Determination of grinding parameters of fenugreek seed

1970 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Balasubramanian ◽  
Rajkumar Rajkumar ◽  
K K Singh

Experiment to identify ambient grinding conditions and energy consumed was conducted for fenugreek. Fenugreek seeds at three moisture content (5.1%, 11.5% and 17.3%, d.b.) were ground using a micro pulverizer hammer mill with different grinding screen openings (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mm) and feed rate (8, 16 and 24 kg h-1) at 3000 rpm. Physical properties of fenugreek seeds were also determined. Specific energy consumptions were found to decrease from 204.67 to 23.09 kJ kg-1 for increasing levels of feed rate and grinder screen openings. On the other hand specific energy consumption increased with increasing moisture content. The highest specific energy consumption was recorded for 17.3% moisture content and 8 kg h-1 feed rate with 0.5 mm screen opening. Average particle size decreased from 1.06 to 0.39 mm with increase of moisture content and grinder screen opening. It has been observed that the average particle size was minimum at 0.5 mm screen opening and 8 kg h-1 feed rate at lower moisture content. Bond’s work index and Kick’s constant were found to increase from 8.97 to 950.92 kWh kg-1 and 0.932 to 78.851 kWh kg-1 with the increase of moisture content, feed rate and grinder screen opening, respectively. Size reduction ratio and grinding effectiveness of fenugreek seed were found to decrease from 4.11 to 1.61 and 0.0118 to 0.0018 with the increase of moisture content, feed rate and grinder screen opening, respectively. The loose and compact bulk densities varied from 219.2 to 719.4 kg m-3 and 137.3 to 736.2 kg m-3, respectively.  

2021 ◽  
pp. 51-64
Author(s):  
Balasubramanian S ◽  
Raj kumar ◽  
Ram Awatar ◽  
KK Singh

Coriander (Coriandrum sativum) at three moisture content (5.7, 11.4 and 17.2 %, db) were ground using a micro pulverizer hammer mill with different grinder screen openings (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mm) and feed rate (8, 16 and 24 kg/h) at 3000 rpm. Specific energy consumption were found decreased from 204.67 to 23.09 kJ/kg for increased levels of feed rate and grinder screen openings. The highest specific energy consumption was recorded for 17.2 % moisture content and 8 kg/h feed rate with 0.5 mm screen opening. Average particle size decreased from 0.99 to 0.47 mm with increase of moisture content and decrease in grinder screen opening. It has been observed that the average particle size was minimum at 0.5 mm screen opening and 8 kg/h feed rate. Bond's work index and Kick's constant were increased from 0.61 to 3.07 kWh/kg, 0.073 to 0.324 kWh/kg with the increase of moisture content, feed rate and grinder screen opening, respectively. Size reduction ratio and grinding effectiveness of coriander seed were found decreased from 4.92 to 2.29 and 0.002 to 1.600 with the increase of moisture content, feed rate and grinder screen opening. The loose and compact bulk densities varied from 210 to 475 kg/m3 and 231 to 550 kg/m3, respectively for various mass fractions of sieve analysis. Bond's work index and Kick's constants were affected significantly by feed rate and moisture content for all screen openings except 0.5 mm.


