Drying Characteristics of Chlorella pyrenoidosa Using Oven and its Evaluation for Bio-Ethanol Production

2020 ◽  
Vol 1007 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Megawati ◽  
Astrilia Damayanti ◽  
Radenrara Dewi Artanti Putri ◽  
Irene Nindita Pradnya ◽  
Habib Faisal Yahya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Chlorella Pyrenoidosa ◽  
Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Drying Characteristics ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Critical Moisture ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Water Contents

The objective of this research is to study the influence of temperature on drying and changes in carbohydrate composition during the drying. Chlorella pyrenoidosa was dried in oven at various temperatures and initial weight 2 g. The initial moisture content of Chlorella pyrenoidosa was 487.2% dry weight and the composition was hemicellulose (62.76), cellulose (2.39), and lignin (0.46% dry weight). Every 5 min, the moisture content was recorded. The critical moisture contents of Chlorella pyrenoidosa at 50, 60, and 70 °C are 7.2, 3.9, and 3.1% dry weight, respectively. Meanwhile, the equilibrium water contents are 0.53, 0.32, and 0.12% dry weight, respectively. The carbohydrate content in Chlorella pyrenoidosa cell as a result FTIR analysis indicates that the higher temperature of drying the carbohydrate content increases. Drying of Chlorella pyrenoidosa at temperatures of 50, 60, and 70 °C will decrease moisture content without disturb carbohydrate molecule, so the carbohydrate content increases. Therefore, drying of Chlorella pyrenoidosa before converting become bio-ethanol will give benefit to increase the carbohydrate content and initial rupturing of it’s cell.

scholarly journals The Drying Rate of Chlorella pyrenoidosa Using an Oven in Bioethanol Production

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-136
Author(s):  
Megawati ◽  
Astrilia Damayanti ◽  
Putri Radenrara D. A. ◽  
Pradnya Irene N. ◽  
Khusnul Hotimah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Chlorella Pyrenoidosa ◽  
Drying Rate ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Rate Model ◽  
Critical Moisture Content ◽  
Critical Moisture

The production of bioethanol from microalgae goes through several stages, including cultivation, harvesting, drying, storage, and conversion to bioethanol. Nearly 40% of the total energy consumed in the bioethanol production from microalgae is from drying. This research aims to study the drying rate model of Chlorella pyrenoidosa using an oven. The drying is carried out at the temperatures of 50, 60, and 70 oC. The initial moisture content of Chlorella pyrenoidosa was 317.798% dry weight. The results showed that at the temperatures of 50, 60, and 70 oC, the critical moisture content was 9.108, 7.583, and 6.93% dry weight, while the equilibrium moisture content was 3.172, 3.158, and 3.109% dry weight. The most optimal drying is at 70 oC and the drying rate gets faster as the temperature does too. The Page model is better at describing the drying rate of Chlorella pyrenoidosa using an oven than the Newton model. The drying speed constants (k) were 0.00056, 0.00061, and 0.00208, at 50, 60, and 70 oC, respectively.

Study on Critical Moisture Content of Unsaturated Evaporation

2014 ◽  
Vol 513-517 ◽  
pp. 2643-2646
Author(s):  
Hua Zhang ◽  
Wen Long Hu ◽  
Jin Lu Cao
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
Evaporation Process ◽  
Critical Moisture Content ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Critical Moisture ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Soil Water Characteristic Curves ◽  
Water Contents

Thin layer evaporation tests of three types of soil were conducted by a newly designed humidity-controllable evaporation and penetration measuring system and lasted for 8 days. The whole process of sample mass variation from wet to dry was recorded in the laboratory. The critical moisture content and air-dried moisture content were obtained from evaporation curve, which divided the evaporation process of thin layer unsaturated soil into three stages, including stable rate stage, reducing rate stage and residual stage. The soil water characteristic curves of soils were predicted by Arya and Paris model, the results showed that the critical moisture contents of evaporation process were the same with the water contents corresponding to residue values of SWCC, it is significant to studying on unsaturated evaporation process.

