Comparison of KP Pulping Properties between Heartwood and Sapwood of Popla I-69

2011 ◽  
Vol 236-238 ◽  
pp. 1437-1441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Gao ◽  
Li Ping Zhang ◽  
Sheng Quan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Fiber Length ◽  
Kappa Number ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Tear Index ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Major Factors

The case was carried out to study the variance of fiber feature, chemical composition and pulping property between heartwood and sapwood of poplar I-69. As results showed, the mean fiber length in heartwood and sapwood of poplar I-69 were 770 and 1146µm separately, with the length-to-width ratio of 42.56 vs 51.76, and the wall-to-lumen ratio of 0.40 vs 0.59, respectively. The heartwood of poplar I-69 differed from sapwood in contents of chemical compositions, with holocellulose of 82.65% vs 81.35%, α- cellulose of 42.83% vs 42.82% and lignin of 18.01% vs 21.68%, respectively. Both the heartwood and sapwood of poplar I-69were suitable for pulping material. By investigating pulp yield and Kappa number, it was proven that the caustic soda dosage and the duration of reaction temperature were major factors influencing KP pulping properties of poplar I-69 sapwood. Under the same technical conditions of pulping, the pulp of the poplar I-69 sapwood was lower in Kappa number and higher in yield and in viscosity compared with those of heartwood. The tensile index, tear index and burst index of paper made by sapwood were higher than those made by heartwood. The sapwood of poplar I-69 showed overall better pulping aptitude in comparison with heartwood.

Comparison of KP Pulping Properties between Heartwood and Sapwood of Cedrus deodara (Roxb.) G. Don

2011 ◽  
Vol 55-57 ◽  
pp. 1778-1784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Gao ◽  
Li Ping Zhang ◽  
Sheng Quan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Length ◽  
Kappa Number ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Cedrus Deodara ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Tear Index ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Major Factors

The case was carried out to study the variance of fiber feature, chemical composition and pulping property between heartwood and sapwood ofCedrus deodara (Roxb.)G. Don. As results showed, the mean fiber length in heartwood and sapwood of cedar were 1842 and 2552 µm separately, with the length-to- width ratio of 77.46 vs 79.41, and the wall-to-lumen ratio of 0.36 vs 0.38, respectively. The heartwood of cedar differed from sapwood in contents of chemical compositions, with holocellulose of 70.00% vs 75.87%, α- cellulose of 40.75% vs 42.75% and lignin of 26.64% vs 25.00%, respectively. Both the heartwood and sapwood of cedarwere excellent pulping material. By investigating pulp yield and Kappa number, it was proven that the caustic soda dosage and the duration of reaction temperature were major factors influencing KP pulping properties of cedar sapwood. Under the same technical conditions of pulping, the pulp of the cedar sapwood was lower in Kappa number and higher in yield and in viscosity compared with those of heartwood. The tensile index, tear index and burst index of paper made by sapwood were higher than those made by heartwood. The sapwood of cedar showed overall better pulping aptitude in comparison with heartwood.

Chemical, anatomical, and technology aspects of Eucalyptus benthamii and Eucalyptus dunii for use in an integrated pulp and paper mill

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
GISELY SAMISTRARO ◽  
PETER W. HART ◽  
JORGE LUIZ COLODETTE ◽  
RICARDO PAIM
Keyword(s):  
Energy Levels ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Frost Tolerance ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Kappa Number ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Physical Strength

Eucalyptus dunii has been commercially used in southern Brazil because of its relatively good frost tolerance and adequate productivity in the winter months. More recently, interest has grown in cultivating Eucalyptus benthamii Maiden & Cambage, which presents even superior frost tolerance compared to E. dunii and is highly productive as well. The quality of E. benthamii for pulp production is not yet proven. Thus, the chemical, anatomical, and technological aspects of pulp made from E. benthamii were compared with those of E. dunii for unbleached paper production. Samples of E. benthamii chips were obtained and analyzed for their basic density, chemical composition, higher heating value, trace elemental analysis, and chip size distribution. The chips were kraft cooked using conditions that produced a 74 ± 6 kappa number. The pulps were characterized for kappa number, yield, viscosity, and morphologic characteristics (e.g., length, wall thickness, and coarseness). Black liquor was analyzed for total solids, organics, inorganics, sodium sulfide, sodium hydroxide, and sodium carbonate. Brownstocks were beaten at five different energy levels in a Valley beater, and the physical strength properties of 120 g/m² handsheets were measured to develop a beater curve. The results of this study showed differences in delignification between the two woods and lower pulp yield for E. benthamii , which are related to their chemical compositions and basic densities. The E. benthamii studied in this work exhibited higher amounts of lignin and extractives, lower carbohydrate content, and lower basic density. However, cooking a blend of the two woods afforded good results in pulping and in physical pulp properties.

