scholarly journals MAGNETICALLY INDUCED PIEZOELECTRIC ENERGY HARVESTER VIA HYBRID KINETIC MOTION

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 245-257
Author(s):  
Huda Azam ◽  
Noor Hazrin Hany Mohamad Hanif ◽  
Aliza Aini Md Ralib
Keyword(s):  
Permanent Magnets ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Electronic Waste ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Ambient Vibration ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Piezoelectric Beam ◽  
Eccentric Rotor ◽  
Wear And Tear

ABSTRACT: Piezoelectric energy harvesting is a possible breakthrough to reduce the global issue of electronic waste as they can efficiently convert the ambient vibration to the electrical energy without any additional power. This work presents the design and development of a piezoelectric energy harvester that is capable of transforming vibration from ambient sources into electricity. It focuses on a magnetically plucked piezoelectric beam as an alternative to the mechanically induced harvesters, as the latter are subjected to wear and tear. A prototype comprising of a 40 mm PZT-5H piezoelectric beam with a permanent magnet mounted at one end of the beam, as well as a series of permanent magnets of same types attached on an eccentric rotor was developed along with a National Instruments® data acquisition device. Mean output voltages of 2.98 V, 1.76 V and 0.34 V were recorded when the eccentric rotors were slowly rotated at 8.4 rad/s with increasing distances of 5 mm, 7.5 mm and 10 mm respectively, between the magnets on the rotor and the beam. These results have proven that voltage could also be generated by magnetically plucking the piezoelectric beam, and by reducing the distance between magnets, the amount of voltage generated will be higher. The outcome of this work signifies the possibility for implementation of energy harvesters that are capable of powering electronic devices from hybrid kinetic motion, with a reduced risk of equipment fatigue. ABSTRAK: Penjanaan tenaga melalui piezoelektrik adalah satu penemuan terbesar dalam mengurangkan isu global pengurusan sisa elektronik. Ini kerana ia berupaya mengubah getaran persekitaran kepada tenaga elektrik tanpa sebarang tambahan tenaga. Kajian ini berkenaan reka bentuk dan pembangunan penjana tenaga piezoelektrik yang mampu mengubah getaran persekitaran kepada elektrik. Fokus kajian adalah pada penjanaan tenaga secara magnetik dari bilah piezoelektrik sebagai alternatif kepada penjanaan mekanikal, kerana penjanaan tenaga secara mekanikal berisiko tinggi kepada kerosakan alat dalam jangkamasa panjang. Prototaip piezoelektrik PZT-5H yang berukuran 40 mm ini telah dilengkapi magnet kekal pada hujung bilah, serta satu siri magnet kekal jenis sama turut dipasang pada pemutar eksentrik bersama peranti pengambilan data National Instruments®. Secara purata, sebanyak 2.98 V, 1.76 V dan 0.34 V voltan output telah direkodkan ketika pemutar eksentrik berputar perlahan pada 8.4 rad/s dengan jarak tambahan antara magnet pemutar dan bilah piezoelektrik bersamaan 5 mm, 7.5 mm dan 10 mm, masing-masing. Keputusan menunjukkan tenaga dapat dihasilkan dengan cara pemacuan piezoelektrik secara magnetik, dan tenaga yang terhasil akan bertambah dengan pengurangan jarak antara magnet. Hasil kerja menunjukkan tenaga dapat dihasilkan daripada gerakan kinetik hibrid, dengan risiko rendah pada kerosakan alat.

scholarly journals Load Resistance Optimization of a Broadband Bistable Piezoelectric Energy Harvester for Primary Harmonic and Subharmonic Behaviors

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sungryong Bae ◽  
Pilkee Kim
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Load Resistance ◽  
Oscillation Period ◽  
Ambient Vibration ◽  
Ambient Vibrations ◽  
Frequency Dependency ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Optimal Load ◽  
Bistable Energy Harvester