Experimental Study of Static Disintegration on Unsaturated Soil

2014 ◽  
Vol 580-583 ◽  
pp. 68-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nian Qin Wang ◽  
Qing Tao Wang ◽  
Qian Xue ◽  
Xiao Ling Liu
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Unsaturated Soil ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Effective Porosity ◽  
Disintegration Rate ◽  
Porosity Ratio ◽  
Water Rate ◽  
Critical Moisture ◽  
Relationship Of

In order to explore the disintegration characteristics of compacted loess, through the unsaturated soil disintegration instrument by independently developed,conduct the soaking disintegration experimental study on remolded soil unsaturated samples,obtained a series of experimental results:①The curves can be divided into the slow disintegration, rapid disintegration and stabilization of disintegration in three stages，the degree of compaction and water rate impact on rapidly disintegrating stage;②When the degree of compaction is certain,the disintegration rate decreased with the water contented increasing,the decreased amplitude is increasing with the moisture content increased to18%,the disintegration characteristics disappeared with the moisture content increased to 22%;③When the initial moisture content is certain, the disintegration rate decreased with the degree of compaction increasing, The time significantly prolonged when the disintegration completed. the decreased amplitude is increasing with the degree of compaction increased to 95%,the disintegration characteristics basically disappeared. Based on the relationship of degree of compaction and the moisture content to void ratio, the thesis establishes the model between the disintegration rate and the effective porosity ratio,the formula can be used to calculate the disintegration rate of compacted loess.The specific conclusions are:①When the critical moisture content increased to 22%,the disintegration characteristics disappeared;②When the critical degree of compaction increased to95%，the disintegration characteristics also disappeared.

scholarly journals Impact of fast and slow desiccation on Garcinia imberti seed and seedling vigour

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 95-102
Author(s):  
M Anto ◽  
C Anilkumar
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Germplasm Conservation ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Critical Moisture Content ◽  
Normal Seedling ◽  
Southern Western Ghats ◽  
Mean Germination Time ◽  
Critical Moisture ◽  
Activated Silica Gel

Garcinia imberti Bourd. endemic to the southern Western Ghats is classified as endangered by the IUCN (2018). The seeds as the sole means of propagation with initial moisture content (MC) of 62.8% are sensitive to desiccation. Studies on the responses of the seed to drying require ascertaining of the critical moisture content (CMC) as a basic requisite for germplasm conservation. Responses of G. imberti seeds to fast drying with activated silica gel (25 ± 2 °C, 6 ± 1% RH) and to slow drying under laboratory conditions (28 ± 2°C, 60 ± 2% RH) were evaluated for seed and seedling vigour. When the MC was reduced to 56% by 48 hours of slow drying or 6 hours of fast drying, 75 to 90% normal seedlings were produced respectively. In the case of fast dried seed (6 hours), seed associated parameters except mean germination time showed peak values with maximum germination and enhanced root length. Below the CMCs of 16.4 and 26.3% (fast and slow drying respectively), half of the tested seeds become non viable. Thus for germplasm conservation the present study proposes 6 hour’s of fast drying to retain viability and normal seedling development of G. imberti.

scholarly journals Temporal variation in seed quality of Indian spinach preserved in different containers

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Kamruzzaman ◽  
S Khatun ◽  
A Rakib ◽  
MI Hoque ◽  
MH Rani
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Seedling Vigor ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Seed Technology ◽  
Vigor Index

