification method. Heterogeneous catalyst, calcium oxide-titanium dioxide (CaO-TiO2) was selected as the best catalyst. The effects of CaO-TiO2 catalyst on catalyst amount and calcination temperature of catalyst towards the percentage conversion of oil to biodiesel were investigated. The catalysts were analyzed using Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) test method. The results obtained showed that 76.67 % of oil was successfully converted into biodiesel using 800°C calcined CaO-TiO2 catalyst. This indicates that the CaO-TiO2 has potential as a future heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production. Catalyst dosage of 0.5 w/w% with molar ratio oil to methanol is 3:5, stirring speed of 250 rpm and temperature of 65°C in 1 hour reaction time are the best condition for the conversion of oil to biodiesel. It was found out that, calcination temperature of catalyst and catalyst amount gave significant effect on the conversion of oil.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Shell-Derived Calcium Oxide Catalysts for the Production of Biodiesel Esters from Cooking Oils

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-27
Author(s):  
Ngee Sing Chong ◽  
Francis Uchenna Okejiri ◽  
Saidi Abdulramoni ◽  
Shruthi Perna ◽  
Beng Guat Ooi
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxide ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Synthesis ◽  
Cooking Oils ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Percentage Conversion

Due to the high cost of feedstock and catalyst in biodiesel production, the viability of the biodiesel industry has been dependent on government subsidies or tax incentives. In order to reduce the cost of production, food wastes including eggshells and oyster shells have been used to prepare calcium oxide (CaO) catalysts for the transesterification reaction of biodiesel synthesis. The shells were calcined at 1000 °C for 4 hours to obtain CaO powders which were investigated as catalysts for the transesterification of waste cooking oil. The catalysts were characterized by Fourier Transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy. Reaction parameters such as methanol-to-oil molar ratio, CaO catalyst concentration, and reaction time were evaluated and optimized for the percentage conversion of cooking oil to biodiesel esters. The oyster-based CaO showed better catalytic activity when compared to the eggshell-based CaO under the same set of reaction conditions.

Biodiesel Production through Direct Transesterification of Waste Cooking Oil with Alcohol via Ultrasonic Wave

2013 ◽  
Vol 389 ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
Yong Feng Kang ◽  
Hua Jin Shi ◽  
Lin Ge Yang ◽  
Jun Xia Kang ◽  
Zi Qi Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Ultrasonic Power ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Synthesis ◽  
Optimum Reaction ◽  
Ester Exchange Reaction

Biodiesel is prepared from waste cooking oil and methanol. The ester exchange reaction is conducted under ultrasonic conditions with alkali as the catalysts. Five factors influencing on the transesterification reaction of biodiesel production are discussed in this study, including the reaction time, reaction temperature, catalyst amount, methanol to oil molar ratio, ultrasonic power. A series of laboratory experiments were carried out to test the conversion of biodiesel under various conditions. The process of biodiesel production was optimized by application of orthogonal test obtain the optimum conditions for biodiesel synthesis. The results showed that the optimum reaction conditions were:molar ratio of oil to methanol 8:1,catalysts 1.2g KOH/100g oil,reaction temperature 70°C, reaction time 50 min,Ultrasonic power 400W. The conversion may up to 96.48%.

scholarly journals Green Heterogeneous Base Catalyst from Ripe-Unripe Plantain Peels for the Transesterification of Waste Cooking Oil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olayomi Abiodun Falowo ◽  
Babatunde Oladipo ◽  
Abiola Ezekiel Taiwo ◽  
Tomiwa Ayomiposi Olaiya ◽  
Oluwaseun Oyekola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Base Catalyst ◽  
Catalyst Amount ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Heterogeneous Base Catalyst ◽  
Heterogeneous Base

Abstract Economical feedstocks such as agricultural wastes, food wastes, and waste cooking oil were used for biodiesel production to expand their application. Thus, a solid base catalyst was synthesized from a mixture of ripe and unripe plantain peels at a calcination temperature of 500 oC for 4 h. The catalyst was characterized using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis, Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method. The waste cooking oil (WCO) used in this study was first pretreated with 3% (v/v) of H2SO4 via esterification reaction due to its high acid value. The esterified WCO was converted to biodiesel via transesterification reaction, and the process was then modeled and optimized using Taguchi L9 orthogonal array design method considering reaction temperature, reaction time, catalyst amount, and methanol/WCO molar ratio as the input variables. Based on the results, the synthesized catalyst predominantly contained potassium phases with 45.16 wt.%. The morphology of the catalyst revealed a crystalline mesoporous nanocomposite. At the end of WCO esterification, the acidity of the oil decreased from 5 to 1 mg KOH/g. The optimal conditions established for the transesterification process were catalyst amount of 0.5 wt.%, methanol/WCO molar ratio of 6:1, reaction temperature of 45 oC, and reaction time of 45 min with a corresponding biodiesel yield of 97.96 wt.%. The quality of the biodiesel produced satisfied the specifications (ASTM D6751 and EN 14241) recommended for biodiesel fuels. Hence, a blend of ripe and unripe plantain peels could serve as an efficient heterogeneous base catalyst in producing biodiesel from WCO.

scholarly journals Process optimization of biodiesel production catalyzed by CaO nanocatalyst using response surface methodology

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 269-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyanka Bharti ◽  
Bhaskar Singh ◽  
R. K. Dey
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Catalyst Amount