In this study, optimization of the external load resistance of a piezoelectric bistable energy harvester was performed for primary harmonic (period-1T) and subharmonic (period-3T) interwell motions. The analytical expression of the optimal load resistance was derived, based on the spectral analyses of the interwell motions, and evaluated. The analytical results are in excellent agreement with the numerical ones. A parametric study shows that the optimal load resistance depended on the forcing frequency, but not the intensity of the ambient vibration. Additionally, it was found that the optimal resistance for the period-3T interwell motion tended to be approximately three times larger than that for the period-1T interwell motion, which means that the optimal resistance was directly affected by the oscillation frequency (or oscillation period) of the motion rather than the forcing frequency. For broadband energy harvesting applications, the subharmonic interwell motion is also useful, in addition to the primary harmonic interwell motion. In designing such piezoelectric bistable energy harvesters, the frequency dependency of the optimal load resistance should be considered properly depending on ambient vibrations.

Heartbeat Energy Harvesting Using the Fan-Folded Piezoelectric Beam Geometry

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. Ansari ◽  
M. Amin Karami
Keyword(s):  
Natural Frequency ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Mode Shapes ◽  
Vibration Energy ◽  
Vibration Energy Harvester ◽  
Mechanical Coupling ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Piezoelectric Beam

A three dimensional piezoelectric vibration energy harvester is designed to generate electricity from heartbeat vibrations. The device consists of several bimorph piezoelectric beams stacked on top of each other. These horizontal bimorph beams are connected to each other by rigid vertical beams making a fan-folded geometry. One end of the design is clamped and the other end is free. One major problem in micro-scale piezoelectric energy harvesters is their high natural frequency. The same challenge is faced in development of a compact vibration energy harvester for the low frequency heartbeat vibrations. One way to decrease the natural frequency is to increase the length of the bimorph beam. This approach is not usually practical due to size limitations. By utilizing the fan-folded geometry, the natural frequency is decreased while the size constraints are observed. The required size limit of the energy harvester is 1 cm by 1 cm by 1 cm. In this paper, the natural frequencies and mode shapes of fan-folded energy harvesters are analytically derived. The electro-mechanical coupling has been included in the model for the piezoelectric beam. The design criteria for the device are discussed.

A Novel Multi-Directional Nonlinear Piezoelectric Energy Harvester Coupled With Nonlinear Conditioning Circuits

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhengbao Yang ◽  
Jean Zu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Piezoelectric Materials ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Elastic Rods ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
High Power Output ◽  
Transduction Mechanisms ◽  
Self Powered ◽  
Aluminum Plates

Energy harvesting from vibrations has become, in recent years, a recurring target of a quantity of research to achieve self-powered operation of low-power electronic devices. However, most of energy harvesters developed to date, regardless of different transduction mechanisms and various structures, are designed to capture vibration energy from single predetermined direction. To overcome the problem of the unidirectional sensitivity, we proposed a novel multi-directional nonlinear energy harvester using piezoelectric materials. The harvester consists of a flexural center (one PZT plate sandwiched by two bow-shaped aluminum plates) and a pair of elastic rods. Base vibration is amplified and transferred to the flexural center by the elastic rods and then converted to electrical energy via the piezoelectric effect. A prototype was fabricated and experimentally compared with traditional cantilevered piezoelectric energy harvester. Following that, a nonlinear conditioning circuit (self-powered SSHI) was analyzed and adopted to improve the performance. Experimental results shows that the proposed energy harvester has the capability of generating power constantly when the excitation direction is changed in 360. It also exhibits a wide frequency bandwidth and a high power output which is further improved by the nonlinear circuit.

