Study on Preparing Light Colored C9 Petroleum Resins with High Softening Point

2011 ◽  
Vol 335-336 ◽  
pp. 899-903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Min Yang ◽  
Hong Hui Zhang ◽  
Jia Hao Wang ◽  
Min Hu
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Softening Point ◽  
Vacuum Distillation ◽  
Boron Trifluoride ◽  
Color Index ◽  
Polymerization Process ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Distillation Process ◽  
Gardner Color ◽  
Washing Process

Polymerizable C9 fraction was cut by atmospheric distillation of raw C9 fraction from thermal cracking. The obtained fraction polymerized using boron trifluoride ethyl ether as catalyst and then the polymerized mixture was washed by warm 10%wt Na2CO3 aqueous solution and distilled water and separated by vacuum distillation for producing light colored C9 petroleum resins with high softening point. The suitable conditions for polymerization process, washing process, vacuum distillation process were investigated to improve the C9 petroleum resins production. Under these conditions, the petroleum resins product with Gardner color index of 4-5 and softening point of 102-120°C could be obtained.

scholarly journals Biodegradation of erythrosin B dye by paramorphic Neurospora crassa 74A

2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 473-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gisele Jane de Jesus ◽  
Carlos Renato Corso ◽  
Adriana de Campos ◽  
Sandra Mara Martins Franchetti
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Neurospora Crassa ◽  
Fungal Biomass ◽  
Fine Powder ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Erythrosin B ◽  
Fungus Culture ◽  
Washing Process

The present work used paramorphic forms of Neurospora crassa 74A to remove erythrosine. The fungus culture was grown in medium containing the dye, as only carbon source for 2 and 90 h of interaction. A washing process using distilled water isolated the cellular mass mycelia was dried for 12 h at 105ºC and transformed in fine powder and analyzed in FTIR. The supernatant was analyzed through spectrophotometer UV-Vis and FTIR. Significant differences in the spectrum of UV-VIS and FTIR were observed between the control and the supernatant and between wall control and the walls colored by red, in FTIR for 2 and 90 h. Some significant bands were modified, suggesting the possibility of enzymatic biodegradation in proportion to the time of contact between the dye and fungal biomass.

scholarly journals Clarification of superficial waters of the magdalena river using seeds of Tamarindus indica as bio-coagulants

Respuestas ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-176
Author(s):  
Saúl David Buelvas-Caro ◽  
Yelitza del Rosario Aguas-Mendoza ◽  
Rafael Enrique Olivero-Verbel
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Aluminum Sulfate ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Tamarindus Indica ◽  
Efficient Alternative ◽  
High Turbidity ◽  
Magdalena River

Biocoagulants have emerged as an environmentally friendly and efficient alternative to surface water clarification, allowing the use of agro-industrial waste as a bioavailable source for the treatment of high turbidity water. The objective of this research was to compare the efficiency in the surface water coagulation process of the Magdalena river using aluminum sulfate and tamarind seeds (Tamarindus indica) dissolved in aqueous solution and saline solution. The clarification process was carried out by testing jar, for this was performed an extraction of the hot and cold tamarind coagulant which were evaluated in conjunction with an inorganic coagulant in different mother dilutions (distilled water and saline) at concentrations of 35 and 40 mg/L and at a stirring speed of 100 and 200 rpm. The parameters of pH, electrical conductivity (S/cm), turbidity (NTU) and color (UPC) were measured during the clarification process. The results show a 97.2% reduction in inorganic treatment (SAL) compared to initial turbidity and a decrease in natural cold extracted (STF) and hot (STC) treatments of 58.2% and 39.1% respectively, when diluted in aqueous solution. While diluting in saline solution there was a greater removal of turbidity when applying aluminum sulfate, followed by STF and STC treatment, with removal values of 99%, 75% and 53% respectively. The highest coagulating activity occurred when applying a dose of 40mg/L and when diluting treatments in NaCl with maximum reported values for SAL, STF and STC treatment of 93%, 85% and 59%. Tamarind seeds proved to be an efficient coagulant for water clarification

scholarly journals Enhancement of Liver Toxicity on Diabetes Mellitus by a Universal Chemical Pollutant (Acrylonitrile) in Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-17
Author(s):  
Sameer E. Alharthi
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Liver Toxicity ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Serum Aminotransferase ◽  
Cyp2e1 Activity