Author(s):  
Д.В.  Бастриков ◽  
Ю.Н. Власов ◽  
Д.А. Ильюшенко ◽  
С.В. Кучер

Настоящая статья посвящена экспериментальному определению закономерности для оценки затрат энергии, требующейся для измельчения отходов окорки сосны в зависимости от степени измельчения и их относительной влажности. При проведении исследований использованы методы планирования эксперимента и обработки опытных данных, методы математического анализа. Рассмотрены три приближённых закона измельчения, представленных в технической литературе, структура которых легла в основу плана эксперимента второго порядка. В опытах использовали три группы относительной влажности экспериментального материала: отходы непосредственно после окорки на роторном станке (влажность около 70%), подсушенные на воздухе (влажность около 40%) и высушенные в сушильной камере (влажность около 10%). Предварительная сепарация материала проводилась на установке АЛГМ-3. Отбирали отходы таким образом, чтобы средняя крупность кусков до измельчения составляла приблизительно 70, 50 и 30 мм. Отобранные пробы измельчали в промышленном измельчителе Erdwich M600/1-400. Во время работы измельчителя фиксировались данные о потребляемой силе тока; работу, совершенную во время измельчения материала, рассчитывали по зафиксированным данным о потребляемой силе тока при известном напряжении в сети. После измельчения определялась средняя крупность обработанной пробы, далее рассчитывалась степень измельчения. По результатам обработки экспериментальных данных по измельчению отходов окорки установлено, что удельная энергоемкость измельчения отходов окорки сосны связана с относительной влажностью отходов окорки и степенью их измельчения зависимостью, повторяющей структуру закона измельчения Кирпичева-Кика. Показано, что относительная влажность измельчаемой коры, оптимальная по соотношению теплоты сгорания сухого вещества, содержащегося в продукте измельчения коры сосны («энергетическая стоимость»), и энергии, затраченной на ее измельчение («энергетическая себестоимость»), составляет 27%. Показано, что удельная энергоемкость измельчения отходов окорки сосны при оптимальной влажности пропорциональна натуральному логарифму степени измельчения. При оптимальной влажности для измельчения отходов окорки сосны в 5–15 раз потребуется затратить энергию, составляющую 7–14% теплоты сгорания. В заключение отмечена перспективность дальнейших экспериментальных исследований с целью детального анализа энергоемкости дробления отходов окорки других пород древесины. This article devoteы to experimental determination of patterns to assess the energy consumption required for pine debarking waste shredding, depending on the shredding ratio and the humidity. The research uses methods of experiment planning and processing of experimental data, methods of mathematical analysis. We consider three approximate shredding law patterns presented in technical literature, the structure of which forms the basis of the second order experimental design. The experiments tested three experimental groups of the material relative humidity: waste immediately after rotary machine debarking (relative humidity about 70%), dried in air (relative humidity about 40%) and dried in an oven (relative humidity about 10%). Pre-separation of the material was carried out on the ALGM-3-set in order to collect the waste into three groups by average particle size of the pieces before shredding (approximately 70, 50 and 30 mm). After the pre-separation, the samples were ground in an industrial shredder Erdwich M600/1-400. During the operation, the shredder’s chopper recorded data on the consumption of the current strength, the work done during the shredding was calculated from the recorded data on the consumption of amperage at a certain voltage in the network. After the shredding, the average particle size was determined by the treated samples, and then calculated the shredding ratio. According to the results of experimental data on debarking waste shredding processing, the paper establishes that the specific energy consumption of pine debarking waste shredding associates with the relative humidity of the waste and the shredding ratio in a mathematical model, which follows the structure of Kirpichev-Kik law. The experimental data processing shows that the caloric value of dry matter contained in the shredding product, and the energy expended in its shredding, link each other as a nonlinear function of the bark humidity with optimal humidity of 27%. The results also show that the specific energy consumption of pine debarking waste shredding of at the optimum humidity is proportional to the natural logarithm of the shredding ratio. At optimal humidity for shredding pine debarking waste in 5–15 times it is needed to expend energy, which is 7–14% of the waste calorific value. In conclusion, the paper prospects that further experimental studies should be focused on detailed analysis of energy consumption of other wood species waste debarking shredding.


2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youn Ju Lee ◽  
Jin Sil Yoo ◽  
Won Byong Yoon

Abstract The effects of moisture content on the grinding characteristics of black soybeans were studied. The average particle size of the black soybean powder was smaller as the moisture content was decreased by drying. Bond’s constants and the work index showed lower values as the moisture content decreased. A sigmoid model accurately described the grinding kinetics of the black soybean powder (R2 > 0.90). The parameters in the sigmoidal models were useful to explain the effect of moisture content during grinding. However, at higher moisture contents, the sigmoid model did not accurately fit the grinding kinetics. The grinding characteristics of black soybeans showed a strong dependence on moisture content. Adjusting the moisture contents of black soybeans using a pretreatment such as drying is very important to control the grinding characteristics, including the energy consumption and the average particle size, during grinding.


