A Piezoelectric Based Energy Harvester with Magnetic Interactions: Modelling and Simulation

2015 ◽  
Vol 1115 ◽  
pp. 549-554
Author(s):  
Dauda Sh. Ibrahima ◽  
Asan G.A. Muthalif ◽  
Tanveer Saleh
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Permanent Magnets ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Lumped Parameter Model ◽  
Magnetic Interactions ◽  
Vibration Energy ◽  
Mems Devices ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Tip Mass

In recent years, utilizing kinetic energy in mechanical vibrations has become an interesting area of research. This is due to ubiquitous sources of vibration energy, coupled with the ever increasing demands to power wireless sensing electronics and Microelectromechanical (MEMs) devices with low energy requirements. Thus, researchers have ventured into developing different system configurations with the aim of harvesting vibration energy to power these devices. Cantilever beam systems with piezoelectric layer have been used as vibration energy scavengers due to their abilities of converting kinetic energy in vibrating bodies into electrical energy, whereas permanent magnets have been used to improve their performance. The only unresolved challenge is to develop energy harvesters that can produce optimum energy at a wider bandwidth. In this study, a mathematical model of a system of cantilever beams with piezoelectric layers having a magnetic coupled tip mass is proposed. The lumped parameter model of the harvester is developed to estimate the power output of the proposed harvester, and to visualise the effect of magnetic coupled tip mass in widening the frequency bandwidth of the energy harvester. Preliminary Simulation results using MATLAB have however shown the effectiveness of the proposed system.

scholarly journals Topology Selection and Parametric Design of Electromagnetic Vibration Energy Harvesters by Combining FEA-in-the-Loop and Analytical Approaches

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seong-yeol Yoo ◽  
Young-Woo Park ◽  
Myounggyu Noh
Keyword(s):  
Output Power ◽  
Permanent Magnets ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Maximum Output Power ◽  
Electromagnetic Energy ◽  
Vibration Energy ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Analytical Approaches

Electromagnetic energy harvesters have been used to capture low-frequency vibration energy of large machines such as diesel generators. The structure of an electromagnetic energy harvester is either planar or tubular. Past research efforts focus on optimally designing each structure separately. An objective comparison between the two structures is necessary in order to decide which structure is advantageous. When comparing the structures, the design variations such as magnetization patterns and the use of yokes must also be considered. In this study, extensive comparisons are made covering all possible topologies of an electromagnetic energy harvester. A bench mark harvester is defined and the parameters that produce maximum output power are identified for each topology. It is found that the tubular harvesters generally produce larger output power than the planar counterparts. The largest output power is generated by the tubular harvester with a Halbach magnetization pattern (94.7 mW). The second best is the tubular harvester with axial magnetization pattern (79.1 mW) when moving yokes are inserted between permanent magnets for flux concentration. When cost is of primary concern, the tubular harvester with axial pattern may become a best option.

scholarly journals Analysis of a Symmetrical Ferrofluid Sloshing Vibration Energy Harvester

Fluids ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 295
Author(s):  
Nadish Anand ◽  
Richard Gould
Keyword(s):  
Permanent Magnets ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Impedance Matching ◽  
Vibration Energy ◽  
Length Scale ◽  
System Configuration ◽  
Vibration Energy Harvester ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Significant Length ◽  
Moving Magnet

Ferrofluid sloshing vibration energy harvesters use ferrofluid sloshing movement as a moving magnet between a fixed coil to induce current and, in turn, harvest energy from external excitations. A symmetric ferrofluid sloshing vibration energy harvester configuration is introduced in this study which utilizes four external, symmetrically placed, permanent magnets to magnetize a ferrofluid inside a tank. An external sinusoidal excitation of amplitude 1 m/s2 is imparted, and the whole system is studied numerically using a level-set method to track the sharp interface between ferrofluid and air. The system is studied for two significant length scales of 0.1 m and 0.05 m while varying the four external magnets’ polarity arrangements. All of the system configuration dimensions are parametrized with the length scale to keep the system configuration invariant with the length scale. Finally, a frequency sweep is performed, encompassing the structure’s first modal frequency and impedance matching to obtain the system’s energy harvesting characteristics.

scholarly journals Design Procedure and Experimental Verification of a Broadband Quad-Stable 2-DOF Vibration Energy Harvester

