Effects to Forest Fire Occurrence of Climate Change in Ta He Forestry Bureau in Great Xing’an Mountain

Forest fire is one of the most important ecological factors in the forest ecosystem. The Great Xing’an Mountain region has not only the largest forest areas, but also the biggest forest fire burned area in China. By analyzing the recorded climate and forest fire data of Ta He forestry bureau from 1974 to 2004, the following results can be concluded: (1) There were 298 forest fires recorded by Ta He forestry bureau during 31 years and the burned area were 1.63 million hectares totally with 9.6 forest fires per year, unpredictable and short fire cycle as characters. (2) According to the occurrence time of forest fires, the Julian date concentrated between 102~181 and 240~293, corresponding April 12th to June 30th and August 28th to October 20th, which were spring and autumn fire prevention periods. Major fires mainly occurred in spring of 1974~1982, 1986~1987, 1993, and 1998~2002. The major fires cycle were 4 to 5 years. (3) The related indices of temperature, relative humidity, rainfall, and wind speed recorded in June in Ta He forestry bureau were 0.3929, 0.5274, 0.6136 and 0.1679. Temperature, relative humidity and rainfall factors in June had obvious linear relationships to forest fires, while the relationship between wind speed and forest fires is unobvious.

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Influences to Forest Fire Occurrence of Climate Change: A Study in Ta He Forestry Bureau in Great Xing’an Mountain

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.393-395.1263 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 393-395 ◽

pp. 1263-1267

Author(s):

Tao Zeng ◽

Hui Huang

Keyword(s):

Wind Speed ◽

Relative Humidity ◽

Forest Fire ◽

Forest Fires ◽

Ecological Factors ◽

Burned Area ◽

Fire Cycle ◽

Forest Region ◽

Julian Date ◽

Linear Relationships

Forest fire is one of the most important ecological factors in the forest ecosystem. The Daxinanling forest region has not only the largest forest areas, but also the biggest forest fire burned area in China. By analyzing the recorded climate and forest fire data of Ta He forestry bureau from 1974 to 2004, the following results can be concluded: (1) There were 298 forest fires recorded by Ta He forestry bureau during 31 years and the burned area were 1.63 million hectares totally with 9.6 forest fires per year, unpredictable and short fire cycle as characters. (2) According to the occurrence time of forest fires, the Julian date concentrated between 102~181 and 240~293, corresponding April 12th to June 30th and August 28th to October 20th, which were spring and autumn fire prevention periods. Major fires mainly occurred in spring of 1974~1982, 1986~1987, 1993, and 1998~2002. The major fires cycle were 4 to 5 years. (3) The related indices of temperature, relative humidity, rainfall, and wind speed recorded in June in Ta He forestry bureau were 0.3929, 0.5274, 0.6136 and 0.1679. Temperature, relative humidity and rainfall factors in June had obvious linear relationships to forest fires, while the relationship between wind speed and forest fires is unobvious.

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Effects of meteorology on forest fires in India: A modeling study

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-18317 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Anasuya Barik ◽

Somnath Baidya Roy

Keyword(s):