Energy Harvesting Characteristics of Conical Shells

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Li ◽  
S. D. Hu ◽  
H. S. Tzou
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Conical Shell ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Ambient Vibration ◽  
Circular Membrane ◽  
Shell Surface ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy

Piezoelectric energy harvesting has experienced significant growth over the past few years. Various harvesting structures have been proposed to convert ambient vibration energies to electrical energy. However, these harvester’s base structures are mostly beams and some plates. Shells have great potential to harvest more energy. This study aims to evaluate a piezoelectric coupled conical shell based energy harvester system. Piezoelectric patches are laminated on the conical shell surface to convert vibration energy to electric energy. An open-circuit output voltage of the conical energy harvester is derived based on the thin-shell theory and the Donnel-Mushtari-Valsov theory. The open-circuit voltage and its derived energy consists of four components respectively resulting from the meridional and circular membrane strains, as well as the meridional and circular bending strains. Reducing the surface of the harvester to infinite small gives the spatial energy distribution on the shell surface. Then, the distributed modal energy harvesting characteristics of the proposed PVDF/conical shell harvester are evaluated in case studies. The results show that, for each mode with unit modal amplitude, the distribution depends on the mode shape, harvester location, and geometric parameters. The regions with high strain outputs yield higher modal energies. Accordingly, optimal locations for the PVDF harvester can be defined. Also, when modal amplitudes are specified, the overall energy of the conical shell harvester can be calculated.

scholarly journals Development and Validation of an Enhanced Coupled-Field Model for PZT Cantilever Bimorph Energy Harvester

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Long Zhang ◽  
Keith A. Williams ◽  
Zhengchao Xie
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Field Model ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Conservation Of Energy ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Comparison Results ◽  
Coupled Field

The power source with the limited life span has motivated the development of the energy harvesters that can scavenge the ambient environment energy and convert it into the electrical energy. With the coupled field characteristics of structure to electricity, piezoelectric energy harvesters are under consideration as a means of converting the mechanical energy to the electrical energy, with the goal of realizing completely self-powered sensor systems. In this paper, two previous models in the literatures for predicting the open-circuit and close-circuit voltages of a piezoelectric cantilever bimorph (PCB) energy harvester are first described, that is, the mechanical equivalent spring mass-damper model and the electrical equivalent circuit model. Then, the development of an enhanced coupled field model for the PCB energy harvester based on another previous model in the literature using a conservation of energy method is presented. Further, the laboratory experiments are carried out to evaluate the enhanced coupled field model and the other two previous models in the literatures. The comparison results show that the enhanced coupled field model can better predict the open-circuit and close-circuit voltages of the PCB energy harvester with a proof mass bonded at the free end of the structure in order to increase the energy-harvesting level of the system.

scholarly journals Ocean energy harvester based on piezoelectric VIV using different oscillators

2019 ◽  
Vol 136 ◽  
pp. 02017
Author(s):  
Min Liu ◽  
Hui Xia ◽  
Guoqiang Liu ◽  
Dong Xia
Keyword(s):  
Output Voltage ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Fluid Velocity ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Coupling Model ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Ocean Energy ◽  
Velocity Change ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Piezoelectric Beam

A finite element fluid-solid coupling model for ocean energy harvester based on piezoelectric vortex-induced vibration(VIV) is established. Given that the Karman Vortex Street is generated after the fluid passes through the vibrator. The model includes the conversion of water flow energy to VIV energy and the capture of electrical energy by piezoelectric devices. And the output voltage curve is obtained by coupling with piezoelectric beam. Based on the fluid-solid coupling calculation, the dynamic response characteristics of the oscillator under different parameters such as shape of oscillators and fluid velocity are studied. The voltage output of piezoelectric beam in cylindrical, semi-cylindrical and regular triangular oscillators is analyzed. Simulation results show that the output voltage and pressure difference are largest in regular triangular oscillator system compared with the cylindrical and semi-cylindrical system. When changing fluid velocity, it is found that the higher the velocity of the water fluid be, the higher the output voltage be. When the given fluid velocity reaches 1 m/s, the maximum output voltage of cylindrical, semi-cylindrical and regular triangular piezoelectric energy harvesters reaches 0.045V, 0.08V, and 0.085V respectively. Under the same fluid velocity, change the ratio of height and width of oscillator, and find that the higher ratio of height and width of oscillator is more suitable to harvest the energy of VIV.