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (13) ◽  
pp. 2893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zayed ◽  
Assal ◽  
Nakano ◽  
Kaizuka ◽  
El-Bab
Keyword(s):  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Permanent Magnets ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Design Procedure ◽  
Vibration Energy ◽  
Vibration Energy Harvester ◽  
Limited Bandwidth ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Self Powered ◽  
Selection Of

Vibration-based energy harvesters brought the idea of self-powered sensors to reality in the past few years. Many strategies to improve the performance of linear vibration energy harvesters that collect energy over a limited bandwidth have been proposed. In this paper, a bi-stable two degrees of freedom (2-DOF) cut-out vibration energy harvester employing a pair of permanent magnets is designed through a proposed design methodology. Based on this methodology, the nonlinear harvesters can be optimally designed such that the bandwidth can be widened for a targeted output voltage. The proper selection of the harvester parameters as well as the gap distances between the tip and the fixed magnets are the bases of this methodology. The mathematical modeling of the proposed harvester and the formula for the potential energy between the tip and the fixed magnets are presented. Additionally, to enhance the performance of the bi-stable energy harvester (BEH), a quad-stable energy harvester (QEH) was configured by adding more fixed magnets. Experiments were performed to validate the numerical simulations and the results showed that, the simulation and experimental results are consistent. The results indicate that, the QEH covers a wider bandwidth than the BEH and based on a figure of merit the QEH shows the best performance among many harvesters presented in the literature.

scholarly journals Verified nonlinear model of piezoelectric energy harvester

2018 ◽  
Vol 211 ◽  
pp. 05005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ondrej Rubes ◽  
Martin Brablc ◽  
Zdenek Hadas
Keyword(s):  
Linear Model ◽  
Nonlinear Model ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Parameters Estimation ◽  
Vibration Energy ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Harmonic Vibrations ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Complex Monitoring ◽  
Tip Mass

Energy harvesting is an important topic today. Complex monitoring systems with many nodes need energy sources and vibration energy harvesters (VEHs) could be one type of them. Mathematical model of the VEH is necessary instrument to estimate possible harvested power. This paper deals with piezoelectric VEH in setting as cantilever beam with tip mass. Traditional linear model of this type of VEH is simple, however, it represents the VEH only in one operating point and in another one (another amplitude of excitation vibrations) it could return wrong results. The nonlinear model of VEH is introduced in this paper with its parameters estimation. The nonlinear model is compared with linear model and experiment to demonstrate difference between them in amplitude frequency characteristics. Finally, the average harvested power from harmonic vibrations is measured experimentally and compared with prediction from linear and nonlinear model.

An Experimental Study of Low-Frequency Vibration-Based Electromagnetic Energy Harvesters Used while Walking

2014 ◽  
Vol 918 ◽  
pp. 106-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Chie Chiu ◽  
Ying Chun Chang ◽  
Long Jyi Yeh ◽  
Chiu Hung Chung ◽  
Chen Hsin Chu
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Electromagnetic Energy ◽  
Electromagnetic System ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Low Frequency Vibration

The goal of this paper is to develop and experimentally test portable vibration-based electromagnetic energy harvesters which are fit for extracting low frequency kinetic energy. Based on a previous study on fixed vibration-based electromagnetic energy harvesters, three kinds of portable energy harvesters (prototype I, prototype II, and prototype III) are developed and tested. To obtain the related parameters of the energy harvesters, an experimental platform used to measure the vibrational systems electrical power at the resonant frequency and other fixed frequencies is also established. Based on the research work of vibration theory, a low frequency vibration-arm mechanism (prototype III) which is easily in resonance with a walking tempo is developed. Here, a strong magnet fixed to one side of the vibration-arm along with a set of wires placed along the vibrating path will generate electricity. The circular device has a radius of 180 mm, a width of 50 mm, and weighs 200 grams. Because of its light mass, it is easy to carry and put into a backpack. Experimental results reveal that the energy harvester (prototype III) can easily transform kinetic energy into electrical power via the vibration-based electromagnetic system when walking at a normal speed. Consequently, electrical energy reaching 0.25 W is generated from the energy harvester (prototype III) by extracting kinetic energy produced by walking.

scholarly journals MAGNETICALLY INDUCED PIEZOELECTRIC ENERGY HARVESTER VIA HYBRID KINETIC MOTION

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 245-257
Author(s):  
Huda Azam ◽  
Noor Hazrin Hany Mohamad Hanif ◽  
Aliza Aini Md Ralib
Keyword(s):  
Permanent Magnets ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Electronic Waste ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Ambient Vibration ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Piezoelectric Beam ◽  
Eccentric Rotor ◽  
Wear And Tear