Action Mechanism of the Improvement of Printability for Eucalypt Bleached Kraft Pulp Pretreated by Cellulase

2013 ◽  
Vol 779-780 ◽  
pp. 294-301
Author(s):  
Wan You Tang ◽  
Li Chen ◽  
Zheng Jian Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Fiber Length ◽  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Pulp Fiber ◽  
Fiber Morphology ◽  
Strength Index ◽  
Bleached Kraft Pulp ◽  
Tear Index ◽  
Pulp Sample ◽  
The Mean

Enzymatic refining of eucalypt bleached kraft pulp with the cellulase NOV476 was studied. The effects of this cellulase on the physical properties of pulp, fiber morphology and fiber appearance of the eucalypt bleached kraft pulp in different application conditions were discussed. The results show that, with the increase in the amount of enzyme, tensile strength index, burst index and TEA index of paper are increased and then decreased; elongation and tear index of paper have been declining, Zeeil tensile strength index has been an upward trend. Without beating the pulp sample, gradually increases as the amount of enzyme, the average fiber length and the average fiber width are gradually reduced, while mean kink index substantially constant. Number of vessels in fiber overall reduced tendency reaches a minimum in the amount of enzyme 0.5μ/g, the phenomenon is most obvious. In the same conditions of beating time, gradually increases as the amount of enzyme, the average fiber length is gradually reduced, an average fiber width is gradually increased, the mean kink index reaches a maximum in the amount of enzyme is 0.5μ/g. Number of vessels in fiber overall reduced trend.

Nonwood pulping: use of jute cuttings and caddis in Bangladesh

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 41-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. SARWAR JAHAN ◽  
SUMON GOSH ◽  
M. MOSTAFIZUR RAHMAN ◽  
YONGHAO NI
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Chlorine Dioxide ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Kappa Number ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
Tensile Index ◽  
Tear Index ◽  
Better Than

Utilization of jute cutting and caddis is of social and economic importance in Bangladesh. In this study, soda-anthraquinone, alkaline sulfite-anthraquinone, and neutral sulfite-anthraquinone processes were evaluated for jute-cutting and caddis pulping. The NS-AQ process showed favorable pulp yield and kappa number for both of these raw materials: 66.1% for jute cuttings and 59.9% for caddis at kappa no. 11. The physical properties of NS-AQ pulps were also better than those of soda-AQ and AS-AQ pulps. At 0SR 44, the tensile index of NS-AQ pulp was about 100 N.m/g for jute cutting and 70 N.m/g for caddis, and the tear index was similar. All pulps were bleached by D0EpD1 bleaching sequences. The NS-AQ pulp showed excellent bleachability. Its brightness reached 89.0% for jute cuttings and 85.0% for caddis using total chlorine dioxide of about 15 kg/ton. After bleaching, the strength properties of NS-AQ pulp were slightly better compared to soda-AQ and AS-AQ pulps.

Study on Alkali-Oxygen Pulping of Bagasse Wet-Stored with Hypochlorite Bleaching Waste Water

2012 ◽  
Vol 468-471 ◽  
pp. 1211-1215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Li ◽  
Bing Sun ◽  
Yu Xin Liu ◽  
Ke Li Chen
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Kappa Number ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
Bleaching Process ◽  
Wet Storage ◽  
Tear Index ◽  
Folding Endurance