Relative Humidity ◽

Forest Fire ◽

Forest Fires ◽

Fire Hazard ◽

Fire Behavior ◽

Fire Danger ◽

Fire Season ◽

Strong Impact ◽

Fire Weather Index ◽

The Relationship

Meteorology has a strong impact on forest fires. Meteorological parameters such as temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and precipitation alter the fuel loading in forests, control the changes in spatial distribution, intensity and frequency of forest fires and changes in forest fire season. Hence, it is important to understand the relationship between forest fires and meteorological factors and build models that can simulate these relationships.The Canadian Forest Fire Danger Rating System (CFFDRS) has been used globally to assess and predict the fire behavior in various forest ecosystems. The Fire Weather Index (FWI) of CFFDRS models the relationship between meteorology and forest fires. In this study we calibrate the FWI over Indian forests using percentile analysis and logistic regression technique and test the performance using satellite-derived (MODIS daily fire data from 2003-2018) fire count and Fire Radiative Power (FRP). As the Indian forest landscape is highly heterogeneous, we calibrate the FWI over 4 FWI zones namely Himalayan, Deciduous, Western Ghats and Thorn forests based on IGBP forest classification and Koppen climatic zones.&#160; Five fire danger classes having thresholds of 99th, 95th, 90th, 80th and 70thof FWI percentiles have been defined with decreasing severity. Results show that the calibrated FWI is capable of simulating the forest fire behavior over India. Sensitivity studies show that temperature and relative humidity are the key controlling factors of forest fires over India.This study is one of the first attempts to use fire models to simulate fire behavior over India. It can serve as a launchpad for further work on fire hazard prediction and effects of climate change on fire hazard in India.&#160;

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Short-Term Effects of Fire Severity on Vegetation Based on Sentinel-2 Satellite Data

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13010432 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 432

Author(s):

Aru Han ◽

Song Qing ◽

Yongbin Bao ◽

Li Na ◽

Yuhai Bao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Forest Fire ◽

Forest Fires ◽

Vegetation Change ◽

Fire Severity ◽

Dynamic Change ◽

Burned Area ◽

Fire Event ◽

Vegetation Dynamic ◽

Area Index ◽

Sentinel 2

An important component in improving the quality of forests is to study the interference intensity of forest fires, in order to describe the intensity of the forest fire and the vegetation recovery, and to improve the monitoring ability of the dynamic change of the forest. Using a forest fire event in Bilahe, Inner Monglia in 2017 as a case study, this study extracted the burned area based on the BAIS2 index of Sentinel-2 data for 2016–2018. The leaf area index (LAI) and fractional vegetation cover (FVC), which are more suitable for monitoring vegetation dynamic changes of a burned area, were calculated by comparing the biophysical and spectral indices. The results showed that patterns of change of LAI and FVC of various land cover types were similar post-fire. The LAI and FVC of forest and grassland were high during the pre-fire and post-fire years. During the fire year, from the fire month (May) through the next 4 months (September), the order of areas of different fire severity in terms of values of LAI and FVC was: low > moderate > high severity. During the post fire year, LAI and FVC increased rapidly in areas of different fire severity, and the ranking of areas of different fire severity in terms of values LAI and FVC was consistent with the trend observed during the pre-fire year. The results of this study can improve the understanding of the mechanisms involved in post-fire vegetation change. By using quantitative inversion, the health trajectory of the ecosystem can be rapidly determined, and therefore this method can play an irreplaceable role in the realization of sustainable development in the study area. Therefore, it is of great scientific significance to quantitatively retrieve vegetation variables by remote sensing.

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Empirical Research on Climate Warming Risks for Forest Fires: A Case Study of Grade I Forest Fire Danger Zone, Sichuan Province, China

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13147773 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (14) ◽

pp. 7773

Author(s):

San Wang ◽

Hongli Li ◽

Shukui Niu

Keyword(s):

Wind Speed ◽

Forest Fire ◽

Climate Warming ◽

Forest Fires ◽

Meteorological Factors ◽

Sichuan Province ◽

Danger Zone ◽

Climatic Regions ◽

Area Burned ◽

Forest Fire Danger

The Sichuan province is a key area for forest and grassland fire prevention in China. Forest resources contribute significantly not only to the biological gene pool in the mid latitudes but also in reducing the concentration of greenhouse gases and slowing down global warming. To study and forecast forest fire change trends in a grade I forest fire danger zone in the Sichuan province under climate change, the dynamic impacts of meteorological factors on forest fires in different climatic regions were explored and a model between them was established by using an integral regression in this study. The results showed that the dominant factor behind the area burned was wind speed in three climatic regions, particularly in Ganzi and A’ba with plateau climates. In Ganzi and A’ba, precipitation was mainly responsible for controlling the number of forest fires while it was mainly affected by temperature in Panzhihua and Liangshan with semi-humid subtropical mountain climates. Moreover, the synergistic effect of temperature, precipitation and wind speed was responsible in basin mid-subtropical humid climates with Chengdu as the center and the influence of temperature was slightly higher. The differential forest fire response to meteorological factors was observed in different climatic regions but there was some regularity. The influence of monthly precipitation in the autumn on the area burned in each climatic region was more significant than in other seasons, which verified the hypothesis of a precipitation lag effect. Climate warming and the combined impact of warming effects may lead to more frequent and severe fires.