ABSTRACT: Piezoelectric energy harvesting is a possible breakthrough to reduce the global issue of electronic waste as they can efficiently convert the ambient vibration to the electrical energy without any additional power. This work presents the design and development of a piezoelectric energy harvester that is capable of transforming vibration from ambient sources into electricity. It focuses on a magnetically plucked piezoelectric beam as an alternative to the mechanically induced harvesters, as the latter are subjected to wear and tear. A prototype comprising of a 40 mm PZT-5H piezoelectric beam with a permanent magnet mounted at one end of the beam, as well as a series of permanent magnets of same types attached on an eccentric rotor was developed along with a National Instruments® data acquisition device. Mean output voltages of 2.98 V, 1.76 V and 0.34 V were recorded when the eccentric rotors were slowly rotated at 8.4 rad/s with increasing distances of 5 mm, 7.5 mm and 10 mm respectively, between the magnets on the rotor and the beam. These results have proven that voltage could also be generated by magnetically plucking the piezoelectric beam, and by reducing the distance between magnets, the amount of voltage generated will be higher. The outcome of this work signifies the possibility for implementation of energy harvesters that are capable of powering electronic devices from hybrid kinetic motion, with a reduced risk of equipment fatigue. ABSTRAK: Penjanaan tenaga melalui piezoelektrik adalah satu penemuan terbesar dalam mengurangkan isu global pengurusan sisa elektronik. Ini kerana ia berupaya mengubah getaran persekitaran kepada tenaga elektrik tanpa sebarang tambahan tenaga. Kajian ini berkenaan reka bentuk dan pembangunan penjana tenaga piezoelektrik yang mampu mengubah getaran persekitaran kepada elektrik. Fokus kajian adalah pada penjanaan tenaga secara magnetik dari bilah piezoelektrik sebagai alternatif kepada penjanaan mekanikal, kerana penjanaan tenaga secara mekanikal berisiko tinggi kepada kerosakan alat dalam jangkamasa panjang. Prototaip piezoelektrik PZT-5H yang berukuran 40 mm ini telah dilengkapi magnet kekal pada hujung bilah, serta satu siri magnet kekal jenis sama turut dipasang pada pemutar eksentrik bersama peranti pengambilan data National Instruments®. Secara purata, sebanyak 2.98 V, 1.76 V dan 0.34 V voltan output telah direkodkan ketika pemutar eksentrik berputar perlahan pada 8.4 rad/s dengan jarak tambahan antara magnet pemutar dan bilah piezoelektrik bersamaan 5 mm, 7.5 mm dan 10 mm, masing-masing. Keputusan menunjukkan tenaga dapat dihasilkan dengan cara pemacuan piezoelektrik secara magnetik, dan tenaga yang terhasil akan bertambah dengan pengurangan jarak antara magnet. Hasil kerja menunjukkan tenaga dapat dihasilkan daripada gerakan kinetik hibrid, dengan risiko rendah pada kerosakan alat.

Piezoelectric Energy Harvester Array With Magnetic Tip Mass

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Guo ◽  
X. F. Zhang ◽  
H. Y. Li ◽  
H. Li
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Phase Difference ◽  
Permanent Magnets ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Cantilever Beams ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Present Design ◽  
Excitation Frequencies ◽  
Tip Mass

Energy harvesting using piezoelectric materials is an alternative method for low power electronics, such as MEMS, wireless sensor network, portable devices, and nano structures, from extracting the ambient energy. Most piezoelectric energy harvesters are based on cantilever beams with laminated piezoelectric patches. To generate higher dynamic response of piezoelectric energy harvesters, tip mass is attached at the free end of the cantilever beams. Piezoelectric energy harvester array is another way to improve the power, i.e., installing a set of cantilever piezoelectric energy harvesters in close distance. In this research, a new design of piezoelectric energy harvester is proposed. The present design consists of an array of cantilever beams with permanent magnets at the free ends. The permanent magnets are introduced to transfer the excitation force to every cantilever beams. An experimental model is manufactured and experimental energy harvesting is carried out. Piezoelectric patches are laminated on clamped end of cantilever beams, and the permanent magnets are fixed at the free ends. All the magnets have opposite poles with each other to generate repelling force. Then these piezoelectric electric energy harvesters were connected to an AC/DC circuit and the power was measured. Also, the power of proposed piezoelectric energy harvester was compared with the piezoelectric harvesters without permanent magnets. The results show that, present design can generate higher power at the same excitation. Under the base excitation at the first natural frequency, the array of the cantilever beam show similar motion pattern, i.e., there is no phase difference between each other. At higher frequencies, the beams have a phase difference of π. Thus the crash between the cantilever beams can be effectively avoided. At lower excitation frequencies, the presented piezoelectric energy harvester vibration likes the first mode of a simple multi-degree-of-freedom system; and at higher excitation frequencies, the vibration of the presented piezoelectric vibrates like a second mode of a MDOF system.