2012 ◽  
Vol 454 ◽  
pp. 261-267
Author(s):  
Peng Sun ◽  
Zhi Xin Shang ◽  
Guo Sheng Gai ◽  
Cheng Bao Wu ◽  
Yu Fen Yang

To investigate the pulverizing characteristic of wood biomass, the dried woody chip with moisture content of 0wt % were chose as the raw material, cutting mill was used to pulverize the wood biomass at different feed rates, the particle sizes (characteristic particle size and average particle size), uniformity coefficient, density, aspect ratio of wood powder and the specific energy consumption were measured, the morphology of the woody particle was observed by SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope), the pulverizing mechanism was also discussed. The results indicate that the specific energy consumption is in a range from 47 to 91 kWh/t; the characteristic particle size is about 600 μm, the average particle size is 750μm or so, and both characteristic particle size and average particle size increase with the growth of feed rate largely; the uniformity coefficient is range from 1.34 to 1.72; the bulk density is about 0.20 g/cm3, the tap density is about 0.30 g/cm3, both bulk density and tap density increase with the increase of the feed rate; the aspect ratio is in a range from 2.16 to 3.07.


Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Waleed H. Hassoon ◽  
Dariusz Dziki ◽  
Antoni Miś ◽  
Beata Biernacka

The objective of this study was to determine the grinding characteristics of wheat with a low moisture content. Two kinds of wheat—soft spelt wheat and hard Khorasan wheat—were dried at 45 °C to reduce the moisture content from 12% to 5% (wet basis). Air drying at 45 °C and storage in a climatic chamber (45 °C, 10% relative humidity) were the methods used for grain dehydration. The grinding process was carried out using a knife mill. After grinding, the particle size distribution, average particle size and grinding energy indices were determined. In addition, the dough mixing properties of wholemeal flour dough were studied using a farinograph. It was observed that decreasing the moisture content in wheat grains from 12% to 5% made the grinding process more effective. As a result, the average particle size of the ground material was decreased. This effect was found in both soft and hard wheat. Importantly, lowering the grain moisture led to about a twofold decrease in the required grinding energy. Moreover, the flour obtained from the dried grains showed higher water absorption and higher dough stability during mixing. However, the method of grain dehydration had little or no effect on the results of the grinding process or dough properties.


2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hosain Darvishi ◽  
Mohammad Zarein ◽  
Saied Minaei ◽  
Hamid Khafajeh

Abstract The energy and exergy analysis, drying characteristics and mathematical modeling of the thin-layer drying kinetics of white mulberry using microwave drying were investigated. Results indicated that values of exergy efficiency (33.63–57.08%) were higher than energy efficiency (31.85–55.56%). Specific energy consumption increased with increasing microwave power while improvement potential decreased. The specific energy consumption and improvement potential varied from 3.97 to 6.73 MJ/kg water and 0.71 to 2.97 MJ/kg water, respectively. Also, energy efficiency decreased with decrease in moisture content and microwave power level. The best exergy and energy aspect was obtained by drying at 100 W microwave power. Drying took place mainly in warming up, constant rate and falling rate periods. The Page model showed the best fit to experimental drying data. Effective diffusivity increased with decreasing moisture content and increasing microwave power. It varied from 1.06 × 10−8 to 3.45 × 10−8 m2/s, with an energy activation of 3.986 W/g.


BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 9429-9443
Author(s):  
Xiaoxue Du ◽  
Hanping Mao ◽  
Chunguang Wang

The rheological properties of the compression process of sweet sorghum straw were studied. The selected experimental factors comprised of the compression density, cutting length, compression speed, and moisture content, and specific energy consumption were selected as the evaluation index of the compression characteristics. The Box-Behnken test scheme was used to analyze the response surface test. The results showed that the selected compression model and specific energy consumption model of the sweet sorghum straw compression process were obtained. The primary factors contributing to energy consumption were the cutting length, moisture content, and compression density. The optimal parameters were as follows: a compression density of 500 kg/m3, a cutting length of 20 mm to 30 mm, a moisture content of 60.06%, and a specific energy consumption of 66 kJ/kg. The results provided methods for reducing the total energy consumption of the compression process and a theoretical basis for the compression and bundling of sweet sorghum.


