Effect of Rhizobium Inoculation on Growth of Stony Desertification - Grown White Clover (Trifolium) by Rhizobium sp. SWFU27, SWFU29

2011 ◽  
Vol 356-360 ◽  
pp. 2416-2421
Author(s):  
Jin Hua Wang ◽  
Wu Xian Zhang ◽  
Guo Lian Lai ◽  
Yu Bo Zhao ◽  
Biao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Rhizobium Inoculation ◽  
Leaf Transpiration ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Rhizobium Sp

Effects of Rhizobium inoculation on plant height (PH), leaf area (LA), leaf net photosynthesis (Pn), leaf transpiration rate (Tr) and water use efficiency (WUE) of stony desertification-grown white clover (Trifolium) by Rhizobium sp. SWFU27, SWFU29 were studied during Spring 2011. Seeds were soaked for 30min in strain SWFU27, SWFU29 cell suspensions respectively, growing individually in autoclaved stony desertification soil under nursery conditions at ambient temperatures. Datum were collected from 90-day-old plants on a sunny day. Rhizobium inoculation by SWFU27 significantly increased PH and LA by 50% and 91.58% separately, and SWFU29 by 129.17% and 158.95. Pn, Tr, WUE for three sets of plants all in turn: SWFU29 > SWFU27 > CK, suggesting that maximum growth of stony desertification-grown plant requires the Rhizobium inoculation to promote the growth, between the two inoculation systems, SWFU29 had a high photosynthesis efficiency, transpiration potential and water use efficiency than SWFU27 and SWFU29 is much light-tolerance species than SWFU27, thereto signify the phenomena that white clover inoculated by Rhizobium sp. SWFU29 is growing better and to be a pioneer dominant in Karst stony desertification area.

scholarly journals Agronomic Biofortification of Cayenne Pepper Cultivars with Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria and Chili Residue in a Chinese Solar Greenhouse

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2398
Author(s):  
Ibraheem Olamide Olasupo ◽  
Qiuju Liang ◽  
Chunyi Zhang ◽  
Md Shariful Islam ◽  
Yansu Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Agronomic Biofortification

Agronomic biofortification of horticultural crops using plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) under crop residue incorporation systems remains largely underexploited. Bacillus subtilis (B1), Bacillus laterosporus (B2), or Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (B3) was inoculated on soil containing chili residue, while chili residue without PGPR (NP) served as the control. Two hybrid long cayenne peppers, succeeding a leaf mustard crop were used in the intensive cultivation study. Net photosynthesis, leaf stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, photosynthetic water use efficiency, shoot and root biomass, and fruit yield were evaluated. Derivatives of folate, minerals, and nitrate contents in the pepper fruits were also assessed. B1 elicited higher net photosynthesis and photosynthetic water use efficiency, while B2 and B3 had higher transpiration rates than B1 and NP. B1 and B3 resulted in 27–36% increase in pepper fruit yield compared to other treatments, whereas B3 produced 24–27.5% and 21.9–27.2% higher 5-methyltetrahydrofolate and total folate contents, respectively, compared to B1 and NP. However, chili residue without PGPR inoculation improved fruit calcium, magnesium, and potassium contents than the inoculated treatments. ‘Xin Xian La 8 F1’ cultivar had higher yield and plant biomass, fruit potassium, total soluble solids, and total folate contents compared to ‘La Gao F1.’ Agronomic biofortification through the synergy of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and chili residue produced better yield and folate contents with a trade-off in the mineral contents of the greenhouse-grown long cayenne pepper.

scholarly journals Trichoderma Enhances Net Photosynthesis, Water Use Efficiency, and Growth of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under Salt Stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abraham Mulu Oljira ◽  
Tabassum Hussain ◽  
Tatoba R. Waghmode ◽  
Huicheng Zhao ◽  
Hongyong Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Trichoderma Isolates