scholarly journals Design and Experimental Study of an L Shape Piezoelectric Energy Harvester

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
In-Ho Kim ◽  
Seon-Jun Jang ◽  
Hyung-Jo Jung
Keyword(s):  
Output Voltage ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Mechanical Strain ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Cantilevered Beam ◽  
Beam Type ◽  
Low Efficiency

Piezoelectric energy harvesters of cantilevered beam type are studied in various fields due to simplicity. In general, these systems obtain electrical energy from mechanical strain by bending of cantilevered beam. However, conventional systems have disadvantages that they have low efficiency in frequency regions other than resonance frequency. To overcome the limitations, various energy harvesters to apply performance enhancement strategies are proposed and investigated. In this paper, a frequency-changeable L shape energy harvester which is form connected cantilever beam and rigid arm is proposed and investigated. The conventional piezoelectric energy harvester exhibits the principal frequency in the simple bending mode whereas the proposed system features the twisting mode resulting in a higher output voltage than the conventional system. The proposed energy harvester is simplified to a two-degree-of-freedom model and its dynamics are described. How the length of a rigid bar affects its natural frequencies is also studied. To evaluate the performance of the system, experiments by using a vertical shaker and numerical simulation are carried out. As a result, it is shown that the natural frequency for a twisting mode decreases as the arm length increased, and the higher output voltage is generated comparing with those of the conventional energy harvester.

A Piezoelectric Based Energy Harvester with Magnetic Interactions: Modelling and Simulation

2015 ◽  
Vol 1115 ◽  
pp. 549-554
Author(s):  
Dauda Sh. Ibrahima ◽  
Asan G.A. Muthalif ◽  
Tanveer Saleh
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Permanent Magnets ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Lumped Parameter Model ◽  
Magnetic Interactions ◽  
Vibration Energy ◽  
Mems Devices ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Tip Mass

In recent years, utilizing kinetic energy in mechanical vibrations has become an interesting area of research. This is due to ubiquitous sources of vibration energy, coupled with the ever increasing demands to power wireless sensing electronics and Microelectromechanical (MEMs) devices with low energy requirements. Thus, researchers have ventured into developing different system configurations with the aim of harvesting vibration energy to power these devices. Cantilever beam systems with piezoelectric layer have been used as vibration energy scavengers due to their abilities of converting kinetic energy in vibrating bodies into electrical energy, whereas permanent magnets have been used to improve their performance. The only unresolved challenge is to develop energy harvesters that can produce optimum energy at a wider bandwidth. In this study, a mathematical model of a system of cantilever beams with piezoelectric layers having a magnetic coupled tip mass is proposed. The lumped parameter model of the harvester is developed to estimate the power output of the proposed harvester, and to visualise the effect of magnetic coupled tip mass in widening the frequency bandwidth of the energy harvester. Preliminary Simulation results using MATLAB have however shown the effectiveness of the proposed system.

scholarly journals MAXIMIZING OUTPUT VOLTAGE OF A PIEZOELECTRIC ENERGY HARVESTER VIA BEAM DEFLECTION METHOD FOR LOW-FREQUENCY INPUTS

2022 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 434-446
Author(s):  
Mohamad Safiddin Mohd Tahir ◽  
Noor Hazrin Hany Mohamad Hanif ◽  
Azni Nabela Wahid
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Human Motion ◽  
Ambient Vibration ◽  
Beam Deflection ◽  
Input Frequency ◽  
Dc Voltage ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Piezoelectric Beam ◽  
Arduino Uno

