A Novel La2O3-ZnO/ZrO2 Solid Superbase and its Catalytic Performance for Transesterification of Soybean Oil to Biodiesel

2010 ◽  
Vol 132 ◽  
pp. 228-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu Li ◽  
Guan Zhong Lu ◽  
Yang Long Guo ◽  
Yun Guo ◽  
Yan Qin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Zro2 Catalyst ◽  
Solid Superbase ◽  
Basic Strength

A novel solid superbase catalyst of La2O3-ZnO/ZrO2 was prepared, and its H– value (Hammett function) of surface basic strength reaches 26.5. The catalytic activity of La2O3-ZnO/ZrO2 was evaluated for the transesterification of soybean oil (SBO) with methanol to biodiesel in a fixed bed reactor under atmospheric pressure. The results show that the chemical composition of the La2O3-ZnO/ZrO2 catalyst influences both its H– value and catalytic performance, the appropriate content of ZrO2 is 60 wt.% and the La2O3/ZnO molar ratio is 4~5/1. La2O3-ZnO/ZrO2 is an effective catalyst for the transesterification of SBO, and the SBO conversion reaches 71.3% at 70°C for 12h.

CO2 valorization into synthetic natural gas (SNG) using a Co–Ni bimetallic Y2O3 based catalysts

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Radwa A. El-Salamony ◽  
Sara A. El-Sharaky ◽  
Seham A. Al-Temtamy ◽  
Ahmed M. Al-Sabagh ◽  
Hamada M. Killa
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Mechanism ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
Synthetic Natural Gas ◽  
Methanation Reaction ◽  
Co2 Valorization

Abstract Recently, because of the increasing demand for natural gas and the reduction of greenhouse gases, interests have focused on producing synthetic natural gas (SNG), which is suggested as an important future energy carrier. Hydrogenation of CO2, the so-called methanation reaction, is a suitable technique for the fixation of CO2. Nickel supported on yttrium oxide and promoted with cobalt were prepared by the wet-impregnation method respectively and characterized using SBET, XRD, FTIR, XPS, TPR, and HRTEM/EDX. CO2 hydrogenation over the Ni/Y2O3 catalyst was examined and compared with Co–Ni/Y2O3 catalysts, Co% = 10 and 15 wt/wt. The catalytic test was conducted with the use of a fixed-bed reactor under atmospheric pressure. The catalytic performance temperature was 350 °C with a supply of H2:CO2 molar ratio of 4 and a total flow rate of 200 mL/min. The CH4 yield was reached 67%, and CO2 conversion extended 48.5% with CO traces over 10Co–Ni/Y2O3 catalyst. This encourages the direct methanation reaction mechanism. However, the reaction mechanism over Ni/Y2O3 catalyst shows different behaviors rather than that over bi-metal catalysts, whereas the steam reforming of methane reaction was arisen associated with methane consumption besides increase in H2 and CO formation; at the same temperature reaction.

scholarly journals Performance Analysis of TiO2-Modified Co/MgAl2O4 Catalyst for Dry Reforming of Methane in a Fixed Bed Reactor for Syngas (H2, CO) Production

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3347
Author(s):  
Arslan Mazhar ◽  
Asif Hussain Khoja ◽  
Abul Kalam Azad ◽  
Faisal Mushtaq ◽  
Salman Raza Naqvi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Dry Reforming ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Dry Reforming Of Methane ◽  
Catalyst Stability ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
Impregnation Method

Co/TiO2–MgAl2O4 was investigated in a fixed bed reactor for the dry reforming of methane (DRM) process. Co/TiO2–MgAl2O4 was prepared by modified co-precipitation, followed by the hydrothermal method. The active metal Co was loaded via the wetness impregnation method. The prepared catalyst was characterized by XRD, SEM, TGA, and FTIR. The performance of Co/TiO2–MgAl2O4 for the DRM process was investigated in a reactor with a temperature of 750 °C, a feed ratio (CO2/CH4) of 1, a catalyst loading of 0.5 g, and a feed flow rate of 20 mL min−1. The effect of support interaction with metal and the composite were studied for catalytic activity, the composite showing significantly improved results. Moreover, among the tested Co loadings, 5 wt% Co over the TiO2–MgAl2O4 composite shows the best catalytic performance. The 5%Co/TiO2–MgAl2O4 improved the CH4 and CO2 conversion by up to 70% and 80%, respectively, while the selectivity of H2 and CO improved to 43% and 46.5%, respectively. The achieved H2/CO ratio of 0.9 was due to the excess amount of CO produced because of the higher conversion rate of CO2 and the surface carbon reaction with oxygen species. Furthermore, in a time on stream (TOS) test, the catalyst exhibited 75 h of stability with significant catalytic activity. Catalyst potential lies in catalyst stability and performance results, thus encouraging the further investigation and use of the catalyst for the long-run DRM process.