Soil salinity is one of the most important abiotic stresses limiting plant growth and productivity. The breeding of salt-tolerant wheat cultivars has substantially relieved the adverse effects of salt stress. Complementing these cultivars with growth-promoting microbes has the potential to stimulate and further enhance their salt tolerance. In this study, two fungal isolates, Th4 and Th6, and one bacterial isolate, C7, were isolated. The phylogenetic analyses suggested that these isolates were closely related to Trichoderma yunnanense, Trichoderma afroharzianum, and Bacillus licheniformis, respectively. These isolates produced indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) under salt stress (200 mM). The abilities of these isolates to enhance salt tolerance were investigated by seed coatings on salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant wheat cultivars. Salt stress (S), cultivar (C), and microbial treatment (M) significantly affected water use efficiency. The interaction effect of M x S significantly correlated with all photosynthetic parameters investigated. Treatments with Trichoderma isolates enhanced net photosynthesis, water use efficiency and biomass production. Principal component analysis revealed that the influences of microbial isolates on the photosynthetic parameters of the different wheat cultivars differed substantially. This study illustrated that Trichoderma isolates enhance the growth of wheat under salt stress and demonstrated the potential of using these isolates as plant biostimulants.

scholarly journals Management of Plant Physiology with Beneficial Bacteria to Improve Leaf Bioactive Profiles and Plant Adaptation under Saline Stress in Olea europea L.

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Estrella Galicia-Campos ◽  
Beatriz Ramos-Solano ◽  
Mª. Belén Montero-Palmero ◽  
F. Javier Gutierrez-Mañero ◽  
Ana García-Villaraco
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Saline Stress ◽  
Plant Fitness ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Pruning Residues

Global climate change has increased warming with a concomitant decrease in water availability and increased soil salinity, factors that compromise agronomic production. On the other hand, new agronomic developments using irrigation systems demand increasing amounts of water to achieve an increase in yields. Therefore, new challenges appear to improve plant fitness and yield, while limiting water supply for specific crops, particularly, olive trees. Plants have developed several innate mechanisms to overcome water shortage and the use of beneficial microorganisms to ameliorate symptoms appears as a challenging alternative. Our aim is to improve plant fitness with beneficial bacterial strains capable of triggering plant metabolism that targets several mechanisms simultaneously. Our secondary aim is to improve the content of molecules with bioactive effects to valorize pruning residues. To analyze bacterial effects on olive plantlets that are grown in saline soil, photosynthesis, photosynthetic pigments, osmolytes (proline and soluble sugars), and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging enzymes (superoxide dismutase-SOD and ascorbate peroxidase-APX) and molecules (phenols, flavonols, and oleuropein) were determined. We found photosynthetic pigments, antioxidant molecules, net photosynthesis, and water use efficiency to be the most affected parameters. Most strains decreased pigments and increased osmolytes and phenols, and only one strain increased the antihypertensive molecule oleuropein. All strains increased net photosynthesis, but only three increased water use efficiency. In conclusion, among the ten strains, three improved water use efficiency and one increased values of pruning residues.

WATER USE EFFICIENCY AND WATER DISTRIBUTION RESPONSE TO DIFFERENT PLANTING PATTERNS IN MAIZE–SOYBEAN RELAY STRIP INTERCROPPING SYSTEMS

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
TANZEELUR RAHMAN ◽  
LIN YE ◽  
XIN LIU ◽  
NASIR IQBAL ◽  
JUNBO DU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Planting Pattern ◽  
Leaf Transpiration ◽  
Sole Cropping ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Narrow Row ◽  
Strip Intercropping