In this paper, the bagasse wet-stored with hypochlorite (H) bleaching waste-water which was the original waste liquid from H bleaching process of bagasse, was cooked with alkali-oxygen and its pulping effect was studied. The results showed that the proper treatment time of wet storage with H bleaching waste-water was 12 days, the pulping properties were as follows: screened pulp yield 62.9%, kappa number 15.4, viscosity 802 mL/g, and brightness 58.8 %ISO. The strength properties of pulp were as follows: tensile index 65.6 N•m/g, tear index 5.86 mN•m2/g, burst index 3.83 kPa•m2/g and folding endurance 302 times. In addition, the pulping properties of bagasse wet-stored with H bleaching waste-water were similar to those of bagasse wet-stored with fresh water. Therefore, it can be concluded that the H bleaching waste-water could be used as spraying water for wet storage of bagasse. It was a new idea for saving fresh water in the pulping and papermaking industry.

scholarly journals Correlation between chemical composition, EHGE and TME of corn for ducks

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.J. Chen ◽  
Z.Y. Wang ◽  
C.G. Du ◽  
Z.L. Qi ◽  
Y.Q. Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Enzymatic Hydrolysate ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cherry Valley Duck ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Total Starch

Correlations between chemical composition, enzymatic hydrolysate gross energy (EHGE), and true metabolizable energy (TME) of corn for ducks were investigated. Twenty-two corn samples were collected from various regions in 11 provinces of China. The crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), Ash, gross energy (GE), dry matter (DM), amylopectin (AP), amylose (AM), total starch (TS), and AP/AM were determined for each sample. Five of the samples of corn were chosen at the mean, mean ± 1 standard deviation (SD), and mean ± 2 SD based on AP/AM. The EHGE of these samples was analysed using the pepsin-artificial small intestinal fluid enzymatic method. These five samples were also force-fed to male Cherry Valley ducks to assay their TME. Finally, correlation analyses were performed, and regression equations were established. Ash content, GE, and TS were highly related to EHGE. Univariate prediction equations were EHGE = 11.8566Ash-0.0421 (P <0.05), EHGE = 0.1535GE1.5642 (P <0.05), and EHGE = 0.1020TS1.1561 (P <0.05). The total starch, AP/AM, and ash of the chemical compositions were highly related to TME. The corresponding univariate regression equations were TME = 21.9355TS-0.0910 (P <0.05), TME = 15.6590AP/AM-0.0559 (P <0.05), and TME = 15.0778Ash0.0442 (P <0.05). The mean EHGE was equivalent to 78.5% of TME, but their correlation coefficient was low. In conclusion, chemical composition was predictive of EHGE and TME of corn samples for ducks, but the correlation of EHGE and TME was low Keywords: Cherry Valley duck, amylopectin, amylose, true metabolizable energy

REPELLENCY OF RAPESEED EXTRACTS TO ADULTS OF TRIBOLIUM CASTANEUM AND TRIBOLIUM CONFUSUM (COLEOPTERA: TENEBRIONIDAE)

1980 ◽  
Vol 112 (9) ◽  
pp. 971-974 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. H. Ediz ◽  
G. R. F. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Tribolium Castaneum ◽  
Chemical Compound ◽  
Tribolium Confusum ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Chemical Composition Of Plants ◽  
Insect Predators ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Coleoptera Tenebrionidae

The chemical composition of plants is one of the major factors influencing their acceptability as food by insects. The interrelationships among these chemicals and between them and insect predators is very complex (Davis 1968). Some are inherently toxic to insects (Singleton and Kratzer 1969); others inhibit feeding (Hsiao and Fraenkel 1968); and still others act both as toxicants and as repellents (Bennett 1965). Apparently, no class of chemical compound is without representation in this regard.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Udder traits in West African Dwarf Goats

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 246-252
Author(s):  
O. A. Amao ◽  
O. A. Osinowo ◽  
C. F. I. Onwuka ◽  
S. S. Abiola ◽  
M. A. Dipeolu
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
West African ◽  
Basic Information ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
West African Dwarf ◽  
West African Dwarf Goats ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Dwarf Goats