Abstract Uses of nanocatalysts have become more useful in optimizing catalytic reactions. They are known to enhance the rate of reaction by offering a greater number of active sites by possessing a high surface-to-volume ratio. In the present work, calcium oxide nanocatalysts were synthesized through the sol–gel method. The particle size of the nanocatalyst prepared ranged up to 8 nm. Soybean oil was used as the raw material for the synthesis of biodiesel. The synthesized nano-CaO was characterized through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and BET (Brunauer–Emmett–Teller). Average BET surface area analysis of the nanocatalyst was calculated to be 67.781 m2/g and pore diameter was 3.302 nm. Nano-CaO catalyst was used to synthesize biodiesel and optimize the reaction variables through optimization processes to achieve a high yield of biodiesel. The reaction variables that were optimized were catalyst amount, oil to methanol molar ratio and reaction temperature. Upon optimization, the conversion of biodiesel was found to be 97.61%. The optimized value of the reaction variables was: catalyst amount of 3.675 wt% with respect to oil, molar ratio (alcohol to oil) of 11:1, and reaction temperature of 60 °C for 2 h. Graphic abstract

Application of Calcium Methoxide as Solid Base Catalyst for Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil

2016 ◽  
Vol 723 ◽  
pp. 594-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nichaonn Chumuang ◽  
Vittaya Punsuvon
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Catalyst Concentration ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Transesterification Reaction ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Solid Base ◽  
Base Catalyst ◽  
Solid Base Catalyst ◽  
Cooking Oil

In this study, the biodiesel production of waste cooking oil using calcium methoxide as solid base catalyst was investigated. The calcium methoxide catalyst was synthesized from calcined quick lime reacted with methanol. The XRD result showed that the catalyst was successfully synthesized with sufficient purity. The strength of catalyst was examined on the transesterification reaction of waste cooking oil and methanol. Parameters affecting on transesterification such as the catalyst concentration, methanol-to-oil-molar ratio, reaction time and reaction temperature were investigated. The results showed that the percentage of fatty acid methyl ester conversion of 99.06%. The optimum conditions were achieved within 3 h using 3wt% catalyst concentration, 12:1 methanol-to-oil molar ratio and 65°C reaction temperature. In addition, the kinetic study of transesterification reaction was carried out at the temperature from 30°C to 65°C. The pseudo-first order was good agreement with the experiment results. The reaction rate constant (k) and activated energy (Ea) were determined as 0.023 min-1 and 55.77 kJ/mol, respectively.

scholarly journals Biodiesel Production from Waste Palm Oil Catalyzed by Hierarchical ZSM-5 Supported Calcium Oxide

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuf Muhammad Zein ◽  
Anil Kumar Anal ◽  
Didik Prasetyoko ◽  
Imroatul Qoniah
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxide ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Kinematic Viscosity ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Catalyst Amount ◽  
Maximum Conversion ◽  
Astm D6751 ◽  
Methyl Ester Content

Biodiesel production from waste palm oil catalyzed by hierarchical ZSM-5 supported calcium oxide was studied. The activity of CaO increased after supported on h-ZSM-5 resulting an increase in conversion from 93.17% to 95.40%. A maximum conversion of 95.40% was achieved at 6 h reaction time, 3 wt.% catalyst amount, 12:1 methanol to oil molar ratio and 65 °C reaction temperature. The waste palm oil showed a high potential as a feedstock in biodiesel production in which there was no significant different in the conversion of fresh and waste palm oil. The properties of the obtained biodiesel required the limits of biodiesel specification according to ASTM D6751-08 and EN 14214 with the methyl ester content of 97.18%, the acid value of 0.24 mg KOH/g, the kinematic viscosity of 4.64 cSt and the density of 869.9 kg/m3.

scholarly journals Biodiesel Production from Castor Oil and Its Application in Diesel Engine

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 90 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Ismail ◽  
S. A Abu ◽  
R Rezaur ◽  
H Sinin
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Transesterification Method ◽  
Optimum Production

In this study, the optimum biodiesel conversion from crude castor oil to castor biodiesel (CB) through transesterification method was investigated. The base catalyzed transesterification under different reactant proportion such as the molar ratio of alcohol to oil and mass ratio of catalyst to oil was studied for optimum production of castor biodiesel. The optimum condition for base catalyzed transesterification of castor oil was determined to be 1:4.5 of oil to methanol ratio and 0.005:1 of potassium hydroxide to oil ratio. The fuel properties of the produced CB such as the calorific value, flash point and density were analyzed and compared to conventional diesel. Diesel engine performance and emission test on different CB blends proved that CB was suitable to be used as diesel blends. CB was also proved to have lower emission compared to conventional diesel.

scholarly journals Optimization of Waste Cooking Oil’s FFA as Biodiesel Feedstock

Teknomekanik ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-21
Author(s):  
Sri Rizki Putri Primandari ◽  
Andril Arafat ◽  
Harumi Veny
Keyword(s):  
Irradiation Time ◽  
Control Variable ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Feedstock ◽  
Temperature Irradiation ◽  
Acid Esterification ◽  
Central Composite

Waste cooking oil has high Free Fatty Acid (FFA). It affected on decreasing a biodiesel production. FFA reduction is one of important processes in biodiesel production from waste cooking oil. Thus, this study aimed to examine the optimum condition in FFA reduction. The process is assisted by using ultrasonic irradiation on acid esterification. Variables of the process are acid concentration, molar ratio of methanol and oil, and irradiation time. Meanwhile temperature irradiation on 45oC is a control variable. Process optimization is conducted by Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with Central Composite Design (CCD). The optimum conditions of response were 7.22:1 (methanol to oil molar ratio), 0.92% wt H2SO4, 26.04 minutes (irradiation time), and 45oC (irradiation temperature). Ultrasonic system reduced FFA significantly compared to conventional method.

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