Experimental Research on Deep-Bed Drying Characteristics of Maize

2011 ◽  
Vol 308-310 ◽  
pp. 1586-1589
Author(s):  
Xing Zao Ma ◽  
Chang You Li ◽  
Li Li Zhang ◽  
Wen Hao Shen
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Design ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Drying Rate ◽  
Drying Characteristics ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Drying Efficiency

In this paper, the deep-bed drying rate was analyzed under different bed depths and air temperatures. It was found that the bed depth had a greater impact on the drying efficiency, and if the initial moisture content of maize and the ventilation temperature are higher, the effect would be much more notable. The results will provide a basis for optimal design of the deep-bed drying devices.

scholarly journals Development of a Corn Drying System

2021 ◽  
pp. 74-79
Author(s):  
A. A. Ijah ◽  
O. E. Olagunju ◽  
S. M. Adamu ◽  
H. C. Ozoani ◽  
F. M. Rasheed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Drying Rate ◽  
Physical Damage ◽  
High Efficient ◽  
Farm Produce ◽  
Drying System ◽  
Drying Efficiency

Corn as a staple farm produce are usually harvested at a point or time when the moisture content is more than 25% (wet.basis).,and therefore, it is easily attacked by fungi and other diseases causing organism and even physical damage, thereby reducing the market value of the crop.  Drying must be carried out on those products to prevent deterioration. The objectives of this research are to develop a device that can reduce the moisture content of corn using electronic components and equally carryout evaluation on the device.  Shelled corns with initial moisture content of between 25-30% (w.b.) is the major material used in this research work. A Heating element incorporated in the device supplied the needed heat which was delivered to the drying chamber by the help of a centrifugal blower. The drying experiment was carried out at three different temperature thus; 45 oC, 55 oC and 65oC. The moisture content at this varying temperature was used to determine the drying rate and the drying efficiency. The results showed clearly that the dryer air temperature affect the drying rate, the efficiency of drying, and the quality of the material. It is equally clear that the best drying rate and temperature is  65oC average 4,95% / hour, high efficient at drying temperature 55oC and 65oC equal to 86,27% and 83,51%, and best material quality with dryer temperature 55oC.

scholarly journals Performance evaluation of a flatbed maize dryer with a biomass heat source

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-41
Author(s):  
JO Akowuah ◽  
HA Boateng ◽  
G Obeng Akrofi ◽  
DE Maier
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Drying Rate ◽  
Germination Test ◽  
Technical Performance ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Crack Index ◽  
Drying System ◽  
Drying Efficiency

The technical performance of a 3-tonne capacity flatbed grain dryer was assessed based on its drying rate and drying efficiency. In addition, the quality of maize grains dried in the drying system was investigated through stress-crack analysis and germination test. Maize grains at an initial moisture content of 18.4% ± 0.1% (wb) were dried to a safe moisture content of 13.3% ± 0.2% (wb) in 5 hours, resulting in a drying rate of 1.02%/h at a drying efficiency of 67.35%. The average temperature observed in the plenum (55.8°C±1.5°C) was about twice higher than the ambient temperature during the drying period. The use of the flatbed dryer did not have any adverse effect on the viability of grains dried with a stress-crack index of 75 and percentage germination of 90%. This study demonstrated the viability of using the flatbed biomass-assisted dryer for drying maize and can reduce post-harvest losses of maize at the smallholder level. Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 11(2): 37-41, Dec 2021

scholarly journals Mathematical Modelling of the Drying Characteristics of Milled Sorghum Residue

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
J. Isa ◽  
O. I. Majasan ◽  
K. A. Jimoh
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Moisture Diffusivity ◽  
Effective Moisture Diffusivity ◽  
Drying Rate ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
Drying Characteristics ◽  
Effective Moisture ◽  
Drying Behaviour

