Specific Energy Requirement for Compacting Corn Cobs

2010 ◽  
Vol 148-149 ◽  
pp. 245-252
Author(s):  
Zhi Qiang Jin ◽  
Shun Xi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Hydraulic Press ◽  
Corn Cob ◽  
Corn Cobs ◽  
Specific Energy Requirement ◽  
Ground Corn

Corn cobs are potential feedstock for producing heat, power, fuels, and chemicals. Densification of corn cobs into briquettes/pellets would improve their bulk handling, transportation, and storage properties. The objective of this study was to investigate the densification characteristics and specific energy requirements for the compression of corn cobs under four pressure levels (10, 12, 14, 16MPa) and with two particle size levels (2.41mm, 0.86mm). The compression behavior of ground corn cobs was studied using a hydraulic press briquetteing machine whose cylindrical die diameter was about 30 mm. The corn cobs moisture content and preheat temperature before compaction was 10% (w.b.) and 75 °C, respectively. The cylindrical die temperature was maintained at 90 ± 5 °C. It was found that the briquette density ranged from 809 to 1043 kg m-3; while the total specific energy requirement to compress and extrude briquette ranged from 17 to 26 MJ t-1, with an increase in pressure. Particle size had also a significant effect on briquette density and specific energy requirement. The finer corn cob grinds (0.86mm) resulted in higher density and lower specific energy requirement than the coarser corn cob grinds (2.41mm). New statistical models were developed to describe the total specific energy consumption of ground corn cobs during densification using a multiple linear regression analysis.

Energetic relationships for crushing of soil clods

2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-72
Author(s):  
István Patay ◽  
Virág Sándor
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Clay Soils ◽  
Rigid Support ◽  
Soil Plasticity ◽  
Specific Energy Requirement ◽  
The Relationship

Clod crushing is a principal problem with soils of high clay content. Therefore, there is a need for determining the conditions for clod breaking and clod crushing. The objective of the work was to develop a special purpose tool for single clod breaking both by rigid support of the clod and by a single clod supported by soil and to develop a machine for clod crushing. Furthermore, the purpose was to determine the relationship between the specific energy requirement for clod crushing in the function of soil plasticity and the soil moisture content by the means of the developed tool and machine. The main result of the experiments is summarized in a 3D diagram where the specific energy requirement for soil clod crushing is given in the function of the moisture content and the plasticity index for different clay soils.

Determination of grinding parameters of fenugreek seed

1970 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Balasubramanian ◽  
Rajkumar Rajkumar ◽  
K K Singh
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Feed Rate ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Fenugreek Seeds ◽  
Fenugreek Seed

Experiment to identify ambient grinding conditions and energy consumed was conducted for fenugreek. Fenugreek seeds at three moisture content (5.1%, 11.5% and 17.3%, d.b.) were ground using a micro pulverizer hammer mill with different grinding screen openings (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mm) and feed rate (8, 16 and 24 kg h-1) at 3000 rpm. Physical properties of fenugreek seeds were also determined. Specific energy consumptions were found to decrease from 204.67 to 23.09 kJ kg-1 for increasing levels of feed rate and grinder screen openings. On the other hand specific energy consumption increased with increasing moisture content. The highest specific energy consumption was recorded for 17.3% moisture content and 8 kg h-1 feed rate with 0.5 mm screen opening. Average particle size decreased from 1.06 to 0.39 mm with increase of moisture content and grinder screen opening. It has been observed that the average particle size was minimum at 0.5 mm screen opening and 8 kg h-1 feed rate at lower moisture content. Bond’s work index and Kick’s constant were found to increase from 8.97 to 950.92 kWh kg-1 and 0.932 to 78.851 kWh kg-1 with the increase of moisture content, feed rate and grinder screen opening, respectively. Size reduction ratio and grinding effectiveness of fenugreek seed were found to decrease from 4.11 to 1.61 and 0.0118 to 0.0018 with the increase of moisture content, feed rate and grinder screen opening, respectively. The loose and compact bulk densities varied from 219.2 to 719.4 kg m-3 and 137.3 to 736.2 kg m-3, respectively.  

scholarly journals Influence of grinding method and grinding intensity of corn on mill energy consumption and pellet quality

2016 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Djuro Vukmirovic ◽  
Jovanka Levic ◽  
Aleksandar Fistes ◽  
Radmilo Colovic ◽  
Tea Brlek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Hammer Mill ◽  
Pellet Quality ◽  
Roller Mill ◽  
Grinding Method

In recent years there is an emerging trend of coarse grinding of cereals in production of poultry feed due to positive influence of coarse particles on poultry digestive system. Influence of grinding method (hammer mill vs. roller mill) and grinding intensity of corn (coarseness of grinding) on mill specific energy consumption and pellet quality was investigated. By decreasing grinding intensity of corn (coarser grinding), specific energy consumption of both hammer mill and roller mill was significantly decreased (p < 0.05). When comparing similar grinding intensities on hammer mill and roller mill (similar geometric mean diameter or similar particle size distribution), specific energy consumption was higher for the hammer mill. Pellet quality decreased with coarser grinding on hammer mill but, however, this effect was not observed for the roller mill. Generally, pellet quality was better when roller mill was used. It can be concluded that significant energy savings could be achieved by coarser grinding of corn before pelleting and by using roller mill instead of hammer mill. From the aspect of pellet quality, if coarser grinding is applied it is better to use roller mill, concerning that more uniform particle size distribution of corn ground on roller mill probably results in more uniform particle size distribution in pellets and this provides better pellet quality.