Effect of Ni/Co Ratio on Bimetallic Oxide Supported Silica Catalyst in CO2 Methanation

2015 ◽  
Vol 802 ◽  
pp. 431-436
Author(s):  
Siti Aminah Md Ali ◽  
Ku Halim Ku Hamid ◽  
Kamariah Noor Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Wet Impregnation ◽  
Co Precipitation

Five series of silica supported bimetallic oxide (NiCo/SiO2) catalysts have been synthesized through successive reverse co-precipitation and wet impregnation methods at different metal loadings (i.e. 80Ni20Co/SiO2,, 60Ni40Co/SiO2,50Ni50Co/SiO2,40Ni60Co/SiO2,20Ni80Co/SiO2). The catalytic performance of these catalysts were tested for the CO2methanation catalysis using microactivity fixed bed reactor. Nickel rich catalyst (80Ni20Co/SiO2) exhibited the highest catalytic activity in the CO2methanation with 47.1% of CO2conversion. Meanwhile, the CH4selectivity and yield was found to be at 99.9% and 27%, respectively.

Hydrogen Production from Ethanol Steam Reforming over Ni-Cu/ZnO Catalyst

2011 ◽  
Vol 236-238 ◽  
pp. 1067-1072
Author(s):  
Li Ping Liu ◽  
Xiao Jian Ma ◽  
Peng Zhang ◽  
Ya Nan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Steam Reforming ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Ethanol Steam Reforming ◽  
Hydrogen Yield ◽  
Ethanol Steam

Hydrogen production by ethanol steam reforming over Ni-Cu/ZnO catalyst in the temperatures range of 250-550°C was studied on a fixed bed reactor. The effects of reaction temperature and water/ethanol molar ratio on hydrogen production were investigated. The structure and surface characteristics of the catalyst were measured by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential thermal analyzer (TG-DSC). The results show that the Ni-Cu/ZnO catalyst has good catalytic performance with higher hydrogen yield of 4.87molH2/molEtOH reacted. A comparison of hydrogen production from ethanol steam reforming over Ni-Cu/ZnO catalyst with over a commercial catalyst was made in this paper.

scholarly journals Catalytic Performance of Phosphorus Incorporated HZSM-5 in Coupling Transformation of Methanol with 1-butene to Propylene

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 33-44
Author(s):  
Haifeng Tian ◽  
Yongyong Nan ◽  
Jinlong Lv ◽  
Fei Zha ◽  
Xiaohua Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
N2 Adsorption ◽  
Facile Hydrothermal Method ◽  
Phosphorus Species ◽  
Coupling Transformation ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

Directly incorporated phosphorus species into the framework of HZSM-5 zeolite (H[P, Al]-ZSM-5) was successfully synthesized by the facile hydrothermal method. It was characterized by employing XRD, ICP-OES, SEM, FT-IR, N2 adsorption-desorption, NH3-TPD, XPS and TG-DTA, respectively. The effects of the phosphorus species content, temperature, WHSV, and the molar ratio of methanol/1-butene in coupling transformation of methanol with 1-butene to propylene catalyzed by H[P, Al]-ZSM-5 in a fixed bed reactor were studied systematically. Tests have suggested the acid content and specific surface area of H[P, Al]-ZSM-5 are reduced. Under the condition of reaction temperature at 550�Z, molar ratio of methanol/1-butene to 1.0, reaction pressure at 0.1 MPa and WHSV= 3.53 h-1, the P-modified HZSM-5 zeolite (with the P2O5 molar composition of 0.4 )the selectivity and yield of propylene are 35.6% and 32.5%, respectively.

scholarly journals Ni–Cu High-Loaded Sol–Gel Catalysts for Dehydrogenation of Liquid Organic Hydrides: Insights into Structural Features and Relationship with Catalytic Activity

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2017
Author(s):  
Yuliya Gulyaeva ◽  
Maria Alekseeva (Bykova) ◽  
Olga Bulavchenko ◽  
Anna Kremneva ◽  
Andrey Saraev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Atomic Ratio ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
High Catalytic Activity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Structure Reactivity Relationship

The heightened interest in liquid organic hydrogen carriers encourages the development of catalysts suitable for multicycle use. To ensure high catalytic activity and selectivity, the structure–reactivity relationship must be extensively investigated. In this study, high-loaded Ni–Cu catalysts were considered for the dehydrogenation of methylcyclohexane. The highest conversion of 85% and toluene selectivity of 70% were achieved at 325 °C in a fixed-bed reactor using a catalyst with a Cu/Ni atomic ratio of 0.23. To shed light on the relationship between the structural features and catalytic performance, the catalysts were thoroughly studied using a wide range of advanced physicochemical tools. The activity and selectivity of the proposed catalysts are related to the uniformity of Cu distribution and its interaction with Ni via the formation of metallic solid solutions. The method of introduction of copper in the catalyst plays a crucial role in the effectiveness of the interaction between the two metals.