The present study was designed to investigate potential liver damage due to acrylonitrile in Streptozotocin induced diabetes in rats. Twenty-four rats were divided into 4 treatment groups. Nondiabetic control rat receiving distilled water, non-diabetic rat receiving acrylonitrile aqueous solution (10 mg/kg/day), diabetic control rat receiving distilled water and diabetic rat receiving acrylonitrile aqueous solution. All groups received the treatment for 4 weeks. The animals were assessed for hepatoxicity markers in serum, oxidative stress markers, CYP2E1 activity and cyanide formation in tissues. Acrylonitrile significantly elevated serum aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, total bilirubin levels, triglycerides and total cholesterol in diabetic groups as compared to normal control group. Antioxidant markers like glutathione showed significant decline while a significant increase in malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase and catalase in diabetic rats treated with acrylonitrile. CYP2E1 activity was observed in acrylonitrile – exposed nondiabetic and diabetic groups as compared to control. Cyanide formation was raised in both the nondiabetic and diabetic groups as compared to control group. Acrylonitriles can produce acute hepatic injury, induction of diabetes mellitus type II, and accomplish the CYP2E1 enzyme which sequentially leads to generation of oxidative stress and its metabolic product–cyanide that may potentiate the oxidative stress posing more deleterious effect.

scholarly journals Purification of acrylamide from polymerization inhibitors in the manufacture of high quality flocculants based on polyacrylamide

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-113
Author(s):  
V. P. Duleba ◽  
◽  
Z. Ya. Hnativ ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Polymerization Process ◽  
Iron Ions ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Catalytic Method ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Variable Valence ◽  
Sulfuric Acid Method ◽  
Practical Information

Polyacrylamide and its copolymers are widely used as flocculating agents for the separation of industrial suspensions. The formation of high molecular weight polymers depends on the content of various impurities present in the monomer. The article presents the scientific and practical information on the production of acrylamide by sulfuric acid method of hydration of nitrile acrylic acid in the form of an aqueous solution of different concentrations and a more modern heterogeneously catalytic method of hydration of acrylonitrile using as catalysts with variable valence. Ways to get different impurities in the stages of production of acrylamide with the purpose of applying appropriate methods for its purification. Laboratory studies of the purification of an aqueous solution of acrylamide from iron ions were carried out as an element of inhibition of the premature polymerization process.

scholarly journals Decolorization of Color Index Acid Orange 20 buffer solution using horseradish peroxidase immobilized on modified PAN-beads

RSC Advances ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (31) ◽  
pp. 18976-18986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhu Yincan ◽  
Liu Yan ◽  
Guo Xueyong ◽  
Wu Qiao ◽  
Xu Xiaoping
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Horseradish Peroxidase ◽  
Color Index ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Acid Orange

In the present work, horseradish peroxidase (HRP) is utilized to be immobilized onto polyacrylonitrile based beads (PAN-beads) for decolorization of Color Index (C. I.) Acid Orange 20 (AO20) in aqueous solution.

Adsorption, Desorption, and Leaching of Nitrofen and Oxyfluorfen

Weed Science ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omosuyi Fadayomi ◽  
G. F. Warren
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Calcium Ions ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Silica Sand ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Sand Soil ◽  
Muck Soil ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

The adsorption of nitrofen (2,4-dichlorophenyl-p-nitrophenyl ether) and oxyfluorfen [2-cholor-1-(3-ethoxy-4-nitrophenoxy)-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene] from aqueous solution by muck soil, and by kaolinite and bentonite saturated with hydrogen or calcium ions, was studied using14C-labeled herbicides. Both compounds were readily adsorbed from solution by muck soil and Ca- and H-Al-bentonite but only slightly by Ca- and H-Al-kaolinite. Very little of the adsorbed compounds was desorbed after four extractions with distilled water. A bioactivity study using sorghum seedlings (Sorghum bicolorL. ‘RS610′) was conducted with the herbicides in a silica sand medium amended with 1% (w/w) of the various adsorbents. The herbicides were strongly inactivated by muck soil but there was very little inactivation by the clays. There was essentially no movement of either herbicide through 5-cm columns of a silt loam soil and a fine sand soil.