 In micro-scale energy harvesting, piezoelectric (PZT) energy harvesters can adequately convert kinetic energy from ambient vibration to electrical energy. However, due to the random motion and frequency of human motion, the piezoelectric beam cannot efficiently harvest energy from ambient sources. This research highlights the ability of piezoelectric energy harvester constructed using a PZT-5H cantilever beam to generate voltage at any input frequency from human motion. An eccentric mass is used to convert the linear motion of human movement to angular motion. Then, using a magnetic plucking technique, the piezoelectric beam is deflected to its maximum possible deflection each time the eccentric mass oscillates past the beam, ensuring the highest stress is induced and hence the highest current is generated. For testing works, the frequency of oscillation of the eccentric mass is controlled using an Arduino Uno microcontroller. In this work, it is found that when given any input frequencies, the energy harvester produced a consistent AC voltage peak around 5.8 Vac. On the other hand, the DC voltage produced varies with respect to the input frequency due to the number of times the peak AC signal is generated. The highest DC voltage produced in this work is 3.7 Vdc, at 5 Hz, which is within the frequency range of human motion. This research demonstrated that energy can still be effectively harvested at any given low-frequency input, in the condition that the piezoelectric beam is being deflected at its maximum. ABSTRAK: Piezoelektrik dapat mengubah tenaga kinetik daripada getaran persekitaran kepada tenaga elektrik melalui penjanaan tenaga berskala mikro. Namun, PZT tidak dapat menjana tenaga dengan berkesan dari sumber persekitaran kerana pergerakan dan kekerapan pergerakan manusia adalah rawak. Kajian ini adalah mengenai keupayaan penuai tenaga piezoelektrik menggunakan bilah kantilever PZT-5H bagi menjana voltan pada sebarang frekuensi menerusi gerakan manusia. Jisim eksentrik digunakan bagi menukar gerakan linear manusia kepada gerakan putaran. Kemudian, teknik penjanaan piezoelektrik secara magnetik digunakan bagi memesongkan bilah piezoelektrik ke tahap maksimum. Bagi memastikan tenaga tertinggi dihasilkan, jisim eksentrik perlu berayun melepasi bilah PZT. Ayunan frekuensi jisim eksentrik ini dikawal melalui kawalan mikro Arduino Uno. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bagi setiap frekuensi input, PZT ini dapat menghasilkan voltan AC yang konsisten, iaitu sekitar 5.8 Vac. Namun, voltan DC maksimum yang terhasil adalah berbeza-beza bagi setiap frekuensi input, iaitu berdasarkan bilangan kekerapan maksimum isyarat AC yang terhasil. Voltan DC tertinggi ialah 3.7 Vdc, pada 5 Hz, iaitu pada kadar frekuensi gerakan manusia. Ini menunjukkan bahawa tenaga masih dapat dihasilkan secara berkesan pada frekuensi rendah, dengan syarat bilah piezoelektrik terpesong pada tahap maksimum.

High-output piezoelectric energy harvester using tapered beam with cavity

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 800-815 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Srinivasulu Raju ◽  
M Umapathy ◽  
G Uma
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Model ◽  
Cantilever Beam ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Beam Theory ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Tapered Beam ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Piezoelectric Structure

Energy harvesting using cantilever-based piezoelectric structure is most popular for harvesting electrical energy from ambient vibrations. Efforts are also made to maximize the harvester power by means of tailoring the structural parameters of the cantilever beam. This article proposes a method to maximize the harvester voltage from the cantilever-based piezoelectric energy harvester by means of tailoring the structure of the cantilever, to have a tapering in width, thickness and in both width and thickness (double taper). It is also proposed to introduce rectangular and trapezoidal cavities in the tapered energy harvesters to further maximize the harvester voltage. The analytical model of the proposed harvesters is developed using Euler–Bernoulli beam theory, and its free vibration solution is analysed using Bessel functions. The energy harvesters are fabricated and experimentally evaluated for its performance. It is concluded from the results of analytical model and experimentation that width, thickness and double-tapered beam increases the harvester voltage by 35.6%, 84.8% and 126.6%, respectively, as compared to the energy harvester designed with uniform cantilever beam. Among all the energy harvesters proposed in this article, the maximum voltage is generated from the double-tapered beam with trapezoidal cavity. The experimental results are in close agreement with the results obtained from the analytical model.

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