NO Reduction by CH4 over NiCo/MOR Catalysts in the Presence of Oxygen

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 77-80
Author(s):  
Hong Wang ◽  
Cui Qing Li ◽  
Fu Chen Ding ◽  
Yong Ji Song ◽  
Xue Bing Lu
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
No Reduction ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Cobalt Species

The Ni(x)Co(10)/MOR (x = 0.01, 0.15, 0.30) catalysts were prepared by the impregnating method. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, NH3-TPD and NO-TPD. The catalytic activity was evaluated with fixed-bed reactor. The results shown that cobalt species was present in the surface of MOR zeolite in the form of Co3O4, and the catalytic activity, acidity and adsorption of NO were affected by Ni/Co molar ratio. The Ni(0.01)Co(10)/MOR catalyst had better activity, the conversion of NO was 56.9% at 340 °C.

Catalytic Reforming of Model Tar Compounds from Hot Coke Oven Gas for Light Fuel Gases Production over Bimetallic Catalysts

2010 ◽  
Vol 152-153 ◽  
pp. 860-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Wei Cheng ◽  
Xiong Gang Lu ◽  
Da Hai Hu ◽  
Wei Zhong Ding
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Bimetallic Catalysts ◽  
Coke Oven ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Coke Oven Gas ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Catalytic Reforming ◽  
Gas Molecules

The catalytic reforming of toluene was performed to investigate the possibility for directly converting tar components from hot coke oven gas (COG) with lower steam/carbon (S/C) molar ratio to light fuel gases. The Ni0.25Me0.25/Mg2.5(Al)O (Me=Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn) bimetallic catalysts derived from hydrotalcite showed excellent catalytic activity. The effects of various reaction conditions on the catalytic performance were investigated in detail. Toluene could be completely converted into small gas molecules of CH4, CO and CO2 over the catalyst at S/C=0.7 and 650-750 oC under atmospheric pressure. Lower reaction temperature and higher H2 content in feed gas both could promote the formation of CH4, while higher S/C molar ratio benefited the CO yield.

Effect of CeO2 Promoter on Catalytic Performance of CuO-ZnO-ZrO2/HZSM-5 Catalyst for Carbon Dioxide Hydrogenation into Dimethyl Ether

2012 ◽  
Vol 535-537 ◽  
pp. 2139-2142
Author(s):  
Ming Yu Zhang ◽  
Hua Wang ◽  
Wen Gui Gao
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Dimethyl Ether ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Bifunctional Catalysts ◽  
Dme Synthesis ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Hydrogenation

A series of CuO-ZnO-CeO2-ZrO2/HZSM-5 catalysts were prepared and characterized by XRD, H2-TPR. CO2hydrogenation to DME was carried out in a fixed bed reactor to test the catalytic performance of Ce-modified CuO-ZnO-ZrO2/HZSM-5 catalyst under the condition of GHSV=1800 h-1, p=3.0 MPa and T=250°C. The results indicate that the added CeO2improved the performance of the bifunctional catalysts, the CO2conversion and DME selectivity were obviously improved. CuO-ZnO-CeO2-ZrO2/HZSM-5 catalyst with Ce to Zr molar ratio of 1/1 showed the highest activity for DME synthesis from CO2hydrogenation.

scholarly journals Ni-based catalysts for steam reforming of tar model derived from biomass gasification

2019 ◽  
Vol 90 ◽  
pp. 01015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ru Shien Tan ◽  
Afizah Alir ◽  
Saiful Azam Mohamad ◽  
Khairuddin Md Isa ◽  
Tuan Amran Tuan Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Steam Reforming ◽  
Coke Formation ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Biomass Gasification ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Variable Pressure ◽  
Major Barrier ◽  
Filamentous Carbon

Tar formation during biomass gasification is a major barrier to utilise the produced syngas, which clogs processing equipment. In the present study, steam reforming of gasification-derived tar (phenol, toluene, naphthalene, and pyrene) was catalysed by Ni/dolomite, Ni/dolomite/Al2O3, Ni/dolomite/La2O3, Ni/dolomite/CeO2, and Ni/dolomite/ZrO2 for hydrogen production. The steam reforming experiment was conducted in a fixed bed reactor at 700 °C and the steam-to-carbon molar ratio of 1 under atmospheric pressure. After the catalytic test, the spent catalysts were characterised by thermogravimetric analysis and variable-pressure scanning electron microscope. The aim of this study is to investigate the catalytic activity of Ni-based catalysts in terms of tar conversion and their deactivation characteristic. The current results revealed that all the catalysts showed almost full conversion of tar (98.8%-99.9%) and considerably low amount of coke deposited in the form of amorphous and filamentous carbon (15.9-178.5 mg gcat-1). Among the catalysts studied, Ni/dolomite/La2O3 gave the highest catalytic activity for steam reforming of gasified biomass tar and lowest coke formation.

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