During milling of cereal grains, bran which is separated from the starchy endosperm of the grain is a major by-product. In this study, milled sorghum residue was dried in a cabinet dryer under different conditions (temperature and air velocity). The obtained drying data were fitted into ten existing mathematical models and obtained the best model while, the effective moisture diffusivity and activation energy of the drying process was determined using Arrhenius type approach. The result shows that the initial moisture content obtained for the sorghum residue using standard oven drying method were 41.28 ± 0.33%, 49.52 ± 0.63 % and 47.06 ± 0.42 % on wet basis for the wet residue of variety A, B and C, respectively, at equilibrium point, the final moisture content of about 12.93 ± 0.14 – 14.31± 0.07 as temperature ranges from 40 oC to 70 oC and air velocity ranges from 0.8 m/s to 1.2 m/s. During the drying process, the drying rate falls more rapidly as it was initially high as a result of more moisture in the sorghum residue and the drying rate decreases slowly until reaching the reduced moisture content. The obtained values of effective moisture diffusivity (Deff) ranges between 9.89 x 10-10 and 22.21 x 10-10 m2/s, 9.45 x 10-10 and 20.62 x 10-10 m2/s and 8.56 x 10-10 and 20.76 x 10-10 m2/s for variety A, B and C, respectively. However, the result of the modelling shows that the drying characteristics of variety A and B of the sorghum residue can be predicted using Midilli et al. model while the drying behaviour of Variety C can be predicted using Hii et al. model.

Study on drying characteristics of chemical treated slit green chillies under hot air oven

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (02) ◽  
pp. 229-232
Author(s):  
Ravi Kumar ◽  
Vivak Kumar ◽  
G. R. Singh ◽  
B. R. Singh ◽  
Samsher . ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Potassium Carbonate ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Drying Rate ◽  
Humid Climate ◽  
Drying Characteristics ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
Rate Period ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Potassium Carbonate Solution

Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) is one of the important commercial crops of India. It is a crop of tropical and subtropical regions and requires a warm humid climate. Chilli is a highly perishable vegetable with a short shelf-life and commonly encounter postharvest problems; to deal such problems, drying was done using hot air oven. Three different temperatures (50, 60 and 70 °C) use in hot air oven. Before drying chillis were slitted and treated with Butylated Hydroxy Anisole and Potassium Carbonate solution. Overall drying rate increased with temperature in hot air oven. Drying of dipsol green chilli took place in falling rate period. Initial moisture content of the green chilli was an average of 84.20±1 % w. b.

Effect of Drying on Physical Qualities and Sensory Evaluation of Herbal Germinated Brown Rice by Hot Air: Turmeric and Roselle

2013 ◽  
Vol 372 ◽  
pp. 420-423
Author(s):  
Khwanruedi Sangchum ◽  
Yutthana Tirawanichakul ◽  
Supawan Tirawanichakul
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Sensory Evaluation ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Brown Rice ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Drying Rate ◽  
Germinated Brown Rice ◽  
Rice Drying ◽  
Drying Conditions ◽  
Cie Lab

The object of this project was to study the effect of drying temperature on physical quality and sensory evaluation of germinated brown rice soaking with tumeric and roselle. The drying was run under the conditions of drying temperatures of 80-100°C and air velocity of 7.3 m/s. Initial moisture content of brown rice samples was of 54-55% dry-basis and was dried until the final moisture content reached to 20-25% dry-basis. After drying, the rice was tempered and then was ventilated by ambient air until its moisture content reached to 14-15% dry-basis. The experiment showed that highest drying rate is incident at 100°C. For physical qualities analysis, the results showed that the drying air temperature does not affect to head rice yield, fissured kernels, chalky grain and color (L*, a*, b* CIE-lab unit) of herbal germinated brown rice. In addition, herbal germinated brown rice drying can maintain low percentage of chalky grain compared to commercial brown rice. The soaking solution was not affect to drying rate. Finally, the sensory evaluation showed that the herbal germinated brown rice dried with all drying conditions was acceptable taste (>5).

scholarly journals Hot air drying combined vacuum-filling nitrogen drying of apple slices: Drying characteristics and nutrients

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoli Huang ◽  
T. Li ◽  
S.N. Li ◽  
Z.H. Wu ◽  
J. Xue
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Drying Rate ◽  
Slice Thickness ◽  
Relative Pressure ◽  
Hot Air Drying ◽  
Air Drying ◽  
Drying Characteristics ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
Apple Slices ◽  
Apple Slice

In this paper, hot air drying (HAD) was applied when moisture content of apple slices range from 50% to 86%, and then vacuum-filling nitrogen drying (VFND) was used till moisture content reaching 7%. Results showed that, the drying rate of apple slice during VFND period increased with temperature increment and decreased with increment of slice thickness; compared to freezing dried samples,  samples dried in this research were owned lower Vc and higher flavonoid; when HAD (70℃,3.0m/s)+VFND(relative pressure 0.08MPa, 50℃) and thickness of 6.0mm, nutrients reached better levels: retentions of Vc, total phenolics and flavonoid were 1.63mg/100g, 4.07mg/100g and 2.10mg/100g, respectively. Keywords: apple slices, hot air drying, vacuum-filling nitrogen drying, drying rate, nutrients