ULL AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS OF NEW ELECTRIC LOCOMOTIVES

2017 ◽  
pp. 70-80
Author(s):  
Alexander Baklanov ◽  
Nikolay Yesin ◽  
Andrey Shilyakov
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Alternating Current ◽  
Efficiency Improvement ◽  
Passenger Cars

Objective: To study the specificities and parameters of the new, including innovative, freight and passenger electric locomotives, produced for domestic railways in the framework of the program of creating the new locomotives in 2004–2010. To analyze pull and energy efficiency parameters of direct current and alternating current electric locomotives. To estimate the maximum weight of trains and specific energy consumption of electric locomotives. To detect the advantages of new electric locomotives in comparison with those produced earlier. To develop guidelines on efficiency improvement of the new electric locomotives. Methods: Comparative analysis, methods of grade computations, linear regression analysis, power balance method. Results: The main design features and parameters of the new and earlier produced electric locomotives were studied, the former include the power of tractive motors, traction effort, as well as the speed at continuous rating of traction. The parameters of the new and earlier produced electric locomotives were compared. Key performance indicators of electric locomotives were analyzed, such as the maximum mass of a train and specific energy consumption on traction. The comparison of the above-mentioned indicators with performance indicators of earlier produced electric locomotives was given. According to calculation data and statistical data analysis the advantages of new electric locomotives were determined over those produced earlier. High performance of regenerative breaking was shown, specifically new electric locomotives. It was detected that in winter regeneration of electric energy was significantly reduced, in case of regenerative braking of passenger electric locomotives series EP1 with alternating current, as most of energy generated by tractive motors was spent on electric heating circuits of passenger cars. Guidelines on efficiency improvement of new electric locomotives were developed. Practical importance: The conditions in which new electric locomotives would implement the available advantages were determined, compared to those produced earlier. The elaborated offers make it possible to improve pull and energy efficiency of the new electric locomotives in operation.

scholarly journals Development of a Hammer Mill with Double Sieving Screens

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 617-621
Author(s):  
Oluyemisi Adebanjo Ojomo ◽  
A. J. Fawohunre
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Hammer Mill ◽  
Performance Indices ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Specific Energy Requirement ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Machine Speed ◽  
The Relationship

A hammer mill with double sieving device was designed and fabricated from locally available materials for grinding grains and other agricultural products. The conceptual design was based on the principle of design by analysis. The test carried out on the machine showed that the crushing capacity of the machine is 51.5 Kh/hr. The moisture content, machine speed and the interaction between them had significant effect on the milling power and specific energy requirement at 5 % level of significance. Milling power and specific energy requirement of the machine increased with increase in moisture content. The maximum crushing efficiency of 79.3 %, minimum milling power and specific energy requirement of 0.09 Kw and 3.04 Kwh/mg respectively were obtained at moisture content of 8 % (wb) and machine speed of 2000 rpm. Regression models that could be used to express the relationship existing between the hammer mill performance indices, product moisture content and machine speed were established. The machine has dual purpose for either electric motor or petrol engine.

Energy consumption, thermal utilization efficiency and hypericin content in drying leaves of St John’s Wort (Hypericum Perforatum)

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 27-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeid Minaei ◽  
Hossein Ahmadi Chenarbon ◽  
Ali Motevali ◽  
Akbar Arab Hosseini
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Sample Thickness ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
St John’S Wort ◽  
St John's Wort ◽  
Specific Energy Requirement ◽  
Air Dryer

Massive consumption of energy in the drying industry has prompted extensive research regarding various aspects of drying energy and requirements. Thermal utilization efficiency, specific energy requirement, total energy consumption and hypericin content in drying of St John’s Wort were determined using a hot-air dryer. Experiments were conducted at four air temperature levels (40, 50, 60, and 70°C), three air velocities (0.3, 0.7, and 1 m/s) and three sample thicknesses (1, 2 and 3 cm). Based on the results of data analysis, minimum and maximum levels of energy consumption were 0.56 and 3.24 kWh, respectively. The required specific energy decreased with increasing sample thickness. The minimum and maximum required specific energies were 4.41 and 17.53 for 2 cm thick and 4.28 and 13.67 for 3 cm thick layers (kWh/kg), respectively. The maximum and minimum values of thermal utilization efficiency in different treatments were found to be 14% and 72%, respectively. Hypericin content decreased with increasing temperature and increased with air velocity and product sample thickness, so that the minimum and maximum hypericin amounts were 67 and 355 ppm, respectively.

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