2016 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Djuro Vukmirovic ◽  
Jovanka Levic ◽  
Aleksandar Fistes ◽  
Radmilo Colovic ◽  
Tea Brlek ◽  
...  

In recent years there is an emerging trend of coarse grinding of cereals in production of poultry feed due to positive influence of coarse particles on poultry digestive system. Influence of grinding method (hammer mill vs. roller mill) and grinding intensity of corn (coarseness of grinding) on mill specific energy consumption and pellet quality was investigated. By decreasing grinding intensity of corn (coarser grinding), specific energy consumption of both hammer mill and roller mill was significantly decreased (p < 0.05). When comparing similar grinding intensities on hammer mill and roller mill (similar geometric mean diameter or similar particle size distribution), specific energy consumption was higher for the hammer mill. Pellet quality decreased with coarser grinding on hammer mill but, however, this effect was not observed for the roller mill. Generally, pellet quality was better when roller mill was used. It can be concluded that significant energy savings could be achieved by coarser grinding of corn before pelleting and by using roller mill instead of hammer mill. From the aspect of pellet quality, if coarser grinding is applied it is better to use roller mill, concerning that more uniform particle size distribution of corn ground on roller mill probably results in more uniform particle size distribution in pellets and this provides better pellet quality.


Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1439
Author(s):  
Mateusz Przywara ◽  
Robert Dürr ◽  
Eric Otto ◽  
Achim Kienle ◽  
Dorota Antos

Fertilizers are commonly used to improve the soil quality in both conventional and organic agriculture. One such fertilizer is dolomite for which soil application in granulated form is advantageous. These granules are commonly produced from ground dolomite powder in continuous pan transfer granulators. During production, the granulator’s operation parameters affect the granules’ properties and thereby also the overall performance of the fertilizer. To ensure product granules of certain specifications and an efficient overall production, process control and intensification approaches based on mathematical models can be applied. However, the latter require high-quality quantitative experimental data describing the effects of process operation parameters on the granule properties. Therefore, in this article, such data is presented for a lab-scale experimental setup. Investigations were carried out into how variations in binder spray rate, binder composition, feed powder flow rate, pan inclination angle, and angular velocity affect particle size distribution, mechanical stability, and humidity. Furthermore, in contrast to existing work samples from both, pan granules and product granules are analyzed. The influence of operation parameter variations on the differences between both, also known as trajectory separation, is described quantitatively. The results obtained indicate an increase in the average particle size with increasing binder flow rate to feed rate and increasing binder concentration and the inclination angle of the pan. Compressive strength varied significantly depending on the operating parameters. Significant differences in properties were observed for the product and the intermediate (pan) samples. In fact, for some operation parameters, e.g., binder feed rate, the magnitude of the separation effect strongly depends on the specific value of the operation parameter. The presented concise data will enable future mathematical modeling of the pan granulation process, e.g., using the framework of population balance equations.


2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-170
Author(s):  
Irwansyah Irwansyah ◽  
Leopold Oscar Nelwan ◽  
Dyah Wulandani

Artificial drying method for arabica coffee beans requires a large consumption of electrical energy. Electricity is needed to rotate the blower which functions to circulate hot air to the dryer so that it can evaporate some of the water contained in the coffee beans. Most of the arabica coffee producing areas in Aceh province have not been reached by the electricity network so the use of artificial dryers cannot be used. To overcome this obstacle, the air flow circulation system with chimney effect can be used to drain dry air. The aim of this research is to design a chimney effect hybrid dryer which is heat source from solar and biomass energy, to test the performance of the dryer and compare it with the sun drying method. Parameters observed were temperature, moisture content and specific energy consumption of solar radiation and biomass. Dryer capacity is 5 kg of arabica coffee beans. The results showed that the chimney effect hybrid dryer can be used to dry 5 kg of coffee beans. The drying show that drying temperature on the dryer chamber ranged between 37.3-60.9°C. To reduce the moisture content of coffee beans from 52.5 to 12.8% bb, it was take 16-17 hours, while the sun drying method takes up to 46 hours (6 days). The total specific energy consumption of hybrid dryer was 57.1 MJ/kg of water vapor, while the specific energy consumption of the drying method was 59.4 MJ/kg of water vapor.


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