Udder traits of West African Dwarf (WAD) goats and factors influencing them were studied using 185 does located in South Western Nigeria. Traits evaluated were udder length (UL), udder width (UW), udder circumference (UC) and udder volume (UV). Others were teat length (TL), teat width (TW), teat circumference (TC) distance between teats (DT) and height of teat from the ground (HTG). Udder length was significantly (P<0.001) influenced by age, lactation status and liveweight. The increase in UL with age was quadratic. Lactating does had longer udders than non-lactating does by 1.93cm. Effects of lactation status and live weight on UW were highly significant (P<0.001). Lactating does had wider udders (10.40±0.30 cm) than non-lactating does (8.66 ± 0.27 cm). Udder circumference was significantly (P < 0.001) influenced by lactation status and liveweight. Lactating does had UC of 27.69 ± 2.51 cm compared to 23.79 ± 0.40 cm in non-lactating does. Age, lactation status and liveweight had significant (P<0.05) effects on UV. The increase in UV with age was significant, rising froin 637.98 ± 49.69 cm3 at 1-2 years to 934.51 ± 75.90cm3 at above 4 years. Lactating does had larger UV (923.43 ± 39.97 cm3) (P<0.001) than non-lactating does (617.61 ± 33.00 cm3). The mean values for the udder traits adjusted to that of 3-4 years old lactating doe, were for UL, 11.6 ± 0.17 cm; UW, (9.42 ± 0.13cm; UC, 25.69 ± 0.44cm and UV, 817.93 ± 25.92 cm3. Others were 2.19± 0.03, 1.09 ± 0.02, 3.40 ± 0.05, 8.87±0.12 and 16.14±0.23 cm for TL, TW, TC, DT and HTG respectively. This study showed that age, lactation status and liveweight are major factors influencing udder traits in West African Dwarf goats. A major advantage of this study is the provision of some basic information on udder Traits of West African Dwarf goats.

Recovery of phosphates(V) from wastewaters of different chemical composition

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1071-1079 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Hutnik ◽  
Anna Stanclik ◽  
Krzysztof Piotrowski ◽  
Andrzej Matynia
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Calcium Phosphates ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Filtration Time ◽  
Mean Size ◽  
Continuous Reaction ◽  
The Mean

AbstractPhosphate(V) ions were recovered from wastewaters of different chemical compositions in a continuous reaction crystallization of struvite. Two real wastewaters were represented by an effluent sample from the phosphorus mineral fertilizer industry and by liquid manure derived from a cattle-breeding farm. Two other wastewaters were prepared under laboratory conditions. Impurities present in the wastewaters caused the precipitation of solid products of distinctly different quality. The mean size of struvite crystals varied from ca. 18 to ca. 40 μm. Homogeneity within their populations, quantified by the coefficient of variation CV, varied from satisfactory (CV ca. 75%) to unfavorable (CV ca. 100%), which resulted in the elongation of necessary filtration time. Calcium ions in wastewater precipitated as amorphous hydrated calcium phosphates ACP. Their content in the products varied from 33.4 up to 73.1 mass %. Also 28.32 – 32.74 mass % of P2O5, 6.35 – 14.12 mass % of MgO and 4.35 – 16.94 mass % of CaO were confirmed in the products, together with hydroxides of some metals and salts of other impurities. Based on the chemical composition of the products derived from the investigated wastewaters, their application in agriculture as valuable mineral fertilizers is recommended.

Suitability of eight years kadam tree (Neolamarckia cadamba) in chemical pulping

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-421
Author(s):  
M. Misbahuddin ◽  
D. Biswas ◽  
U. Roy
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Kappa Number ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
Physical Strength ◽  
Chemical Pulping ◽  
Different Content ◽  
Pulp Wood

Abstract Kadam is a fast growing tree species in Bangladesh. The main aim of this study is to observe the influence of tree age of kadam on chemical pulping. In this research 8, 18 and 30 years old kadam wood were pulped under different active alkali of 16, 18 and 19 % maintaining 25 % sulphidity and its effect on chemical composition, kappa number, pulp yield and delignification was investigated. The result shows that the content of extractive, lignin, alpha-cellulose and hemicellulose increase to different content along with the increase of tree age. There are also some differences of pulping properties with different tree age. Pulp yield of 8 years old kadam is higher than other ages of kadam trees. The hand sheets were made and the physical strength properties likely tear, tensile and burst were evaluated at two freeness level. The pulps produced from 8 year kadam tree obsessed reasonable strength properties. These could be used for producing moderate quality writing, printing and wrapping papers. Pulp wood of 8 years kadam is more suitable for pulping, compared to that 18 and 30 years.

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