The experiment was conducted to investigate the seed quality of Indian spinach for three months stored at different containers (Plastic pot, polythene bag and cloth bag) during 2013-2014 at Seed Technology Laboratory of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur. The initial moisture content of the seed was 9.89% with 75.00% germination. However, after two months, the seed had a different range of increased moisture content with reduced germination percentage depending upon the packing materials. Among the three containers, seeds stored at cloth bag absorbed more moisture (14.36%) from surrounding atmosphere followed by the moisture content, 12.67% and 11.50% of polythene bag and airtight plastic pot, respectively. Seeds stored at plastic pot, polythene bag and cloth bag exhibited 65.00, 64.00 and 50.00 per cent germination, respectively. Similarly, the fresh weight and dry weight of seedling and seedling vigor were also decreased. The seeds of plastic pot were good in term of germination capacity, fresh and dry weight and vigor index in comparison to those stored at cloth bag and polythene bag.Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 5 (2): 51-57, December, 2015

scholarly journals Modelling of biomass temperature in the drying process

2020 ◽  
Vol 154 ◽  
pp. 01004
Author(s):  
Ewa Golisz ◽  
Małgorzata Jaros ◽  
Szymon Głowacki
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Direct Calculation ◽  
Logistic Function ◽  
Temperature Model ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Temperature Rate

The goal of the work was to propose and verify the model of temperature changes of the convective dried biomass depending on the drying time. The algebraic temperature model of the convective dried solid, giving the possibility of its direct calculation, was based on the logistic function of growth. Temperature model was verified for convective dried biomass: vegetable and wood (poplar and willow wood chips) significantly differing in initial moisture content. Parameter W in the temperature model, defined as the coefficient of temperature rate changes reaches greater values in higher temperature of drying air and for wood biomass which has lower initial moisture content. Empirically selected parameter W allows to verify the temperature model with the relative error less than 5%.

Theoretical and Experimental Study of Heating/Drying of Paper Sheet With Gas Heated Infrared Emitter

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Nadir Husain ◽  
Jamal Seyed-Yagoobi ◽  
Jefferson W. Wirtz
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Transient Temperature ◽  
Temperature Profiles ◽  
Paper Sheet ◽  
Ir Radiation ◽  
Drying Characteristics ◽  
Infrared Wavelength ◽  
Infrared Emitter ◽  
Series Of Experiments

Abstract Infrared (IR) radiation is used for heating/drying of moist paper owing to its penetration characteristic inside porous media, and a high absorptivity of water in the infrared wavelength range. A series of experiments has been conducted along with the development of a theoretical model to study IR drying characteristics. Paper samples are instrumented with thermocouples in the thickness direction to obtain transient temperature profiles along with moisture data. The experimental results confirm IR energy penetration into the paper sheet. The numerical model predicts the experimental transient temperature profile for thinner samples fairly well but tends to under predict the temperatures with progressively thicker samples. Theoretical depth of IR penetration, as a function of sample initial moisture content, has been calculated and was found to decrease with increasing moisture content.

Comparison of Drying Characteristics of Green and Black Seedless Grapes using Hot Air Dryer

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Singh ◽  
K. S. Jairaj ◽  
K. Srikant
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Ethyl Oleate ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Thompson Seedless ◽  
Drying Characteristics ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
Air Dryer ◽  
Required Quality ◽  
Chimney Effect

Drying characteristics of Thompson seedless (Green) and Sharad seedless (Black) grapes were obtained using a simple laboratory scale hot air dryer. Grapes were dipped for three minutes in a solution prepared by adding 25 g Potassium carbonate and 15 mL Ethyl oleate to 1 liter of distilled water maintained at a temperature of 40°C. Grapes were dried using hot air at a temperature of 60°C and a flow rate of 0.82 mls created by chimney effect. Green grapes with an initial moisture content of 79.94 % required 19 hrs while Black grapes with an initial moisture content of 81.38 % required 27 hrs to reach a final moisture content of 18 % (wet basis). Drying rate constant value for Green grapes was 0.036505 h<sup>-1</sup> while that for Black grapes was 0.024793 h<sup>-1</sup> . Raisins produced from both variety grapes possessed all the required quality parameters acceptable in the international market.

scholarly journals Pendugaan Umur Simpan Benih Padi (Oryza sativa L) Menggunakan Metode ASLT (Accelerated Shelf Life Testing) dengan Pendekatan Model Kadar Air Kritis