Thin-Layer Mathematical Modeling of Turmeric in Indirect Natural Conventional Solar Dryer

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masnaji R. Nukulwar ◽  
Vinod B. Tungikar
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Sun Drying ◽  
Solar Dryer ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Drying Efficiency ◽  
Kinetics Of

Abstract The objective of this study is to find an optimized thin-layer mathematical model suitable for drying kinetics of turmeric. Turmeric has a high moisture content which necessitates effective drying. A 10 kg, sample batch, of turmeric was dried in a solar dryer. Drying air temperatures and air velocity were observed in the range of 55 °C–68 °C and 0.7 m/s–1.4 m/s, respectively, in the drying experiments. It is seen that the moisture content of the turmeric is reduced from 77% to 11.93% in 22 h when compared with open sun drying, which required 60 h for the same reduction in the moisture content. Scheffler dish was used to generate steam for the dryer. Seven thin-layer mathematical models, cited in the literature, had been used for the study. These models were applied for different trays placed in the dryer. The result of the research and experimentation showed that the Page model fits best for drying in the steam-based dryer and open sun drying. Experimental results showed 63.33% saving in drying time, and the drying efficiency was found as 29.85%. Uncertainty in the drying efficiency was observed as 0.67%. Experimental investigation and the findings from the mathematical modeling are presented in this paper.

Drying Characteristics of Chlorella pyrenoidosa Using Oven and its Evaluation for Bio-Ethanol Production

2020 ◽  
Vol 1007 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Megawati ◽  
Astrilia Damayanti ◽  
Radenrara Dewi Artanti Putri ◽  
Irene Nindita Pradnya ◽  
Habib Faisal Yahya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Chlorella Pyrenoidosa ◽  
Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Drying Characteristics ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Critical Moisture ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Water Contents

The objective of this research is to study the influence of temperature on drying and changes in carbohydrate composition during the drying. Chlorella pyrenoidosa was dried in oven at various temperatures and initial weight 2 g. The initial moisture content of Chlorella pyrenoidosa was 487.2% dry weight and the composition was hemicellulose (62.76), cellulose (2.39), and lignin (0.46% dry weight). Every 5 min, the moisture content was recorded. The critical moisture contents of Chlorella pyrenoidosa at 50, 60, and 70 °C are 7.2, 3.9, and 3.1% dry weight, respectively. Meanwhile, the equilibrium water contents are 0.53, 0.32, and 0.12% dry weight, respectively. The carbohydrate content in Chlorella pyrenoidosa cell as a result FTIR analysis indicates that the higher temperature of drying the carbohydrate content increases. Drying of Chlorella pyrenoidosa at temperatures of 50, 60, and 70 °C will decrease moisture content without disturb carbohydrate molecule, so the carbohydrate content increases. Therefore, drying of Chlorella pyrenoidosa before converting become bio-ethanol will give benefit to increase the carbohydrate content and initial rupturing of it’s cell.

Theoretical and Experimental Study of Heating/Drying of Paper Sheet With Gas Heated Infrared Emitter

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Nadir Husain ◽  
Jamal Seyed-Yagoobi ◽  
Jefferson W. Wirtz
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Transient Temperature ◽  
Temperature Profiles ◽  
Paper Sheet ◽  
Ir Radiation ◽  
Drying Characteristics ◽  
Infrared Wavelength ◽  
Infrared Emitter ◽  
Series Of Experiments

Abstract Infrared (IR) radiation is used for heating/drying of moist paper owing to its penetration characteristic inside porous media, and a high absorptivity of water in the infrared wavelength range. A series of experiments has been conducted along with the development of a theoretical model to study IR drying characteristics. Paper samples are instrumented with thermocouples in the thickness direction to obtain transient temperature profiles along with moisture data. The experimental results confirm IR energy penetration into the paper sheet. The numerical model predicts the experimental transient temperature profile for thinner samples fairly well but tends to under predict the temperatures with progressively thicker samples. Theoretical depth of IR penetration, as a function of sample initial moisture content, has been calculated and was found to decrease with increasing moisture content.

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