SUMMARYUnderstanding crop water use in mixed crops over sole cropping is vital for developing optimum water management systems for crop production. In this study, a two-year field experiment with typical maize (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] relay strip intercropping (2:2 maize-to-soybean rows; 200 cm bandwidth) was carried out in the 2013 and 2014 growing seasons. The quantitative effects of various planting patterns on the water-use efficiency (WUE) and water distribution were investigated. Our results indicated that soil volumetric water content and soil evaporation in the intercropping systems showed decreasing trends in the order: maize row (MM) < maize-to-soybean row (MS) < soybean row (SS). The highest leaf transpiration (1.91 and 2.07 mmol m−2 s−1) for the intercropped maize was measured in each of the two years in the 20 cm maize narrow-row planting pattern and decreased thereafter. Opposite trend was observed for the intercropped soybean; the highest soybean leaf transpiration (7.01 and 6.80 mmol m−2 s−1 for 2013 and 2014, respectively) was recorded in the 70 cm. The WUE of maize and soybean intercrops was lower than that of sole crop counterparts. However, the maximum group water use efficiency (GWUE) of 26.08 and 26.20 kg ha−1 mm−1 in the 40–50 cm maize narrow-row planting pattern was, respectively, 39.6% and 23% higher compared with that of sole crops. The water equivalent ratio (WER) values ranged from 1.60–1.79, suggesting better crop water use in the intercrops over sole cropping. Planting patterns provided by 40–50 cm maize narrow-row spacing were considered the most efficient in terms of maximum total yields, GWUE and WER. These results suggest that an appropriate reduction in the spacing of narrow maize row with wide soybean row could be an efficient crop management method to achieve optimal WUE and homogeneous water distribution in maize–soybean intercropping systems.

scholarly journals Agronomic performance and gaseous exchanges of the radish under saline stress and ascorbic acid application

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ygor Henrique Leal ◽  
Leonardo Vieira de Sousa ◽  
Toshik Iarley Da Silva ◽  
Joana Gomes de Moura ◽  
Ana Gabriela Sousa Basílio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Saline Stress ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Electrical Conductivities ◽  
Use Efficiency

The radish is a short-cycle vegetable that has excellent nutritional and medicinal properties. It is considered rustic, meaning it tolerates adverse conditions with the possibility of being irrigated with saline water, which creates stress. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of electrical conductivities in irrigation water and doses of ascorbic acid on the agronomic performance and gaseous exchanges of radishes. This experiment was carried out in a protected environment at the Agricultural Sciences Center of the Federal University of Paraíba, Areia, Paraíba (Brazil). The experiment design used randomized blocks with five doses of ascorbic acid (0.0, 0.29, 1.0, 1.71 and 2.0 mM) and five electrical conductivities in the irrigation water (0.5, 1.3, 3.25, 5.2 and 6.0 dS m-1), with four replicates. The growth, gas exchange and production were evaluated. The doses of ascorbic acid were not significant. The increase in the electrical conductivities of the irrigation water provided a reduction in the agronomic performance and gas exchanges, except for the net photosynthesis, water use efficiency and instantaneous carboxylation efficiency, which were not significant. There was a relationship between the net photosynthesis, transpiration, internal concentration of CO2 and water use efficiency and the stomatal conductance. The agronomic performance and gaseous exchanges of the radish culture were influenced by the salinity. The foliar application of ascorbic acid did not influence the agronomic yield and gaseous exchanges of the radishes at the tested doses.

scholarly journals Kaolin Particle Film Applications Can Increase Photosynthesis and Water Use Efficiency of `Ruby Red' Grapefruit Leaves

2003 ◽  
Vol 128 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
John L. Jifon ◽  
James P. Syvertsen
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Leaf Temperature ◽  
Citrus Paradisi ◽  
Photoinhibition Of Photosynthesis ◽  
High Radiation ◽  
Leaf Transpiration ◽  
Partial Pressures ◽  
Use Efficiency