Study on Chromaticity Variation Relationships of Rosin under High Temperature Treatment

2011 ◽  
Vol 396-398 ◽  
pp. 1157-1163
Author(s):  
Yan Gu ◽  
Yu Xiang Chen ◽  
Zhen Dong Zhao ◽  
Chang Tai Guo ◽  
Dong Mei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Softening Point ◽  
Pinus Massoniana ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
General Consideration ◽  
Inert Gases ◽  
High Temperature Treatment ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Gardner Color

The color-lightening of rosin was achieved to give light-colored and qualified rosin that was improved at the optimal conditions for 4 Gardner color grades, while rosin was treated at 180 ~ 270 °C for 1 ~ 4 h in inert gases. The color of rosin was deepened slightly at the initial, and then gradual lightened with the increase of treating temperature. The best color-lightening effect was observed from Pinus massoniana rosin. The acid number and softening point of rosin tended to decrease both accompanying with the color-lightening. According to a general consideration on main requirements such as color, acid number, softening point and the others, the suitable treating conditions for rosin color-lightening were suggested to be as temperature 240 ~ 260 °C and time 1 ~ 3 h.

scholarly journals Development of high-performance mixed matrix reverse osmosis membranes by incorporating aminosilane-modified hydrotalcite

RSC Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 5648-5655
Author(s):  
Xinxia Tian ◽  
Zhen Cao ◽  
Jian Wang ◽  
Jiangrong Chen ◽  
Yangyang Wei
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Interfacial Polymerization ◽  
Polymerization Process ◽  
Mixed Matrix ◽  
Thin Film Nanocomposite ◽  
Reverse Osmosis Membranes

Thin film nanocomposite reverse osmosis membranes were prepared by dispersing 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane modified hydrotalcite in aqueous solution and incorporating the nanoparticles in polyamide layer during interfacial polymerization process.

THE SUSPENDING POWER OF DETERGENT SOLUTIONS: II. SOAP-BUILDER SOLUTIONS

1950 ◽  
Vol 28f (10) ◽  
pp. 363-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Weatherburn ◽  
G. R. F. Rose ◽  
C. H. Bayley
Keyword(s):  
Soap Solution ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Laundry Soap ◽  
Tetrasodium Pyrophosphate ◽  
Carbon Particles ◽  
Washing Process ◽  
Tentative Explanation ◽  
Decreasing Ph ◽  
Sodium Orthosilicate

Laboratory scale measurements have been made of the ability of certain alkaline salts, commonly used as laundry soap builders, to hold carbon particles in suspension, and thus prevent their deposition on fabric during the washing process. In the absence of soap little difference was noted between any of the builders studied, the suspending power being, on the whole, poorer than that of distilled water. In general, the addition of builders to soap solutions resulted in a decrease in the suspending power of the soap, this effect increasing with increasing builder concentration. The builders fall into three general classifications, viz.: simple electrolytes, silicates, and phosphates. Within each of these groups of builders the suspending power of a built soap solution increases with decreasing pH of the solution. A tentative explanation of the influence of added builders on the suspending power of soap solutions is offered, on the basis of interference with the normal adsorption of soap by the carbon particles, and, in some cases, the superimposed adsorption of the anion of the builder. Classification of the builders with respect to their effect on the suspending power of various pure soaps indicated that sodium hexametaphosphate is superior to all others, while sodium hydroxide and sodium orthosilicate are the poorest. There are only minor differences between the remaining builders, tetrasodium pyrophosphate and trisodium phosphate being the best in this group. This classification, which is based solely on suspending power, is not necessarily indicative of the over-all efficiency of builders in the detergent process as a whole.

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