An enhanced performance of a horizontal diamagnetic levitation mechanism–based vibration energy harvester for low frequency applications

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 578-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Vikram Palagummi ◽  
Fuh-Gwo Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Figure Of Merit ◽  
Permanent Magnets ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
Vibration Energy ◽  
Vibration Energy Harvesting ◽  
Vibration Energy Harvester ◽  
Diamagnetic Levitation

This article identifies and studies key parameters that characterize a horizontal diamagnetic levitation mechanism–based low frequency vibration energy harvester with the aim of enhancing performance metrics such as efficiency and volume figure of merit. The horizontal diamagnetic levitation mechanism comprises three permanent magnets and two diamagnetic plates. Two of the magnets, lifting magnets, are placed co-axially at a distance such that each attracts a centrally located magnet, floating magnet, to balance its weight. This floating magnet is flanked closely by two diamagnetic plates which stabilize the levitation in the axial direction. The influence of the geometry of the floating magnet, the lifting magnet, and the diamagnetic plate is parametrically studied to quantify their effects on the size, stability of the levitation mechanism, and the resonant frequency of the floating magnet. For vibration energy harvesting using the horizontal diamagnetic levitation mechanism, a coil geometry and eddy current damping are critically discussed. Based on the analysis, an efficient experimental system is setup which showed a softening frequency response with an average system efficiency of 25.8% and a volume figure of merit of 0.23% when excited at a root mean square acceleration of 0.0546 m/s2 and at a frequency of 1.9 Hz.

scholarly journals Dynamic Modeling and Structural Optimization of a Bistable Electromagnetic Vibration Energy Harvester

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 2410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bei Zhang ◽  
Qichang Zhang ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Jianxin Han ◽  
Xiaoli Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Vibration Energy ◽  
Vibration Energy Harvester ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Electromagnetic Vibration ◽  
Magnetic Spring ◽  
Element Simulation ◽  
Nonlinear Galerkin Method ◽  
Simulation And Experiment ◽  
The Mathematical Model

A novel bistable electromagnetic vibration energy harvester (BEMH) is constructed and optimized in this study, based on a nonlinear system consisting mainly of a flexible membrane and a magnetic spring. A large-amplitude transverse vibration equation of the system is established with the general nonlinear geometry and magnetic force. Firstly, the mathematical model, considering the higher-order nonlinearities given by nonlinear Galerkin method, is applied to a membrane with a co-axial magnet mass and magnetic spring. Secondly, the steady vibration response of the membrane subjected to a harmonic base motion is obtained, and then the output power considering electromagnetic effect is analytically derived. On this basis, a parametric study in a broad frequency domain has been achieved for the BEMH with different radius ratios and membrane thicknesses. It is demonstrated that model predictions are both in close agreement with results from the finite element simulation and experiment data. Finally, the proposed efficient solution method is used to obtain an optimizing strategy for the design of multi-stable energy harvesters with the similar flexible structure.

On Mathematical Modeling of Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters

2014 ◽  
Vol 953-954 ◽  
pp. 655-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guang Qing Shang ◽  
Hong Bing Wang ◽  
Chun Hua Sun
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Vibration Energy ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting ◽  
Vibration Energy Harvester ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Energy Harvesting System ◽  
Piezoelectric Vibration

Energy harvesting system has become one of important areas of ​​research and develops rapidly. How to improve the performance of the piezoelectric vibration energy harvester is a key issue in engineering applications. There are many literature on piezoelectric energy harvesting. The paper places focus on summarizing these literature of mathematical modeling of piezoelectric energy harvesting, ranging from the linear to nonlinear, from early a single mechanical degree to piezoaeroelastic problems.

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