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Spatiotemporal Variation of the Burned Area and Its Relationship with Climatic Factors in Central Kazakhstan

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs13020313 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 313

Author(s):

Yongfang Xu ◽

Zhaohui Lin ◽

Chenglai Wu

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Relative Humidity ◽

Central Asia ◽

Climatic Factors ◽

Spatiotemporal Variation ◽

Lower Atmosphere ◽

Burned Area ◽

Circulation Index ◽

Precipitation Anomalies ◽

The Relationship

Central Asia is prone to wildfires, but the relationship between wildfires and climatic factors in this area is still not clear. In this study, the spatiotemporal variation in wildfire activities across Central Asia during 1997–2016 in terms of the burned area (BA) was investigated with Global Fire Emission Database version 4s (GFED4s). The relationship between BA and climatic factors in the region was also analyzed. The results reveal that more than 90% of the BA across Central Asia is located in Kazakhstan. The peak BA occurs from June to September, and remarkable interannual variation in wildfire activities occurs in western central Kazakhstan (WCKZ). At the interannual scale, the BA is negatively correlated with precipitation (correlation coefficient r = −0.66), soil moisture (r = −0.68), and relative humidity (r = −0.65), while it is positively correlated with the frequency of hot days (r = 0.37) during the burning season (from June to September). Composite analysis suggests that the years in which the BA is higher are generally associated with positive geopotential height anomalies at 500 hPa over the WCKZ region, which lead to the strengthening of the downdraft at 500 hPa and the weakening of westerlies at 850 hPa over the region. The weakened westerlies suppress the transport of water vapor from the Atlantic Ocean to the WCKZ region, resulting in decreased precipitation, soil moisture, and relative humidity in the lower atmosphere over the WCKZ region; these conditions promote an increase in BA throughout the region. Moreover, the westerly circulation index is positively correlated (r = 0.53) with precipitation anomalies and negatively correlated (r = −0.37) with BA anomalies in the WCKZ region during the burning season, which further underscores that wildfires associated with atmospheric circulation systems are becoming an increasingly important component of the relationship between climate and wildfire.

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Analysis PM10 and Visibility During Forest Fire in Palangka Raya

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/893/1/012002 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 893 (1) ◽

pp. 012002

Author(s):

A. Indrawati ◽

D. F. Andarini ◽

N. Cholianawati ◽

Sumaryati

Keyword(s):

Forest Fire ◽

Forest Fires ◽

Pm10 Concentration ◽

The Other ◽

Data Filtering ◽

Coefficient Corrélation ◽

High Bias ◽

R Value ◽

The Relationship ◽

Regression Pattern

Abstract Forest fires have an impact on air quality and visibility. Visibility can be associated with a highly visual indicator of air pollution. This research aims to analyze the relationship between the PM10 concentration and visibility during the forest firest events and normal conditions in Palangkaraya from 2000 to 2014 by using a regression method. The relative humidity data was used to filter the PM10 and visibility. Furthermore, the equation resulted from the regression analysis was used to predict PM10 concentration in Palangka Raya. The result showed that the regression pattern tends to form a logarithmic function. Specifically, without filtering data, the coefficient correlation (r-value) during the forest fire events and normal conditions are 0.69 and 0.5, respectively. Meanwhile, a data filtering method gives a higher relationship between PM10 and visibility, with the r-value of 0.7 for the forest fire events and 0.68 for the normal condition. On the other hand, the prediction of PM10 concentration indicates a high bias value due to the other influenced factors that have not been included in this study.