Effects of foliar sprays of a kaolin clay particle film (Surround WP) on leaf temperature (Tlf), net gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence and water relations of sun-exposed leaves on field-grown grapefruit trees (Citrus paradisi L.) were studied during Summer and Fall 2001. Trees were sprayed twice a week for 3 weeks with aqueous suspensions of kaolin (Surround) at 60 g·L-1. Physiological effects of kaolin application were most prominent around midday on warm sunny days than in mornings, evenings or cloudy days. Kaolin sprays increased leaf whiteness (62%), reduced midday leaf temperature (Tlf; ≈3 °C) and leaf to air vapor pressure differences (VPD; ≈20%) compared to water-sprayed control leaves. Midday reductions in Tlf and VPD were accompanied by increased stomatal conductance (gs) and net CO2 assimilation rates (ACO2) of kaolin sprayed leaves, suggesting that gs might have limited ACO2 in water-sprayed control leaves. Midday photoinhibition of photosynthesis was 30% lower in kaolin-sprayed leaves than in control leaves. Midday water use efficiency (WUE) of kaolin-sprayed leaves was 25% higher than that of control leaves. However, leaf transpiration and whole-tree water use were not affected by kaolin film sprays. Increased WUE was therefore, due to higher ACO2. Leaf intercellular CO2 partial pressures (Ci) were similar in control and kaolin-sprayed leaves indicating that stomatal conductance was not the major cause of reduced ACO2. These results demonstrate that kaolin sprays could potentially increase grapefruit leaf carbon uptake efficiency under high radiation and temperature stress.

Vertical Wilting and Photosynthesis, Transpiration, and Water Use Efficiency of Sunflower Leaves

1979 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 109 ◽  
Author(s):  
HM Rawson
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Vertical Orientation ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Node Position

Plants of two sunflower cultivars were exposed to a number of soil drying cycles and the gas exchange of young, fully expanded leaves at different nodes was measured continuously from when the leaves were turgid until when they were severely and vertically wilted. Peak rates of net photosynthesis increased with the height of leaf insertion but, regardless of node position, leaves at vertical wilting always had rates of net photosynthesis which were close to 50% of peak rates. Although the leaf water potential at which vertical wilting occurred ranged between - 1.3 and -2.2 MPa and varied even for a particular leaf position, there was a similar relationship between the rate of reduction in photosynthesis and the reduction in leaf water potential. No evidence was found for a threshold leaf water potential at which stomatal closure occurs. Water use efficiency improved when leaves changed from a horizontal to a vertical orientation, apparently through changes in leaf temperature but. by the stage of wilting, water use efficiency had already markedly improved over efficiencies of turgid leaves. Much of this improvement stemmed from changes in leaf conductances. No clear differences between cultivars were evident in any parameter measured. The likely effects that wilting will have on water use efficiency in the field and strategies for optimising water use on a diurnal basis are discussed.

Photosynthesis and Transpiration in Dicotyledonous Plants. II. Expanding and Senescing Leaves of Soybean

1976 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 257 ◽  
Author(s):  
RG Woodward ◽  
HM Rawson
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Vapour Pressure Deficit ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Unit Leaf ◽  
Efficiency Parameter ◽  
Dicotyledonous Plants ◽  
History Of ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Soybean Leaves

The history of net photosynthesis and transpiration per unit leaf area was determined for intact soybean leaves from their unfolding to senescence during flowering and pod filling on untreated (podded) and partially depodded plants growing in a glasshouse. Leaf diffusive resistances to CO2 were calculated and a water use efficiency parameter was derived (net mass of carbon dioxide fixed per unit mass of water transpired per millibar vapour pressure deficit). Net photosynthesis and transpiration behaved similarly through all stages of leaf development. A number of peaks were evident in these parameters. The first was associated with leaf expansion and occurred when the leaf reached its maximum area. The second peak coincided with flowering of the plant and later peaks occurred during pod filling. Stomatal and mesophyll resistances also exhibited similar behaviour during the life of the leaf; the possible causes of this linkage are discussed. Water use efficiency increased rapidly up to the time of full lamina expansion. Thereafter, it rose slowly or remained stable until leaf senescence approached, when the efficiency declined. Net photosynthesis and transpiration of leaves were very similar in both podded and partially depodded plants. It appears that to prevent a shortage of assimilate during flowering and pod filling, photosynthesis may be maintained or increased in some leaves and the response is not related to the number of pods available for filling. The increases in photosynthesis were correlated with both higher stomatal and mesophyll conductances. Mechanisms by which the plant may control leaf photosynthesis are discussed.

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