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 228
Author(s):  
I Putu Mas Pradnyana Wibawa ◽  
Ida Bagus Putu Gunadnya ◽  
I Made Anom Sutrisna Wijaya
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Shelf Life ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Total Solid ◽  
Rice Seed ◽  
Life Testing ◽  
Critical Moisture Content ◽  
Critical Moisture ◽  
Rice Seeds

Tujuan dari dilakukanya penelitian Ini adalah untuk menduga umur simpan benih padi menggunakan metode ASLT (Accelerrated Shelf Life Testing) dengan pendekatan model kadar air kritis. Adapun benih yang digunakan adalah benih varietas Ciherang dan varietas Inpari 30. Kemasan dari benih padi adalah plastic jenis Polipropilen (PP). Benih padi disimpan pada kondisi lingkungan (suhu 290C dan RH 75%). Pengamatan benih dianggap kritis ketika persentase daya berkecambah di bawah 80%. Ditemukan dari hasil pengukuran bahwa nilai permeabilitas kemasan (k/x) dari plastic PP adalah 0,013 gH2O/m2.day.mmHg. Pengamtan kadar air awal (Ma) adalah 13 %, kadar air kritis (Mc) adalah 29 %, total padatanya (WS) adalah 8,8 kg, dan perbedaan tekanan (?P) 1,15 mmHg. Sementara Inpari 30 memiliki nilai kadar air awal (Ma) 14%, kadar air kritis 29%, total padatannya (WS) 8,7 kg, dan ?P 0,9 mmHg.  Dari nilai tersebut dapat diduga umur simpan dua varietas benih bersertifikat yang dikemas dalam plastik PP dan disimpan pada suhu 29oC dan RH 75% adalah 156 hari (5,03 bulan) untuk varietas Ciherang dan 254 hari (8,19 bulan)  untuk 30 varietas Inpari.   The purpose of this study was to prediction the shelf life of certified rice seeds using the ASLT (Accelerated Shelf Life Testing) method based on the critical moisture content approach. The varieties of rice seeds used in this research were Ciherang and Inpari 30 varieties which packed with polypropylene (PP) plastic packaging. The rice seeds packages were stored at environmental condition (temperature of 29oC and RH of 75%). Observation on seeds germination was done daily until the seeds have a germination percentage below 80%. When the seeds under this condition, moisture content of the seeds was measured and refer as critical moisture content. It was found that the packaging permeability (k/x) of PP plastic was 0.013 g H2O/m2.day.mmHg. Observation on rice seed of Ciherang variety revealed that its values of initial moisture content (Ma) was 0.133 %, its critical moisture content (Mc) was 0.291 %, its total solid (Ws) was 8.8 kg, and pressure difference  (?P) was 1,15 mmHg. While, for Invary 30 variety the values of its shelf life parameters were as follows: Ma 0.144 %, Mc 0.293 %, Ws 8.7 kg, and ?P 0.9 mmHg. The prediction of shelf life the two certified rice seeds which were packed in PP plastic and stored at 29oC and RH of 75% were 156 days (5.03 months) for Ciherang variety and 254 days (8.19 months). ) for Inpari 30 variety.

Experimental Research on Deep-Bed Drying Characteristics of Maize

2011 ◽  
Vol 308-310 ◽  
pp. 1586-1589
Author(s):  
Xing Zao Ma ◽  
Chang You Li ◽  
Li Li Zhang ◽  
Wen Hao Shen
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Design ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Drying Rate ◽  
Drying Characteristics ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Drying Efficiency

In this paper, the deep-bed drying rate was analyzed under different bed depths and air temperatures. It was found that the bed depth had a greater impact on the drying efficiency, and if the initial moisture content of maize and the ventilation temperature are higher, the effect would be much more notable. The results will provide a basis for optimal design of the deep-bed drying devices.

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