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Dante’s kindling box

University of Western Ontario Medical Journal ◽

10.5206/uwomj.v86i1.2147 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 86 (1) ◽

pp. 22-23

Author(s):

Josiah Marquis ◽

Meriem Benlamri ◽

Elizabeth Dent ◽

Tharmitha Suyeshkumar

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Forest Fire ◽

Biomass Burning ◽

Psychological Health ◽

Forest Fires ◽

Air Pollutants ◽

Local Environment ◽

Hazardous Air Pollutants ◽

Area Burned ◽

The Relationship

Almost half of the Canadian landscape is made up of forests, but the amount of forest surface area burned every year has been growing steadily since 1960.1 This can be problematic due to the effects that forest fires have not only on the local environment but also on the globe as a whole. A forest fire or vegetation fire is defined as any open fire of vegetation such as savannah, forest, agriculture, or peat that is initiated by humans or nature.2 Vegetation fires contribute heavily to air pollution and climate change and are in turn exacerbated by them as well. Air pollution increases due to emissions from these fires, which contain 90-95% carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide as well as methane and other volatile compounds.2 Emissions from forest fires also contribute to global greenhouse gases and aerosol particles (biomass burning organic aerosols),2 leading to indirect and direct consequences to human health. In contrast to biomass burning for household heating and cooking, catastrophic events of forest fires and sweeping grassland fires result in unique exposures and health consequences. In this case report, the relationship between environmental hazardous air pollutants and the potential physiological and psychological health effects associated with the forest fire that affected Fort McMurray, AB in May 2016 are considered.

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Mathematical Modeling of Heat Transfer in an Element of Combustible Plant Material When Exposed to Radiation from a Forest Fire

Safety ◽

10.3390/safety5030056 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 56 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Nikolay Baranovskiy ◽

Alena Demikhova

Keyword(s):

Heat Transfer ◽

Forest Fire ◽

Forest Fires ◽

Plant Material ◽

Mathematical Physics ◽

Burned Area ◽

Herbaceous Plant ◽

One Dimensional ◽

Impact Prediction ◽

The Impact

The last few decades have been characterized by an increase in the frequency and burned area of forest fires in many countries of the world. Needles, foliage, branches, and herbaceous plants are involved in burning during forest fires. Most forest fires are surface ones. The purpose of this study was to develop a mathematical model of heat transfer in an element of combustible plant material, namely, in the stem of a herbaceous plant, when exposed to radiation from a surface forest fire. Mathematically, the process of heat transfer in an element of combustible plant material was described by a system of non-stationary partial differential equations with corresponding initial and boundary conditions. The finite difference method was used to solve this system of equations in combination with a locally one-dimensional method for solving multidimensional tasks of mathematical physics. Temperature distributions were obtained as a result of modeling in a structurally inhomogeneous stem of a herbaceous plant for various scenarios of the impact of a forest fire. The results can be used to develop new systems for forest fire forecasting and their environmental impact prediction.

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The spatio-temporal characteristics of forest fires in China: observations from hybrid remote sensing data

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-2281 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Lei Fang ◽

Zeyu Qiao ◽

Jian Yang

Keyword(s):

Forest Fire ◽

Forest Fires ◽

High Frequency ◽

Fire Management ◽

Hot Spot ◽

Landsat Imagery ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Burned Area ◽

Prevention Policy ◽

The Past

Forest fire is a natural disaster threatening global human well-beings as well as a crucial disturbance agent driving forest landscape changes. The remotely sensed burned area (BA) products can provide spatially and temporally continuous monitoring of global fires, but the accuracies remain to be improved. We firstly developed a hybrid burned area mapping approach, which integrated the advantages of a 250 m global BA product (CCI_Fire) and a 30 m global forest change (GFC) product, to generate an improved 250 m BA product (so-called CCI_GFC product). Based on 248 fire patches derived from Landsat imagery, the results showed that the CCI_GFC product improved the CCI_Fire product substantially, which are significantly better than MCD64A1 product. According to the CCI_GFC, we found the total BA in the past 17 years was about 12.1 million ha in China, which approximately covered 6.1% of the total forested areas with a significantly decreased trend through Mann-Kendall test (Tau= -0.47, P<0.05) . We conducted a grid analysis (0.05&#176;&#215;0.05&#176;) to determine the hot spots of forest fire from 2001 to 2017. We also quantified fire characteristics on frequency, spatial distribution, and seasonality in terms of Burned Forest Rate (BFR), hot spot areas, and fire seasons, respectively. We found that low frequency burns with a 0<BFR&#8804;20% in 17 years covered 64% of total grids; the medium-low frequency burns (20%<BFR&#8804;40%), the medium frequency burns (40%<BFR&#8804;60%), the medium-high frequency burns (60%< BFR&#8804;80%) accounted for 15%, 7%, 4% respectively; the high frequency burns (80%<BFR&#8804;100%) and extremely high burns (100%<BFR&#8804;120%) together occupy 10% of total grids which mainly distributed in Xiao Hinggan mountains, south China, and southwest China. The seasonality of forest fires differed substantially among eco-regions. The fire seasons of two temperate forest eco-regions are spring and autumn. The two peak fire months are May and October, in which about 22% and 37% of the total burned area were founded respectively. As a comparison, fire seasons in tropical and subtropical eco-regions are spring and winter (i.e., November to March of the next year), which accounted 88% of the total burned area. Our study clearly illustrated the characteristics of forest fire patterns in the past 17 years, which highlighted the remarkable achievements due to a nationwide implementation of fire prevention policy. At the same time, we emphasized that it is critically important to regard the long-term forest fire dynamics to design scientific and reasonable strategies or methods for fire management and controlling, which will be of sound significance to optimize the allocation of financial resources on fire management, and to achieve sustainable management of forests.

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The 2019/20 eastern Australian mega forest fires - a global forest perspective

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-15693 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Matthias Boer ◽

Víctor Resco De Dios ◽

Ross Bradstock

Keyword(s):

Forest Fire ◽

Forest Fires ◽

Austral Summer ◽

Fire Regimes ◽

Burned Area ◽

Fire Event ◽

Data Set ◽

Broadleaf Forest ◽

Eastern Australia ◽

Fire Activity

The 2019/20 forest fires in eastern Australia burned over 5.8 million hectares of mainly temperate broadleaf forest between September 2019 and January 2020. This burned area figure is expected to rise over the remainder of the austral summer, but is already an order of magnitude larger than the mean annual burned area for Australian forest fires over the last 20 years, which is ~0.59 Mha per year. Here we show that this forest fire event is of a record-breaking scale, both nationally and globally, and was pre-conditioned by wide-spread prolonged drought and extreme heat.We analysed global remotely sensed burned area data for 2000-2019 to estimate annual burned area fractions of all continental forest biomes. The annual burned area fraction, which is related to the length of fire intervals and other aspects of fire regimes, allows us to compare levels of fire activity across different forest biomes and continents.Though very large fires occur in some forest biomes, such as the boreal forests of North-America and Asia, over the 20 years covered by our data set, annual burned area fractions have been very small (<0.03) for nearly all continental forest biomes including Australia&#8217;s temperate broadleaf forest biome. These findings provide a global historical reference for the interpretation of the scale of the 2019/20 eastern Australian mega forest fires.With fire activity in all forest biomes strongly constrained by the moisture content of the fuels, explanations for the unconstrained burning of millions of hectares of temperate broadleaf forest in a single season must be sought in the extreme drought that has affected eastern Australia for the last two years. We use gridded daily soil moisture predictions for the continent to show how widespread and prolonged dryness set the stage for the unprecedented forest fire event of 2019/20.

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